The Don Jones Index

the *DON* JONES INDEX…
	GAINS POSTED in GREEN LOSSES POSTED in RED 12/4/25… 15,581.15 11/27/25… 15,579.00 6/27/13... 15,000.00
*(THE DOW* JONES INDEX: 12/4/25... 47,882.90; 11/27/25... 47,427.12; 6/27/13… 15,000.00)**

LESSON for DECEMBER 4th, 2025 – “AMERICA by the NUMBERS…!”

Halloween and Thanksgiving over, Christmas still to come, the mass media consumed by sly selling stories and news of major impact to Don Jones... gumment shutdown, off year elections, wars in Ukraine, the MidEast and Haiti – now largely supplanted by events only important to some (the ICE migrant battles, Venezuelan drug cartels, dancing with the stars) or old wars and old chaos leftover from Trump 1.0 and Old White Joe still slogging on... we’re going to take a closer look at how the pollsters, statisticians and think tankers view America’s status in the world as 2025 enters its last month.

The first such encountered, and probably most indicative, would the annual Happiness Index, first prepared and released back in 2002 by the World Population Review. The most recent findings (2024) placed Finland atop the list, with Afghanistan at the bottom. (ATTACHMENT ONE)

“The citizens of Finland have strong feelings of communal support and mutual trust that not only helped secure the #1 ranking but also helped the country as a whole navigate the COVID-19 pandemic,” the World Poppers found... the next three finishers also being small, cold republics. At the bottom was Afghanistan – ranked least happy due to “a low life expectancy rate, low gross domestic product rates per capita, and perhaps most importantly, the recent Taliban takeover of Afghanistan.”

Since 2002, the World Happiness Report has used statistical analysis to determine the world’s happiest countries - analyzing “comprehensive Gallup polling data from 143 countries for the past three years, specifically monitoring performance in six particular categories: gross domestic product per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make your own life choices, generosity of the general population, and perceptions of internal and external corruption levels.”

THE HAPPIEST COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD FOR 2024

Finland took top honors—for the tenth year in a row—with an overall score of 7.741, followed (in order) by Denmark (7.583), Iceland (7.525), Sweden (7.344), Israel (7.341), the Netherlands (7.319), and Norway (7.302).

The citizens of Finland have strong feelings of communal support and mutual trust that not only helped secure the #1 ranking but also helped the country as a whole navigate the COVID-19 pandemic. During that trying time, Finlanders felt strongly that they were free to make their own choices and showed minimal suspicion of government corruption. Both of these factors are strong contributors to overall happiness.

“This is where I always want to come back to and where I want to, you know, grow my kids and grow old myself,” said Aino Virolainen, a digital commerce director who has lived abroad but always wants to return home to Finland. “I think it’s because, you know, the peace and the quietness and the trustworthiness. You know, how we speak directly and the nature, of course. It’s clean and the air is fresh and what’s there not to love?”

Alexandra Peth, a managing director, said Finnish culture prioritizes trust and connection.

“People trust each other in Finland and I think on many levels in the society, we try to support each other,” Peth said. “So I think the system makes it kind of that you can trust it somehow.” (PBS, ATTACHMENT TWO)

The least happy country in the world for 2024 was Afghanistan, whose 143rd-place ranking of 1.721 can be attributed in part to a low life expectancy rate, low gross domestic product rates per capita, and perhaps most importantly, the recent Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. Rounding out the bottom five were Lebanon (2.707), Lesotho (3.186), Sierra Leone (3.245), and DR Congo (3.295).

For specifics, let’s follow in the footsteps of Ramallah Lakanwa, who shot two National Guardspeople in DC last week, killing one. Mr. Lakanwa was an Afghan who chose to support President Joe’s war effort there, serving on the lethal and controversial Zero Force, associated with the Central Intelligence Agency. Once the war was lost, he and many, many others emigrating to America... to Washington (state) in this case... where, according to Home SecSec Kristi Noem, the red tape snarled his VISA so he was unable to find work and, consequently, lost his mind. (Others brought up other reasons, but they’re not on the table this week.)

Note: Life expectancies in Afghanistan are the worst in the world, according to the CIA. The liberal Guardian U.K. allowed some credit to the Taliban for attempting to ameliorate this in a 2011 article, a decade before the Biden withdrawal debacle (ATTACHMENT THREE), after which their reaction to sin or crime or simple dissent became execution.

The United States' happiness index was ranked 24th globally in the 2025 World Happiness Report, marking a new all-time low, according to the New York Times and Newsweek. The score has declined, particularly among those under 30, and is attributed to factors like increased solo dining and rising "deaths of despair". One factor highlighted in the report was the increasing number of people who eat alone. (CBS News, ATTACHMENT FOUR)

"In 2023, roughly 1 in 4 Americans reported eating all of their meals alone the previous day — an increase of 53% since 2003," the report said. "Dining alone has become more prevalent for every age group, but especially for young people."

Another factor contributing to America's drop in the rankings, as well as the rankings of some European countries, was "the rise in political polarization and votes against 'the system,'" the report said.

A French analytics survey, “MIEUX DONNER” (ATTACHMENT FIVE) contended that the happiest countries were also among the most generous; a positive correlation existing between international aid and happiness, suggesting that countries spreading happiness beyond their borders are not only happier but also more benevolent.

Trust and kindness were also noted: People’s perceptions of others’ generosity tending to be pessimistic. “In reality, acts of kindness, like returning a lost wallet, happen more often than expected, which significantly boosts happiness. Trust in others is strongly associated with wellbeing, even more so than factors like income or employment,” while the cost-effectiveness of charities can be measured and compared with a standardised metric of value: Wellbeing-Years (WELLBYs).

Mieux Donn also noted that specific events and longer-range trends could affect either an individual or a nation’s happiness. Some of these cited were...

· Being unemployed reduces life satisfaction by 0.5 points (on a 0-10 scale).

· Marriage increases life satisfaction by 0.3 points (on a 0-10 scale).

· Doubling income raises life satisfaction by 0.2 points (on a 0-10 scale).

Charitible giving procedures also raised or lowered national rankings; the Happier Lives Institute reported that the most cost-effective charities found so far “focus on mental health, malnutrition, and lead exposure reduction in low-income countries” – the Happier Lives Institute wanting to add some estimates of well-known charities, but finding this surprisingly hard.

Why? “Lots of big charities are what they call ‘MANGOs’, standing for ‘Multi-Armed NGOs’. For instance, Oxfam runs hundreds of different programmes. In the chapter, they explain the ‘MANGO problem’ is that it is effectively impossible for us to assess these sorts of organisations. So, donors are really guessing about how much good their money does.”

HLI’s ranking of charities found that “the most cost-effective charity in the analysis (Pure Earth) (was) around ~1,000 times better (942 times to be precise) at increasing happiness than the least effective evaluated charity (Football Beyond Borders).”

The virtue rankers also asked and answered: “How much should I give? The largest amount that you can sustain.”

At Mieux Donner, “we promote the 10% pledge, where individuals commit to giving 10% of their income to high-impact charities. We invite people in a variety of situations to consider taking this commitment. While we understand it may not be for everyone, 1% could be a good starting point. If you’re still unsure about pledging, you can try a trial pledge of 1% for a limited period of time.”

The picture in the United States isn’t so rosy - but “in brighter news, global research shows that people are much kinder than we expect.” (CNN, ATTACHMENT SIX)

“People’s fellow citizens are better than they think they are, and to realize that will make you happier, of course, but it’ll also change the way you think about your neighbors,” said John Helliwell, a founding editor of the World Happiness Report.

“And so you’re more inclined to think of a stranger in the street as simply a friend you haven’t met and not somebody who poses a threat to you,” said Helliwell, who is an economics professor emeritus at the University of British Columbia.

THE HAPPIEST COUNTRIES

When it comes to happiness, the Nordic countries (i.e. white, rich and cold) are clearly doing a lot of things right. For the eighth year in a row, Finland is the world’s happiest country, with its neighbors clustered close behind. (Gallup, ATTACHMENT SEVEN)

“Nordic countries like Finland continue to benefit from universally available and high-quality health, education and social support systems. Inequality of wellbeing is also low,” said Ilana Ron-Levey, managing director at Gallup.

Finland, Denmark, Iceland and Sweden – the top four – remain in the same order as 2024. And Norway is again No. 7.

While social support systems that look out for residents’ welfare are important to Finland’s No. 1 ranking, the people play a role too, according to Helliwell.

“Having a welfare state doesn’t find lost wallets and return them to the owners,” said Helliwell, a longtime lost-wallet researcher, referring to data showing that Nordic nations rank among the top places for the expected and actual return of lost wallets. “Those are individuals caring about the people with whom they live.”

Other factors likely contribute to Finland’s strong performance as well. Helliwell said some Finnish experts point to the unity and trust that came out of the Winter War in 1939-40, also known as the Russo-Finnish War.

“They didn’t win that war, but what they did is they came together and realized even against overwhelming power they could do remarkably well … Sometimes the challenge posed externally can bring you together.”

LOWEST RANKING YET FOR THE UNITED STATES

After dropping out of the top 20 for the first time last year, the US ranks No. 24 in the latest World Happiness Report.

“The decline in the U.S. in 2024 was at least partly attributable to Americans younger than age 30 feeling worse about their lives,” said Ron-Levey. “Today’s young people report feeling less supported by friends and family, less free to make life choices and less optimistic about their living standards.”

Wikipedia’s history of happiness began in July 2011, when “the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 65/309, also named as Happiness: Towards a Holistic Definition of Development,^[6] inviting member countries to measure the happiness of their people and to use the data to help guide public policy.

“The first World Happiness Report was released on 1 April 2012, as a foundational text for the UN High Level Meeting: Well-being and Happiness: Defining a New Economic Paradigm,^[7] drawing international attention.^[8] On 2 April 2012, this was followed by the first UN High Level Meeting called Wellbeing and Happiness: Defining a New Economic Paradigm,^[9] which was chaired by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, in addition to that prime minister Jigme Thinley of Bhutan, a nation that adopted gross national happiness instead of gross domestic product as their main development indicator.^[10] (See ATTACHMENT EIGHT... see website for notes)

“The first report outlined the state of world happiness, causes of happiness and misery, and policy implications highlighted by case studies. In 2013, the second World Happiness Report was issued, and in 2015 the third. Since 2016, it has been issued on an annual basis on 20 March, to coincide with the UN's International Day of Happiness.^[11]”

WELLBYs

From 2021, the World Happiness Report has supported using WELLBYs (Well-Being-Adjusted Life-Years). It says that QALYs (Quality-Adjusted Life Years) only count a patient's health quality. Instead, WELLBYs should be used. The report says policy-makers should aim to increase the WELLBYs of people alive today and future generations.^[15]^[16]^[17]

METHODOLOGY

The World Happiness Report's use of a single-item indicator of subjective well-being is fundamentally different from more traditional Index approaches which use a range of indicators such as the United Nations' Human Development Index, the OECD Better Life Index of 2011, or the Social Progress Index of 2013. There has also been an ongoing debate regarding single-item and multi-item scales as measures of life satisfaction.^[68]

The idea that subjective well-being can be captured by a survey has also been contested by economists, who have identified that people’s assessments of their happiness can be affected by how, for example, their country’s education system grades exams, and that survey questions on subjective well-being are affected by response styles.^[69]

Critics have pointed out the difference between evaluations and experiences of well-being.^[63]^[64] For instance Colombia came 37th in the 2018 World Happiness Report rankings but first by daily emotional experience in Gallup's Positive Experience Index.^[65] The inconsistencies in the results of different happiness measurement surveys have also been noted, for instance, a Pew survey of 43 countries in 2014 (which excluded most of Europe) had Mexico, Israel, and Venezuela finishing first, second and third.^[66] Others point out that the variables of interest used by the World Happiness Report are more appropriate for measuring national-level rather than individual-level happiness.^[67]

LEGITIMACY

In 2014, British journalist Michael Booth questioned the legitimacy of the Nordic countries' freedom and happiness rankings in his book The Almost Nearly Perfect People. In it, he criticizes Denmark's environmental footprint and notes that the taxes and personal debt levels among its citizens are the highest in the world.^[70] He also writes that in Finland, the most common type of prescription medications in the country are antipsychotic. He also points out the country's high alcohol consumption, murder, and suicide rates.^[71] Further, he argues that he doesn't think the Danes were the world's happiest people, but instead described them as the "most satisfied".^[72]

Perhaps in confirmation, Reuters’ Anne Kauranen balancedwrote (November 25^th, ATTACHMENT NINE) that Finland is now “grappling with economic stagnation, rising joblessness and strained public finances,” but had still managed to secure the title of world's happiest country for the eighth year in a row in this year's annual World Happiness Report six months previous.

Its success, experts say, is due in no small part to a generous welfare state - but that is now being trimmed back as ministers confront the surging social costs of an aging population.

"I've been grateful that in Finland there has been a safety net and social security that have supported me financially ... So maybe I'm not more unhappy than I was before," unemployed video producer Juho-Pekka Palomaa told Kauranen.

Finland's export-dependent economy has struggled since the phone business of Nokia, once Europe's most valuable company, collapsed in 2014 after it fumbled the switch to touch-screen smartphones. Sanctions on neighbouring Russia over its war in Ukraine have also hit exports and tourism, while uncertainty over tariffs and global trade present a further challenge.

Poor public finances have already prompted the government to start pruning some parts of the welfare state, including unemployment and housing benefits and some medical facilities.

"I'm honestly terrified for younger people," said Hanna Taimio, 54, another unemployed Finn who joined Palomaa's commemoration and fears she may never work again. "All these cutbacks and downgrades... it's genuinely frightening."

The right-wing coalition government, in office since 2023, aims to "to strengthen public finances and to bring the growing debt under control", Minister of Employment Matias Marttinen told Reuters.

Marttinen called the high jobless rate "an awful situation", but defended the government's decision to make dismissals easier to lower the risks of hiring for companies, to ultimately boost employment.

But there is more to happiness than economics, Reuters added.

The life evaluations that people report in the happiness survey are determined more by factors like resilience and the ability to "deal collaboratively and constructively in bad times" than by national economic conditions, said the World Happiness report's founding editor, emeritus professor John Helliwell.

"Of course, Finland is very high in resilience," he said.

Recent data by analytics company Gallup (above) shows no significant fluctuations in Finns' reported emotional wellbeing since last year. Data from the same survey on life evaluations will be published with the next World Happiness Report next year and the world shall see if there is now a New Number One.

Despite the cut in gumment handouts to the unemployed (and with Finland, so far, lacking the “get tough or get out” American mandatory work requirements for food stamps), Palomaa still looks forward to enjoying a free community sauna run and funded by volunteers by the Baltic Sea shore in Helsinki.

"The sauna is a place where everyone's so equal ... You cannot say based on someone's appearance what they do for a living, who they are," he said.

Aside from spying on and sometimes meddling in foreign affairs, the CIA publishes some of its middle “I” (intelligence) findings in a Factbook that, among other things, ranks the nations of the world by population, income and other ambiances (or their absence) to compile lists from best to worst. (ATTACHMENT TEN – including A, B, C etc.) Here in this most comprehensive listing of categories (multiple, only some included) and countries (usually well over 200) we find professional judgments by professional judges and, if there is a bias towards America, it might actually be a negative bias in that the image does not always live up to the reality.

Given the tendency of the CIA to embrace and protect secrecy, it’s rather surprising that the spooks would publish and post on the Internet innumerable secret stats regarding America, Americans and the American Way.

This spooky Index noted some of the more pertinent national profiles... these being 10A) Area; 10B) Population; 19C) Population growth rate; 10D) Life Expectancy – the United States ranked 49^th with a rate of 80.9 years*; 10E) Migration rate – the United States ranked 39^th at Plus 3.0; 10F) GDP rate (total); 10G) GDP rate (per capita) – the United States ranked thirteenth; and 10H) Unemployment – the United States ranked 67^th.

* There is an AI Overview and some pertinent URLs following as relate to life expectancy.

Equality, as measured by the GINI coefficient, found the United States ranking 34^th (worst). Unlike the CIA and most other indices, the higher the rank the worse off the country... Americans were slightly less equal among themselves than in Djijouti, slightly more so than in Bolivia. The world’s most equal countries were Slovakia and Slovenia – the most unequal was Namibia. (ATTACHMENT ELEVEN)

Freedom House (ATTACHMENT TWELVE) rates people’s access to political rights and civil liberties in 208 countries and territories through its annual Freedom in the World report. “Individual freedoms—ranging from the right to vote to freedom of expression and equality before the law—can be affected by state or nonstate actors...” and nations have been ranked FREE (scoring 70 points or higher on a scale of one hundred), PARTLY FREE (32 to 69 points) or NOT FREE (31 or fewer points). Within their rankings were subcategories of “political rights” (ranked from zero to 40) and civil liberties (zero to 60).

One might think the division between partly and not free would cut off at 30 points, not 31, but their Indix is what it is and, for what it is worth, Algeria, Iraq and Kuwait fall into the most repressive category.

Those happy Finns also earned a perfect 100/100 freedom score, perhaps one of the reason why they are so happy... or maybe it’s because of the drugs and alcohol noted above.

Sweden, Norway and New Zealand scored 99/100 rankings while, at the bottom, Turkmenistan and South Sudan (scoring 1/100) and Sudan proper (2/100) were adjudicated least free nations (North Korea registered a comparatively libertarian 3), but FH also included the “Russian occupied territories of Ukraine” and gave it a quite incomprehensible ranking of minus one. How the freedom score can fall below zero was not explained – the premise being that, at zero, the government kills everybody, including themselves but, again, they did what they did.

The United States, at 84/100 remains within the FREE category but, notably, trailed the likes of Argentina in the last survey (both have since shifted sharply rightward). But we beat out those rich snobs in Monaco.

An alternate ranking agency, CEO World, derived different results... perhaps because of its orientation towards defining freedom as the freedom to make money. (ATTACHMENT THIRTEEN) These businesspeople configured the national value slightly differently... while their title indicated a rating for “human freedom”, the subcategories were a nebulous “Situation” and a measured “Travel Risk” (against, perhaps, the possibility of organized or lone wolf terror, revolutions or perhaps even uppity labor unions.

The business orientation was reinforced by their favored nation (out of 197) which was the banking gnome and capital accumulation capitol of Switzerland. Finland also earned a “good” situation report with “insignificant” travel risk, but finished only in sixth place behind New Zealand, Denmark, Luxembourg and Ireland (despite its bumped up “low” travel risk – perhaps anticipating a possible return of “the troubles.

The United States scored better here than at Freedom House, finishing 20^th and with a good situation and insignificant travel risk. The worst-case countries were all Asian or MidEastern as opposed to the African states on FH naughty list... Syria deemed worst of all. (Again, there may have been changes since the last reckoning in that Syria ousted a brutal dictator in favor of an Islamist mystery man but... again... there seems to be a distinct dislike of Islamic states (rich or poor, Sunni or Shiite) at CEO World.

While both Saudi Arabia and Egypt were ranked NOT FREE by FH, they were further towards the end at CEO World which, in a notable anomaly, called Cuba the 51^st best of its 197 as opposed to its NOT FREE designation. Perhaps the businesspeople see financial opportunity there, as opposed to China

And, because inquiring minds will want to know the interior ranking of American metropolitan areas, and because conservatives frequently allege that liberty leads to license, we have found... and so present to you and the Joneses of America... a ranking of the most sinful cities in America, as compiled by Mental Floss (ATTACHMENT FOURTEEN) and Wallet Hub (ATTACHMENT FIFTEEN)... both of which agree with each other and with popular prejudices that the most sinful municipality is... surprise?... Las Vegas.

Contrary to popular prejudice, however, the big Number Two is not shoddy but sinful Atlantic City, New Jersey... (in fact, the stomping grounds of Trump’s seedier casino alleys and the byways of the Boss is not even ranked at all!) Whether this is because its resident population is a relatively low 38K m/l (although the sinseekers include Juneau, Alaska with six thousand wicked souls less) or its grimy Jersey nature fails to elicit even offense is a mystery known only to the flossers and walleteers.

Instead, the second most vicious city in America is... Houston (whose own grime is a more oily sheen). The least sinful is Columbia, Maryland – a planned community that serves wealthy suburbanites who work in Baltimore or D.C. (Washington being named the “angriest city in America”).

So, one may well conclude that America is in the toilet and at risk of being flushed down the drain. There are so many bad omens these days (today, for example, President Trump said that Somali migrants in Minnesota came from Hell, not Africa, and were... thus... DEMONS. Partisans contend that you cannot demonize actual demons so it is best to blow them up, be they hostile or not. Not surprisingly, the rest of the world is pivoting towards China... which may rank lower on some indices like freedom and equality, but they still make stuff.

Against this sense of American decline and doom, and an impending death of democracy, the occasional optimist still fights on and, re this: we have opinium in the New Atlantis (ATTACHMENT SIXTEEN) from Charles C. Mann who defends Man, the American Man and, indeed, all AmeriCANS in his essay “Why We Are Better Off Than a Century Ago.”

In describing a wedding wherein the groom “was a career military man from a conservative Catholic family”; the bride’s family “liberal and Jewish”, he acknowledges our partisan differences but maintains that the happy couple — “like all the inhabitants of the United States and every other Western nation — stand together atop a mountain of successful efforts to improve human well-being... each and every one has benefited from the great systems built up in the last century and a half that deliver to us good food, clean water, instant electric power, and advances in health.”

Specififying his own ailment, easily cured with pills and vaxxes, Mister Mann then looks back a century to 1924, when the son of President Calvin Coolidge died from an infected blister on his toe, remarking how far we have come and what progress we have made... not only in medicine, but in the Green Revolution that reduced world hunger or modern anti-pollution techniques that cleaned up rivers and water supplies all over Europe and North America. Positing the optimist Condorcet, executed in the French Revolution with the pessimist, Adorno, he notes that the latter “...never traveled to Africa, Asia, Latin America, and so did not see what it meant to have the gift of electric power” or viewed the deep declines in child and infant mortality. (See websites OurWorldinData.com/child-mortality and OurWorldinData.com/maternal-mortality)

“Everywhere these and other improvements have occurred for the same reasons: better nutrition, cleaner water, more energy for heating and cooking, advances in public health.”

True, great advance necessitate great expenses in maintaining and improving bequests from the past – ranging from sewage treatment plants to the power grid to upholding and upgrading our medical, agricultural and urban infrastructures. “In all the immediate tumult of a politically divided society the need to continue these efforts for the common good can be forgotten... Mister Mann concludes, charging America and the world, at least the West, that “(as) our ancestors gave us the food, water, energy, and public health systems that undergird our world; keeping them going is how we can pass on those gifts to our children.”

	IN the NEWS: NOVEMBER 27^TH to DECEMBER 3^RD, 2025
Thursday, November 27, 2025 Dow: Closed for Thanksgiving	It’s Thanksgiving. President Trump pardons turkeys Gobble and Waddle; and Macy’s holds its 99^th parade. Washington Natl. Guard shooter identified as Ramallah Lakanwa, a former operative with the American CIA’s elite Zero Unit in Afghanistan who came to America with other Afghan collaborators after the Taliban routed our troops in Kabul. Trump, of course, blames Biden for 1) the Afghan disaster, and 2) bringing in all of their helpers without “proper” vetting. The possible presence of more terrorists – Afghan, other or domestic, leads to high security on the Macy’s parade route, but there are only balloons and a cheering crowd. So the only real danger for Thanksgiving is the weather... blizzards in the upper Midwest snarl highways and cause airline delays and cancellations. An Atlanta flight is halted by a crazy passenger opening the slide on takeoff, but he’s not a terrorist... just crazy. While Americans stuff themselves and watch football on TV, Bad Vlad shouts “Nyet!!” to Trump’s TACO on the “peace deal” with Ukraine – now both sides hate the USA. Jakarta overtakes Tokyo as the world’s most populous city (see above) while Pope Leo’s Thanksgiving message is to “say thank you to somebody” in... Turkey!
Friday, November 28, 2025 Dow: 47,716.42	It’s Black Friday. Most Americans pivot from shopping for stuffing their bellies to shopping for the next round of holidays upcoming. Also enjoying the holiday... porch pirates. Natl. Guardswoman Sarah Beckstrom, 20, dies; 24-year-old Andrew Wolfe remains in critical condition. Charges against Lakanwa are upgraded to murder. President Trump ramps up war against immigrants, saying that no more Afghans will be accepted into the America and those already here will be re-vetted and, if failing, sent back to Afghanistan (where, Democrats say, they face certain execution). Migrants from some other “unstable” countries are also to be sent back... Yemen, Somalia and Venezuela noted. Ukraine under fire as Putin bombs cities and power plants, auguring a long and freezing winter. The peace process takes another hit as President Zelenskyy’s Number One Advisor is being investigated for corruption. Those Uke authorities not fighting in the East raid Andriy Smyrnov’s home. Also being investigated – the Hong Kong hirise fire (deaths up to 128 with hundreds more missing).
Saturday, November 29, 2025 Dow: Closed	And now... Small Business Saturday! Black Friday sales continue through to Cyber Monday and sales are up 5% over 2024 despite Trump’s tariffs. AI shopping up 725% over the past year, despite the prevalence of scams; retailers are hoping for a total tally of a trillion dollars. Worst Midwest blizzard in four years closes roads from Chicago to Minnesota and all the way down to St. Louis. Airline closings mean that Thanksgiving visitors will have to stay over with relatives for perhaps several days. Trouble predicted. Despite its problems on the battlefield and in the courts, Ukraine strikes back and uses its Sea Baby drones to sink Putin’s “shadow fleet” of tankers transporting prohibited fossil fuels to be sold to raise more money for the war. While Russian robots continue falling down and breaking down a Chinese “humanois” sets a sort of record by walking for 66 miles.
Sunday, November 30, 2025 Dow: Closed	It’s National Mousse Day. Also, Woody Allen’s 90^th birthday. Police warn that burglars, scammers and porch pirates are targeting travelers, as is the weather. They say not to leave guns in plain sight or announce plans over social media. New scams target online payments and retailers gouge shoppers with “dynamic pricing”. For talkshow Saturday, HomeSecSec Kristi Noem calls the Washington Post “traitorous” and Biden bears sole responsibility for Lakanwa’s rampage. She also says wonderful President Trump is being persecuted by “activist” judges. In reply, Sen Chris van Hollen (D-Md) says the Trump administration was the last to have vetted Lakanwa who was radicalized either in Afghanistan or America and “collective punishment” of all Afghan migrants (most of whom worked with America) and adds that Hegseth’s bombing of Venezuelan boat people survivors is a war crime, as would be intervention without Congressional declaration of war. Tormented Rep. Don Bacon (R-Nb) expresses skepticism on Trump’s plans, including his Ukraine proposal that he calls a “surrender document”. On the ABC roundtable, Donna Brazile says Speaker Mike is “underwater”... a firefighter, always putting out fires. Chris Christie says that Djonald UnPopular is “on the wrong side of issues.” Voters want him to just shut up. Faiz Shakir says “the public wants a check on Donald Trump... (he’s) not thinking about me; he's thinking about Saudi King and rich people” and Frank Lutz says it’s all about affordability – don’t worry about the news, most people have stopped watching. And, on “Face the Nation” CBS analyst Samantha Vinograd says Afghan refugees went through extensive vetting but the Afghan regime let those inevitable “bad actors” into the USA. Kisti Noem says Lakanwa was radicalized because he’d lost his job due to visa red tape.
Monday, December 1, 2025 Dow: 47,289.33	It’s Cyber Monday. Laura Sanchez Bezos, of the Google Cyber-Empire, gives her now-annual hundred million dollar grant to her “Family Fund” to fight homelessness among pregnant women. It’s also the official end of the Atlantic Hurricane season and, for the first time in a decade, there are no named storms striking America. An unnamed storm, however, blankets Chicago with snow and sub-freezing temperatures and is slowly crawling east towards Washington, then New York. Roads are snarled with snow and ice, accidents endemic and the five hundred airline cancellations in Chicago are being repeated at La Guardia and Newark. DefSec (or WarSec) Hegseth faces blowback over his orders to kill the survivors of one of his Venezueal drug boat strikes. Sen, Tim Kaine (D-Va) calls it a war crime and some Republicans agree that there ought to be a domestic investigation before foreign governments leap in. Hegseth says that the people on the boat during the first strike and two survivors clinging to wreckage for the second strike were terrorists and the decision to strike was made by Admiral Mitch Brady. Critics point out the hypocrisy of Trump, his cabinet and their minions in throwing Brady under the bus for dealing out summary death penalties to dope smugglers after he pardons former Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez. POTUS calls his 45 year sentence “excessive”.
Tuesday, December 2, 2025 Dow: 47,474.46	It’s Giving Tuesday and also Travel Tuesday... but the massive snows now covering Pittsburgh and Albany, New York (as well as alternate waves of snow and rain turn to black ice making roads slippery) are keeping some penned up with relatives losing patience with them. Chicago starts digging out from under over a foot of snow. Cyber-CEO Michael Dell sees and trumps Ms. Beezos with his Giving Tuesday 6.25 billion to the “Trump Fund” so as to give all newborns $1,000 and living children under five $250 to be invested under terms and conditions towards their higher education or home purchase. Trump, Hegseth, AyGe Pam Bondi and Home Sec Sec Kristi Noem escalate their war on migrants with ICE agents braving the ice storms to round up aliens. Attention pivots to Muslims in Minnesota (like Rep. Ilhan Omar) and a Noem gnome calls for a travel ban on sixteen countries “flooding America with killers, leeches and entitlement junkies.” Trump also defends cutting SNAP benefits to blue states that don’t impose work requirements – 20 hours per week – while deriding concerns about the e-con-me as a “Democratic hoax”.
Wednesday, December 3, 2025 Dow: 47,882.90	Escalating his attacks on Minnesota, Djonald UnMinnied calls its quarter million Somalis “garbage” who “come from Hell” (a/k/a DEMONS). Mayos Jacob Bray (Minnesota) and Melvin Carter (St. Paul) denounce Presidential racism while Omar says that Trump’s obsession with her is “creepy”. The White House (still in ruins) ups its listing of “countries of concern” from which migrants will not be accepted to 19 and then, by sundown, 30. Spieler-dealers Jared and Witkoff slink home from Moscow after failing to change Bad Vlad’s mind about conquering Ukraine. But at least they had a fancy dinner Putin says that if Europe wants war, he’ll give it to them. When will America’s politicians bring back civil defense drills and the draft? In Chicago, after da Bears’ coach Ben Johnson makes a bet to tear off his shirt amidst the subzero temps and snow, frozen and hungry Chicagoans stand in line for hours for a free hotdog. And in the courts, the DOJ wants to refile charges against James Comey; Luigi Mangione cries out that his civil rights were violated; Costco sues Trump over tariffs; Perry death doc Salvador Valencia gets 2 1/2 years for Special K prescriptions; El Chapo Junior pleads guilty to drug smuggling; Megan Thee Stallion wins lawsuit against blogger, families and survivors of Louisville crash sue UPS and Starbucks settles with broke baristas for $39M earthbucks.
It was a sleepy Thanksgiving week, indices stuffed like holiday diners and, so, really unable to do anything but nap and/or watch the world go by on their devices. The Dow bounced about: up, then down, then up again – only a pittance, but enough to tush push the Don into a teeny tiny net positive.

THE DON JONES INDEX

CHART of CATEGORIES w/VALUE ADDED to EQUAL BASELINE of 15,000

(REFLECTING… approximately… DOW JONES INDEX of June 27, 2013)

Gains in indices as improved are noted in GREEN. Negative/harmful indices in RED as are their designation. (Note – some of the indices where the total went up created a realm where their value went down... and vice versa.) See a further explanation of categories HERE

ECONOMIC INDICES

(60%)

CATEGORY

VALUE

BASE

RESULTS by PERCENTAGE

SCORE

OUR SOURCES and COMMENTS

INCOME

(24%)

6/17/13 revised 1/1/22

LAST

CHANGE

NEXT

LAST WEEK

THIS WEEK

THE WEEK’S CLOSING STATS...

Wages (hrly. Per cap)

1350 points

11/27/25

+0.38%

12/25

1,853.22

https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/average-hourly-earnings 36.67*

* Average hourly earnings for all employees on US private nonfarm payrolls rose by 9 cents, or 0.2% over a month, to $36.67 in September 2025, slowing from an upwardly revised 0.4% gain in August and just below market forecasts of a 0.3% increase. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 8 cents, or 0.3%, to $31.53. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.8% in September, matching August's revised pace and slightly above analysts' estimates of 3.7%. source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Median Inc. (yearly)

600

11/27/25

+0.03%

12/11/25

1,151.83

1,152.18

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 52,347* 363

Unempl. (BLS – in mi)

600

11/27/25

+0.28%

10/25*

530.25

http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000/ 4.3* 4.4% (SEPT.)

Official (DC – in mi)

300

11/27/25

+0.10%

12/11/25

203.10

202.89

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 7,722 730

Unofficl. (DC – in mi)

300

11/27/25

+0.04%

12/11/25

243.27

243.17

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 14,135 141

Workforce Participation

Number

Percent

300

11/27/25

+0.13%

-0.08%

12/11/25

297.14

296.90

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ In 163,956 977 Out 104,418 447

Total: 268,374 424

61.138 61.089

WP % (ycharts)*

150

11/27/25

-0.16%

10/25*

150.71

https://ycharts.com/indicators/labor_force_participation_rate 62.30 *

OUTGO

(15%)

An official website of the United States government

census.gov Notification
Due to the lapse of federal funding, portions of this website are not being updated. Any inquiries submitted via www.census.gov will not be answered until appropriations are enacted.

Total Inflation

1050

11/27/25

+0.4%

10/25*

927.45

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +0.3

Food

300

11/27/25

+0.5%

10/25*

262.59

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +0.2

Gasoline

300

11/27/25

+1.9%

10/25*

255.11

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +4.1

Medical Costs

300

11/27/25

-0.1%

10/25*

274.20

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +0.3

Shelter

300

11/27/25

+0.4%

10/25*

250.63

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +0.2

WEALTH

An official website of the United States government

census.gov
Notification: Due to the lapse of federal funding, portions of this website are not being updated. Any inquiries submitted via www.census.gov will not be answered until appropriations are enacted.

Dow Jones Index

300

11/27/25

+0.96%

12/11/25

361.08

364.55

https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/index/ 47,427.12 882.90

Home (Sales)

(Valuation)

150

11/27/25

+1.015%

-1.75%

10/25*

125.77

272.70

125.77

272.70

https://www.nar.realtor/research-and-statistics

Sales (M): 4.10 Valuations (K): 415.2*

Millionaires (New Category)

150

11/27/25

+0.025%

12/11/25

134.40

134.43

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 23,873 879

Paupers (New Category)

150

11/27/25

+0.011%

12/11/25

133.46

133.47

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 37,234 230

*Due to the lapse of federal funding, portions of this website are not being updated. Any inquiries submitted via www.census.gov will not be answered until appropriations are enacted.

GOVERNMENT

(10%)

Revenue (trilns.)

300

11/27/25

+0.04%

12/11/25

459.06

459.23

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 5,265 267

Expenditures (tr.)

300

11/27/25

+0.03%

12/11/25

295.25

295.17

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 7,033 035

National Debt tr.)

450

11/27/25

+0.23%

12/11/25

353.07

352.27

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 38,347 434

Aggregate Debt (tr.)

450

11/27/25

+0.06%

12/11/25

377.05

376.84

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 105,567 624

TRADE

(5%)

Foreign Debt (tr.)

300

11/27/25

+0.06%

12/11/25

257.88

257.72

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 9,411 417

Exports (in billions)

150

11/27/25

+1.15%

10/25*

174.76

*https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/current/index.html 280.8

Imports (in billions))

150

11/27/25

-5.94%

10/25*

151.56

*https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/current/index.html 340.4

Trade Surplus/Deficit (blns.)

150

11/27/25

-23.12%

10/25*

253.88

*https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/current/index.html 59.6

*An official website of the United States government

census.gov

Notification: Due to the lapse of federal funding, portions of this website are not being updated. Any inquiries submitted via www.census.gov will not be answered until appropriations are enacted.

SOCIAL INDICES

(40%)

ACTS of MAN

(12%)

World Affairs

450

11/27/25

+0.1%

12/11/25

469.14

469.61

American critics, even some Republicans, point out hypocrisy in Trump pardoning former Honduran President Jose Orlando Hernandez for drug dealing and corruption after blowing up Venezuelan boats (below). Pope Leo travels Thanksgiving weekend to talk... in Turkey!

War and terrorism

300

11/27/25

-0.2%

12/11/25

287.76

287.18

DC shooting upgraded to murder after guardswoman Beckstrom dies, colleague Wolf still critical. Politicians play blame game. Putin says no deal on Ukraine because corruption proves Zelenskyy is “illegitimate”. War crimes investigators probe Israeli killing of surrendering Palestinians and Hegseth orders to kill Venezuelan boat survivors.

Politics

450

11/27/25

-0.2%

12/11/25

460.68

459.76

Dealmaker Witkoff and tagalong Jared off to Moscow to present Trump’s revised peace plan to Mad Vlad. They fail. At home: Trump, DefSec Pete and Admiral Brady play blame game over Venezuelan war crimes. Republican wins Tennessee special election.

Economics

450

11/27/25

+0.1

12/11/25

430.50

430.93

Shutdown stock stats find biggest drop in value of the dollar since summer. Black Friday, Small Business Saturday and Cyber Monday sales up over 2024 despite tariffs but Denny’s closing 160 outlets. TVconmystics say best deals are on appliances, tech, gift cards and clothing.. Prada buys Versace for $1.4M cheap. Campbell’s exec fired for saying its soups are for “poor people”.

Crime

150

11/27/25

-0.2%

12/11/25

208.93

208.51

Bad week for the kiddos! Fugitive football coach accused of collecting child porn. Man, 73, accused of trying to buy 10 month old girl on an auction site. Four killed (three children) 10 wounded by shootings at family party in Stockton, CA. Thieves steal rare wine in Virginia.

ACTS of GOD

(6%)

Environment/Weather

450

11/27/25

-0.2%

12/11/25

284.09

283.52

2025 hurricane season ends with no strikes on the USA (but destruction in Jamaica), Midwest blizzards snarl holiday traffic on land and air. Worst storm in Chicago in four years.

Disasters

450

11/27/25

12/11/25

460.23

Hong Kong hirise fire blamed on cheap bamboo scaffolding; 8 sloppy contractors arrested. Over 1,000 killed in South Asian flooding. Two California children survive coyote attack.

LIFESTYLE/JUSTICE INDEX

(15%)

Science, Tech, Education

600

11/27/25

-0.1%

12/11/25

616.05

615.43

Chinese robot walks 66 miles, Russian android keeps falling down. AI will triple energy consumption by 2030. Lightning detected on Mars.

Equality (econ/social)

600

11/27/25

+0.3%

12/11/25

673.07

675.09

Lauren Sanchez (Bezos) donates another “transformative” $100M grant to help the homeless – especially pregnant women – and she’s trumped (but not by Donald, by the Dell family which donates six billion to young children after they’re born).

Health

600

11/27/25

-0.2%

12/11/25

418.40

417.56

New H3N2 flu strain in Japan and the U.K. migrating to USA. RFK Junior’s MWAAHAA HHS says Covid vaxxing kills children. TV docs decry politicalization. Holiday candy bark recalled for containing wheat and peanuts, shredded cheese for metallic shavings.

Freedom and Justice

450

11/27/25

+0.1%

12/11/25

481.13

481.61

Replacement DA drops Fani Willis case against Trump. Jury hears Megan Thee Stallion’s deepfake slander – other civil and criminal cases rumble on, as above. Wrongfully conviced Louisiana man free after 30 years on Death Row.

CULTURAL and MISCELLANEOUS INCIDENTS

(6%)

Cultural incidents

450

11/27/25

+0.1%

12/11/25

572.27

572.84

“Zootopia Two” has record US and worldwide B.O. overtaking KPOP Dragon Fighters” and “Wicked Two” while preparing for “Avatar 3”. Kennedy Center’s 12/23 gala to honor George Strait, Sylvester Stallone and K.I.S.S, coach. Lane Kiffin jumps from Ole Miss to rival LSU as fans boo and angry drivers try to run him off the road. Rap war twixt 50 Cent and Diddy escalate to near Tupac/Biggie lethality.

RIP: golfer Fuzzy Zoeller, playwright Tom Stoppard. R(etire)IP: rassler John Cena to be a full time actor.

Miscellaneous incidents

450

11/27/25

12/11/25

543.40

WalMart starts drone deliveries. Idiot in Brazil enters lion cage, gets killed and eaten. Raccoon found passed out next to liquor shop toilet after ‘drunken rampage’ goes viral.

The Don Jones Index for the week of November 27^th through December 3^rd, 2025 was UP 2.15 points

The Don Jones Index is sponsored by the Coalition for a New Consensus: retired Congressman and Independent Presidential candidate Jack “Catfish” Parnell, Chairman; Brian Doohan, Administrator. The CNC denies, emphatically, allegations that the organization, as well as any of its officers (including former Congressman Parnell, environmentalist/America-Firster Austin Tillerman and cosmetics CEO Rayna Finch) and references to Parnell’s works, “Entropy and Renaissance” and “The Coming Kill-Off” are fictitious or, at best, mere pawns in the web-serial “Black Helicopters” – and promise swift, effective legal action against parties promulgating this and/or other such slanders.

Comments, complaints, donations (especially SUPERPAC donations) always welcome at feedme@generisis.com or: speak@donjonesindex.com.

ATTACHMENT ONE – FROM WORLD POPULATION REVIEW

HAPPINESS INDEX 2024

Countries ranked from gladdest to saddest are...


	Finland	7.74
	Denmark	7.58
	Iceland	7.53
	Sweden	7.34
	Israel	7.34
	Netherlands	7.32
	Norway	7.3
	Luxembourg	7.12
	Australia	7.06
	Switzerland	7.06
	New Zealand	7.03
	Costa Rica	6.96
	Kuwait	6.95
	Austria	6.91
	Canada	6.9
	Belgium	6.89
	Ireland	6.84
	Czechia	6.82
	Lithuania	6.82
	United Kingdom	6.75
	Slovenia	6.74
	United States	6.73
	United Arab Emirates	6.73
	Germany	6.72
	Mexico	6.68
	France	6.61
	Uruguay	6.61
	Saudi Arabia	6.59
	Singapore	6.52
	Taiwan	6.5
	Romania	6.49
	El Salvador	6.47
	Estonia	6.45
	Poland	6.44
	Spain	6.42
	Serbia	6.41
	Chile	6.36
	Panama	6.36
	Malta	6.35
	Italy	6.32
	Guatemala	6.29
	Nicaragua	6.28
	Brazil	6.27
	Slovakia	6.26
	Latvia	6.23
	Uzbekistan	6.2
	Argentina	6.19
	Kazakhstan	6.19
	Cyprus	6.07
	Japan	6.06
	South Korea	6.06
	Philippines	6.05
	Vietnam	6.04
	Portugal	6.03
	Hungary	6.02
	Thailand	5.98
	Malaysia	5.98
	Paraguay	5.98
	China	5.97
	Honduras	5.97
	Bahrain	5.96
	Croatia	5.94
	Greece	5.93
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	5.88
	Libya	5.87
	Peru	5.84
	Jamaica	5.84
	Dominican Republic	5.82
	Moldova	5.82
	Mauritius	5.82
	Russia	5.79
	Bolivia	5.78
	Ecuador	5.73
	Montenegro	5.71
	Colombia	5.7
	Mongolia	5.7
	Venezuela	5.61
	Indonesia	5.57
	Bulgaria	5.46
	Armenia	5.46
	South Africa	5.42
	North Macedonia	5.37
	Algeria	5.36
	Hong Kong	5.32
	Albania	5.3
	Tajikistan	5.28
	Mozambique	5.22
	Republic of the Congo	5.22
	Georgia	5.19
	Iraq	5.17
	Nepal	5.16
	Laos	5.14
	Gabon	5.11
	Ivory Coast	5.08
	Guinea	5.02
	Turkey	4.98
	Senegal	4.97
	Iran	4.92
	Azerbaijan	4.89
	Nigeria	4.88
	Palestine	4.88
	Ukraine	4.87
	Cameroon	4.87
	Namibia	4.83
	Morocco	4.8
	Pakistan	4.66
	Niger	4.56
	Burkina Faso	4.55
	Mauritania	4.51
	Gambia	4.49
	Kenya	4.47
	Chad	4.47
	Tunisia	4.42
	Benin	4.38
	Uganda	4.37
	Myanmar	4.35
	Cambodia	4.34
	Ghana	4.29
	Liberia	4.27
	Madagascar	4.23
	Mali	4.23
	Togo	4.21
	Jordan	4.19
	India	4.05
	Egypt	3.98
	Sri Lanka	3.9
	Bangladesh	3.89
	Ethiopia	3.86
	Tanzania	3.78
	Comoros	3.57
	Yemen	3.56
	Zambia	3.5
	Eswatini	3.5
	Malawi	3.42
	Botswana	3.38
	Zimbabwe	3.34
	DR Congo	3.3
	Sierra Leone	3.25
	Lesotho	3.19
	Lebanon	2.71
	Afghanistan	1.72

· Happiness rankings are three-year averages. For example, 2023 rankings compile data from 2020-2022, while 2022 rankings compile data from 2019-2021.

· Happiness rankings are determined by analyzing comprehensive Gallup polling data from 149 countries in six particular categories: gross domestic product per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make your own life choices, generosity of the general population, and perceptions of internal and external corruption levels.

· The following countries lack survey information in 2022, so their 2023 averages are based on the 2020 and 2021 survey: Zambia, Uganda, Turkey, Tajikistan, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Slovakia, Singapore, Serbia, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Myanmar, Montenegro, Malaysia, Laos, Iraq, China, Burkina Faso, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bahrain, Algeria

· The following countries lack survey information in 2021, so their 2022 averages are based on the 2019 and 2020 survey: Yemen, Turkmenistan, Rwanda, Palestine, Niger, Mauritania, Madagascar, Luxembourg, Libya, Liberia, Lesotho, Kuwait, , Guatemala, Gambia, Eswatini, Comoros, Chad, Botswana, Belarus, Azerbaijan.

Snapshot

· Happiness is measured using six categories including GDP per capita, social support, and healthy life expectancy, among others.

· Northern European countries dominate the top of the happiness rankings, reflecting strong social support systems and high standards of living.

· Finland is ranked as the happiest country in the world in 2024, with Denmark and Iceland following closely behind.

Since 2002, the World Happiness Report has used statistical analysis to determine the world’s happiest countries. In its 2024 update, the report concluded that Finland is the happiest country in the world. To determine the world’s happiest country, researchers analyzed comprehensive Gallup polling data from 143 countries for the past three years, specifically monitoring performance in six particular categories: gross domestic product per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make your own life choices, generosity of the general population, and perceptions of internal and external corruption levels.

In order to properly compare each country’s data, the researchers created a fictional country—christened Dystopia—filled with “the world’s least-happy people.” They then set Dystopia as the rock bottom value in each of the six categories and measured the scores of the real-world countries against this value. All six variables were then blended to create a single combined score for each country. Six out of the top seven happiest countries in the world for 2024 were Northern European countries. Finland took top honors—for the tenth year in a row—with an overall score of 7.741, followed (in order) by Denmark (7.583), Iceland (7.525), Sweden (7.344), Israel (7.341), the Netherlands (7.319), and Norway (7.302).

The Top 10 Happiest Countries in the World (World Happiness Score 2024)

The least happy country in the world for 2024 was Afghanistan, whose 143rd-place ranking of 1.721 can be attributed in part to a low life expectancy rate, low gross domestic product rates per capita, and perhaps most importantly, the recent Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. Rounding out the bottom five are Lebanon (2.707), Lesotho (3.186), Sierra Leone (3.245), and DR Congo (3.295).

The Top 7 Happiest Countries in the World for 2024

1. Finland

Finland ranks as the world’s happiest country based on the 2024 report, with a score of 7.741 out of a total possible score of 10. The citizens of Finland have strong feelings of communal support and mutual trust that not only helped secure the #1 ranking but also helped the country as a whole navigate the COVID-19 pandemic. During that trying time, Finlanders felt strongly that they were free to make their own choices and showed minimal suspicion of government corruption. Both of these factors are strong contributors to overall happiness.

2. Denmark

The second-happiest country in the world is Denmark, which scores 7.583. Denmark’s values for each of the six variables are quite comparable to those of Finland. In fact, Denmark has even outscored the leader in multiple categories, including GDP per capita and generosity. The country also scored the highest in happiness among older adults (60+).

3. Iceland

Iceland ranks as 2024’s third-happiest country in the entire world, with a total score of 7.525. Of the top seven happiest countries around the globe, Iceland boasts the highest feeling of social support. Iceland also had the second-highest generosity score in the top seven, though it’s worth noting that it ranked only 11th worldwide. Iceland is also a happier country for the youngsters at #4 than Finland (#7) and Denmark (#5).

4. Sweden

Fourth-place Sweden (7.344) ranks only #18 for happiness among the younger people (aged below 30). Yet, it is also #4 in older adults’ happiness. In fact, according to the report, along with Norway, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain, Sweden is a country where the old are now significantly happier than the young, while in Portugal, Greece, and Israel the opposite is true.

5. Israel

Fifth in the ranks of the happiest countries with a score of 7.341, Israel showed emotional resilience in the wake of the October 7th attack. Israel occupies the second spot for the happiness of the young people, just behind Lithuania. However, conversely to Sweden and Norway, the older Israelis are significantly less happy than their young fellow citizens, the country ranking #18 for senior citizens’ happiness.

6. Netherlands

Edging out Norway for the honor of sixth-happiest country in the world is the Netherlands (also known as Holland to many tulip lovers), with a score of 7.319. The Netherlands scored higher in the generosity category than any other top-seven country and also had the highest GDP.

7. Norway

The citizens of seventh-place Norway (7.302) feel they are being well cared for by their government thanks to universal healthcare and free college tuition. Norwegians also enjoy a healthy work-life balance, working an average of 27 hours per week vs. 36 hours per week in the United States. Additionally, Norway has a low crime rate and a strong sense of community among its citizens—a quality it shares with many in the top seven.

Honorable Mention: Bhutan

Bhutan was previously excluded from the 2021 report due to a technicality: each country’s scores were based upon detailed Gallup polls, but Gallup did not conduct polling in Bhutan during the required timeframe. In the 1970s, the 4th King of Bhutan stated, “Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross Domestic Product.” Since then, the idea of Gross National Happiness (GNH) has influenced Bhutan’s development policy. Its GNH Index value increased from 0.743 in 2010 to 0.781 in 2022. With a focus on mindfulness and well-being, Bhutan may soon give some of its Northern European counterparts a run for their money in terms of people’s happiness.

ATTACHMENT TWO – FROM PBS

FINLAND RANKED HAPPIEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD. THE U.S. FALLS TO ITS LOWEST-EVER POSITION

World Mar 20, 2025 12:39 PM EST

HELSINKI (AP) — Finland is the happiest country in the world for the eighth year in a row, according to the World Happiness Report 2025 published Thursday.

Other Nordic countries are also once again at the top of the happiness rankings in the annual report published by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford. Besides Finland, Denmark, Iceland and Sweden remain the top four and in the same order.

Aino Virolainen, a digital commerce director, has lived abroad but always wants to return home to Finland.

“This is where I always want to come back to and where I want to, you know, grow my kids and grow old myself,” Virolainen said Thursday. “And I think it’s because, you know, the peace and the quietness and the trustworthiness. You know, how we speak directly and the nature, of course. It’s clean and the air is fresh and what’s there not to love?”

Country rankings were based on answers people give when asked to rate their own lives. The study was done in partnership with the analytics firm Gallup and the U.N. Sustainable Development Solutions Network.

“Happiness isn’t just about wealth or growth — it’s about trust, connection and knowing people have your back,” said Jon Clifton, the CEO of Gallup. “If we want stronger communities and economies, we must invest in what truly matters: each other.”

SHARING MEALS AND HAVING SOMEBODY TO COUNT ON

Researchers say that beyond health and wealth, some factors that influence happiness sound deceptively simple: sharing meals with others, having somebody to count on for social support, and household size. In Mexico and Europe, for example, a household size of four to five people predicts the highest levels of happiness, the study said.

Believing in the kindness of others is also much more closely tied to happiness than previously thought, according to the latest findings.

As an example, the report suggests that people who believe that others are willing to return their lost wallet is a strong predictor of the overall happiness of a population.

Nordic nations rank among the top places for expected and actual return of lost wallets, the study found.

Alexandra Peth, a managing director, said Finnish culture prioritizes trust and connection.

Overall, researchers said that global evidence on the perceived and actual return of lost wallets shows that people are much too pessimistic about the kindness of their communities compared to reality — actual rates of wallet return are around twice as high as people expect.

THE U.S. FALLS TO ITS LOWEST-EVER POSITION IN THE HAPPINESS RANKING

While European countries dominate the top 20 in the ranking, there were some exceptions. Despite the war with Hamas, Israel came in at eighth. Costa Rica and Mexico entered the top 10 for the first time, ranking at sixth and 10th respectively.

When it comes to decreasing happiness — or growing unhappiness — the United States has dropped to its lowest-ever position at 24, having previously peaked at 11th place in 2012. The report states that the number of people dining alone in the United States has increased 53% over the past two decades.

The United Kingdom, at position 23, is reporting its lowest average life evaluation since the 2017 report.

Afghanistan is again ranked as the unhappiest country in the world, with Afghan women saying their lives are especially difficult.

Sierra Leone in western Africa is the second unhappiest, followed by Lebanon, ranking third from the bottom.

Almost one-fifth of young adults globally have no social support

In a concerning development, the study said that 19% of young adults across the world reported in 2023 that they have no one they could count on for social support. That is a 39% increase compared to 2006.

All countries are ranked according to their self-assessed life evaluations averaged over 2022 to 2024.

Experts in economics, psychology, sociology and beyond then seek to explain the variations across countries and over time using factors such as gross domestic product per capita, healthy life expectancy, having someone to count on, a sense of freedom, generosity and perceptions of corruption.

Jouni Purhonen, a Helsinki resident, called Finns “really calm.”

“So we have the time to think about things like live our life really peacefully and I guess easily, if you will,” Purhonen said.

Kirsten Grieshaber reported from Berlin.

ATTACHMENT THREE – FROM the GUARDIAN U.K.

AFGHANISTAN LIFE EXPECTANCY RISING AS HEALTHCARE IMPROVES, SURVEY SHOWS

Better access to healthcare in last decade has resulted in Afghans living longer and the infant mortality rate being cut

Wed 30 Nov 2011 10.15 EST

Afghans are living longer, fewer infants are dying and more women are surviving childbirth because healthcare has dramatically improved around the country in the past decade, according to a national survey.

It indicates that increased access to healthcare, more hospitals, clinics and doctors have significantly contributed to an overall improvement in the health of most Afghans.

"There have been many changes in the health sector and that is why we have so many positive changes," said Bashir Noormal, director general of the Afghan Public Health Institute.

Conducted by the Afghan health ministry in 2010, the survey was sponsored and funded by international organisations such as Unicef, the World Health Organisation, the US government and the British Department for International Development. It was the most comprehensive to date in Afghanistan, despite the exclusion of some rural areas in the south where international forces are fighting insurgents.

It showed that estimated life expectancy is up to between 62 and 64 years for both men and women. That compares with previous studies showing life expectancy from 47 to 50 – the latter figure reported by the WHO in 2009.

The survey also showed infant mortality had been cut in half in recent years, down to 97 deaths per 1,000 live births. It said one in 10 children in Afghanistan dies before they are five years old while previous surveys, carried out about five years ago, showed that one child in five died before reaching that age. The 2009 WHO study reported 199 deaths per 1,000 live births.

Women are also far more likely to survive pregnancy today. The survey indicated that the number of women who die from pregnancy related causes has dropped to one in every 50. Afghan women on average have just over five children, it said.

Still, one Afghan women dies about every two hours from pregnancy-related causes and while childhood mortality is decreasing, it remains the highest in the region. "We still have a very long way to go," said the Afghan public health minister, Suraya Dalil.

Recent improvements are visible at Kabul's Malalai Maternity hospital, the oldest and biggest in the capital, where Dr Hafeeza Amar Khail, the facility's medical director, said the hospital was "seeing decreasing mortality every year – last year, the year before and the year before that" and attributed the improvements to constant training.

"We now update doctors, midwives and all the staff of this hospital," she said. "We also have a midwife clinic and supply midwives to the provinces."

In 2003, there were just 450 health facilities in Afghanistan, including hospitals, according to the health ministry. Now, there are more than 1,800. The number of midwives has risen from 400 in 2003 to more than 2,000 in 2010, including many trained by organisations such as Save the Children.

"These encouraging results show that even in the most challenging and difficult environments, dramatic improvements in child mortality can be achieved," said David Skinner, country director for Save the Children.

Since 2003, about 20,000 community health workers have been trained nationwide by various groups and organisations. "As a result of this, and other community-level activities, fewer children are dying from preventable causes like diarrhoea or pneumonia," Skinner said.

The study, however, revealed significant gaps between rural and urban areas and showed that wealth and education play a key role in the level of healthcare Afghans receive.

The Afghan government, experts and sponsors say it also shows that development aid to Afghanistan in the health sector has worked, despite obstacles, bureaucracy and endemic corruption.

They argue that aid must not be reduced as the international community gradually trims the funds it provides the government as it starts drawing down the 130,000 troops currently in the country.

"International aid, which has funded many of the public health programmes in Afghanistan, has made a real difference, saving many children's lives," Skinner said. "Donor governments need to build on this success and continue to invest in Afghanistan in ways that directly benefit ordinary Afghans."

The World Bank said last week that Afghanistan will need billions of dollars in aid for a decade or more, especially if it hopes to fund services such as health. The health ministry receives the majority of its funding from foreign donors, with the biggest being the US, World Bank and European Union.

The World Bank said Afghanistan this year received $15.7bn (£10bn) in aid, representing more than 90% of its public spending.

The study surveyed 225,351 households and 47,848 women from ages 12 to 49. Survey organisers acknowledge that although it covered 87% of the country – 98% of the urban population and 84% of the rural one – the survey had data collection problems.

Because of security reasons, it did not include rural areas of three major southern provinces, Kandahar, Helmand and Zabul, which have seen some of the most intense fighting between insurgents and Afghan and Nato troops

ATTACHMENT FOUR – FROM CBS

2025 WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT SHOWS U.S. IN LOWEST-EVER SPOT ON LIST

By Nicole Brown Chau Updated on: March 20, 2025 / 11:30 AM EDT / CBS News

The United States this year fell to its lowest-ever place on the World Happiness Report, an annual survey published on International Day of Happiness. The 2025 report highlights the positive effects benevolence and social connections have on people's life satisfaction.

Finland remained the happiest nation for the eighth year in a row, while Mexico and Costa Rico ranked among the top 10 for the first time since the report was first published in 2012.

This year's report ranks 147 countries by their happiness levels — based on a population's average assessment of their quality of life from 2022 to 2024. Data from the Gallup World Poll, which asks respondents to evaluate their current life, is the primary source for the annual happiness rankings.

Researchers found that the belief in the kindness of others, as well as actively caring about and sharing with others, has strong effects on happiness, according to the report.

"Happiness isn't just about wealth or growth — it's about trust, connection and knowing people have your back," Jon Clifton, the CEO of Gallup, said in a statement.

U.S. RANKS 24TH, ITS LOWEST RANKING

The U.S. ranked 24th in the world, one place lower than its 2024 ranking. America previously peaked at 11th place in 2012.

One factor highlighted in the report was the increasing number of people who eat alone.

Data reviewed for the report indicates major differences in the rates of meal-sharing around the world, with sharing meals having a positive effect on wellbeing.

"The country-wide evolution of happiness and trust is highly associated with the rise in the likelihood of voting for anti-system parties in Western Europe and the United States," the authors wrote.

Mexico, Costa Rica enter the top 10 for first time

A key reason for the rise in Mexico and Costa Rica's rankings appeared to be family household size.

"Latin American societies, characterized by larger household sizes and strong family bonds, offer valuable lessons for other societies that seek higher and sustainable wellbeing," the report said.

The report compared Mexico to European countries, explaining that even though it is poorer, "larger households imply a potential advantage to build positive social interactions within the household, which could partially counterbalance the differences in income with Europe."

In Europe, 23% of households were single-person, while in Mexico, only 11% were single-person, according to data cited in the report.

"In both Mexico and Europe, the highest average life satisfaction is reported by people who live in households with four to five members," the authors wrote. "We also observe an inverted U-shaped relationship. Average life satisfaction is lower for people in single-person households as well as households with six or seven members."

DROPPED WALLET EXPERIMENT

The Gallup World Poll asked people in 2019 if they thought others would return a lost wallet, and found that "people are much too pessimistic about the benevolence of others."

"When wallets were dropped in the street by researchers, the proportion of returned wallets was far higher than people expected," the report said.

The belief that others would return the lost wallets also contributed to a country's ranking.

The Nordic nations, including Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, ranked in the top 10 countries and were among the top places for expected and actual return of lost wallets, the report said.

"The wallet data are so convincing because they confirm that people are much happier living where they think people care about each other," John F. Helliwell, an economist at the University of British Columbia and a founding editor of the World Happiness Report, said in a statement.

Additionally, the researchers found that globally, benevolent acts were 10% more frequent in 2024 than in 2017-2019.

AI OVERVIEW

· Global ranking: The U.S. dropped to 24th in the 2025 World Happiness Report.

· Historical data: The U.S. ranked 11th in 2012 but has steadily declined since.

· Contributing factors: The decline is linked to factors like a significant increase in Americans eating meals alone and a rise in "deaths of despair" (suicide, alcohol, and drug abuse).

· Age divide: The report noted a stark difference in happiness levels between age groups, with the U.S. ranking 10th for those over 60 but 62nd for those under 30.

· Data source: The rankings are based on the Gallup World Poll, which uses the Cantril Ladder metric to have people rate their lives on a scale of 0 to 10.

ATTACHMENT FIVE – FROM MIEUX DONNER

THE HAPPIEST COUNTRIES AND FINDINGS FROM THE WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT 2025

By Romain Barbe

Table of Contents

1. Key insights:

2. What are the top 25 happiest countries in 2025?

3. Some of the world’s happiest countries buy wellbeing for WAY cheaper than others

4. Some of the world’s happiest countries in 2025 are also the most generous

5. People are kinder than we think

6. Giving to others: How to convert your money into greater happiness for others

7. What You Can Do Today

8. You might also want to read...

Key insights:

· Top happiest countries in 2025: Finland retains its title as the world’s happiest country, with Nordic countries dominating the top spots. The UK and the United States barely make the top 25, while France drops to 33rd.

· Generosity and happiness: The happiest countries are also among the most generous. A positive correlation exists between international aid and happiness, suggesting that countries spreading happiness beyond their borders are not only happier but also more benevolent.

· Some countries buy wellbeing more efficiently: Latin American countries like Costa Rica and Mexico outperform wealthier nations in terms of life satisfaction, even though their income levels are lower;

· Trust and kindness: People’s perceptions of others’ generosity tend to be pessimistic. In reality, acts of kindness, like returning a lost wallet, happen more often than expected, which significantly boosts happiness. Trust in others is strongly associated with wellbeing, even more so than factors like income or employment.

· There is a specific chapter of the report dedicated to giving to others:

o The cost-effectiveness of charities can be measured and compared with a standardised metric of value: Wellbeing-Years (WELLBYs).

o This is the first global review of published evidence about the cost-effectiveness of charities at increasing happiness.

o The cost-effectiveness of charities varies dramatically. The best charities in our sample are hundreds of times better at increasing happiness per euro than others. The most effective ones may even surprise you, as they tend to outperform larger, more well-known organizations.

o The message for donors is: you can make a far greater difference at no extra cost by funding more cost-effective charities; you can also give with the confidence that researchers have impartially evaluated the charities for you and compared them by something that really matters: their impact on people’s happiness.

What are the top 25 happiest countries in 2025?

The World Happiness Report, the world’s foremost publication on global wellbeing and how to improve it, have just shared their 2025 rankings, based on self-reported happiness. The report is published by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford, in partnership with Gallup, the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network. The Happier Lives Institute, a research organisation about wellbeing, also wrote a chapter for the report! Read on to learn more.

Once again, the Nordic countries claim the top spots, with Finland retaining its title as the world’s happiest country. These wealthy, homogenous, high trust states with generous welfare systems continue to dominate the rankings (we assume it doesn’t have to do with the pickled fish).

The UK and United States may be countries that pride themselves on their exceptionalism, but they are not exceptionally satisfied with life – barely making the top 25, France is ranked 33rd, losing 6 ranks compared to the previous edition.

Happier Lives Institute figure, based on data presented in the 2025 World Happiness Report. The happiness levels are an average of the years 2022, 2023, and 2024. The error bars are 95% confidence intervals.

Complete list:

1	Finland	7,736
2	Denmark	7,521
3	Iceland	7,515
4	Sweden	7,345
5	Netherlands	7,306
6	Costa Rica	7,274
7	Norway	7,262
8	Israel	7,234
9	Luxembourg	7,122
10	Mexico	6,979
11	Australia	6,974
12	New Zealand	6,952
13	Switzerland	6,935
14	Belgium	6,910
15	Ireland	6,889
16	Lithuania	6,829
17	Austria	6,810
18	Canada	6,803
19	Slovenia	6,792
20	Czechia	6,775
21	United Arab Emirates	6,759
22	Germany	6,753
23	United Kingdom	6,728
24	United States	6,724
25	Belize	6,711
26	Poland	6,673
27	Taiwan Province of China	6,669
28	Uruguay	6,661
29	Kosovo	6,659
30	Kuwait	6,629
31	Serbia	6,606
32	Saudi Arabia	6,600
33	France	6,593
34	Singapore	6,565
35	Romania	6,563
36	Brazil	6,494
37	El Salvador	6,492
38	Spain	6,466
39	Estonia	6,417
40	Italy	6,415
41	Panama	6,407
42	Argentina	6,397
43	Kazakhstan	6,378
44	Guatemala	6,362
45	Chile	6,361
46	Viet Nam	6,352
47	Nicaragua	6,330
48	Malta	6,316
49	Thailand	6,222
50	Slovakia	6,221
51	Latvia	6,207
52	Oman	6,197
53	Uzbekistan	6,193
54	Paraguay	6,172
55	Japan	6,147
56	Bosnia and Herzegovina	6,136
57	Philippines	6,107
58	Republic of Korea	6,038
59	Bahrain	6,030
60	Portugal	6,013
61	Colombia	6,004
62	Ecuador	5,965
63	Honduras	5,964
64	Malaysia	5,955
65	Peru	5,947
66	Russian Federation	5,945
67	Cyprus	5,942
68	China	5,921
69	Hungary	5,915
70	Trinidad and Tobago	5,905
71	Montenegro	5,877
72	Croatia	5,870
73	Jamaica	5,870
74	Bolivia	5,868
75	Kyrgyzstan	5,858
76	Dominican Republic	5,846
77	Mongolia	5,833
78	Mauritius	5,832
79	Libya	5,820
80	Republic of Moldova	5,819
81	Greece	5,776
82	Venezuela	5,683
83	Indonesia	5,617
84	Algeria	5,571
85	Bulgaria	5,554
86	North Macedonia	5,503
87	Armenia	5,494
88	Hong Kong SAR of China	5,491
89	Albania	5,411
90	Tajikistan	5,411
91	Georgia	5,400
92	Nepal	5,311
93	Lao PDR	5,301
94	Türkiye	5,262
95	South Africa	5,213
96	Mozambique	5,190
97	Gabon	5,120
98	Côte d’Ivoire	5,102
99	Iran	5,093
100	Congo	5,030
101	Iraq	4,976
102	Guinea	4,929
103	Namibia	4,911
104	Cameroon	4,887
105	Nigeria	4,885
106	Azerbaijan	4,875
107	Senegal	4,856
108	State of Palestine	4,780
109	Pakistan	4,768
110	Niger	4,725
111	Ukraine	4,680
112	Morocco	4,622
113	Tunisia	4,552
114	Mauritania	4,542
115	Kenya	4,510
116	Uganda	4,461
117	Gambia	4,423
118	India	4,389
119	Chad	4,384
120	Burkina Faso	4,383
121	Benin	4,357
122	Somalia	4,347
123	Mali	4,345
124	Cambodia	4,341
125	Ghana	4,340
126	Myanmar	4,321
127	Togo	4,315
128	Jordan	4,310
129	Liberia	4,277
130	Madagascar	4,157
131	Zambia	3,912
132	Ethiopia	3,898
133	Sri Lanka	3,891
134	Bangladesh	3,851
135	Egypt	3,817
136	Tanzania	3,800
137	Eswatini	3,774
138	Lesotho	3,757
139	Comoros	3,754
140	Yemen	3,561
141	DR Congo	3,469
142	Botswana	3,438
143	Zimbabwe	3,396
144	Malawi	3,260
145	Lebanon	3,188
146	Sierra Leone	2,998
147	Afghanistan	1,364

Some of the world’s happiest countries buy wellbeing for WAY cheaper than others

Richer countries tend to be happier. Nevertheless, several Latin American countries continue to outperform expectations based on income alone. Residents of Costa Rica report higher life satisfaction than Americans (and Mexican life satisfaction is very close to that of the US), despite having less than half the income.

SOME OF THE WORLD’S HAPPIEST COUNTRIES IN 2025 ARE ALSO THE MOST GENEROUS

Being a happy country is good. But spreading that happiness beyond one’s borders is even better. This year’s World Happiness Report [2] highlights the often-overlooked role of benevolence in improving the lives of the giver and receiver.

One clear way to measure a country’s generosity is through its levels of international aid. In the World Happiness Report (Chapter 2, p. 46), they found a positive correlation between international aid and a country’s happiness.

Indeed, when we visually look at foreign aid as a share of national income, an interesting pattern emerges: the world’s happiest countries also tend to be among the most generous.

The connection between helping others and happiness is mirrored on the individual scale. Being more generous is correlated with being happier. Among the generous acts surveyed, donating gives double the happiness boost compared to volunteering or helping strangers (p. 40). Luckily, acts of benevolence may be more common than we imagine.

PEOPLE ARE KINDER THAN WE THINK

One of our favorite findings from this year’s report suggests that people are worthier of our trust than we realize.

In Chapter 2 (p. 31), the authors compared survey results about people’s expectations for how often a dropped wallet would be returned with actual return rates from a 40 country experiment.

They found that the actual return rate across the world was about twice as high as people expected.

These expectations are also strongly and positively related with wellbeing. Having confidence that a wallet would be returned had a much higher associated effect on happiness than most other factors.

Believing a wallet would be returned was twice as related to happiness as unemployment and it was correlated with nearly 8 times as much happiness as having one’s income double.

THE AUTHORS DRAW OUT THE IMPLICATION:

“People may be made needlessly unhappy by their unwarranted pessimism.” (p. 31)

Giving to others: How to convert your money into greater happiness for others

The impact charities have on people’s happiness varies hugely. Your donations to charity can go much further – at no extra cost to you – if you contribute to the best organisations.

Let’s unpack this.

1) The first ever review of how much happiness charities can create with a donor’s money

A new chapter of the report aimed to find and review all pre-existing estimates of how much happiness charities produce. The review found 24 charity cost-effectiveness estimates by four different evaluators (interestingly, these evaluators are all UK-based, so the UK is a world-leader in happiness research, if not happiness).

Wellbeing-years (WELLBYs) [5] are an increasingly accepted method of comparing the value of different interventions, charities, and policies. 1 WELLBY = A 1-point increase on a 0-10 self-reported wellbeing scale (like the one used in the World Happiness Report ranking!) for one person for one year.

For context, after a year [6] :

· Being unemployed reduces life satisfaction by 0.5 points (on a 0-10 scale).

· Marriage increases life satisfaction by 0.3 points (on a 0-10 scale).

· Doubling income raises life satisfaction by 0.2 points (on a 0-10 scale).

2) The best charities are hundreds of times better at increasing happiness per euro.

There’s a huge variation in the wellbeing you can buy per euro donated across charities.

To put this in perspective, you’re as tall as the average person, and your height represents the cost-effectiveness of the least good charity on the list (this still has a positive impact), the charity on the top of the list would be 5x times taller than the Eiffel Tower! [7]

WHAT’S DRIVING THE DIFFERENCES IN IMPACT ACROSS CHARITIES?
The short answer is that most cost-effective charities are cheaply providing effective solutions to serious problems faced by people in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Whereas the least cost-effective charities operate in high-income countries (HICs). It costs charities much more to provide the same service in high income countries, and these may have smaller impacts because the need is less and better met by existing services. The report discusses this, and caveats, more in the chapter itself.

Note that the task was to bring together all the work that had already been done. All the research had the same output (WELLBYs per dollar) but the inputs were ‘lumpy’: some analyses were much deeper than others. It was out of scope to renanalyse and to update all the pre-existing estimates. So take this as the first word on the topic, not the last!

3) What are the most cost-effective charities identified so far?

The most cost-effective charities found so far focus on mental health, malnutrition, and lead exposure reduction in low-income countries:

Both charities provide low-cost, scalable mental health support in sub-Saharan Africa where the need is great but there is very little provision.

We recognise “Dollars per WELLBY” is not very intuitive. To get a feel for what this means, consider that $20 will, for many, be the cost of a meal out. If you know of a restaurant that will raise your happiness by 1-point for a whole year – more than the difference between being employed and unemployed – then let us know so we can go there! By supporting the best charities, we can make an incredible difference to others at a very small cost to ourselves.

Using the Happier Lives Institute latest research, we published about the charities you can support to increase wellbeing in the world. While not mentioned in this report, the Happier Lives Institute has evaluated the Against Malaria Foundation (AMF). Its impact on well-being is significant, mainly due to the deaths avoided and suffering reduced as a result of malaria prevention. Its effectiveness can vary depending on the philosophical approach adopted. AMF is one of Mieux Donner’s recommendations in our health and poverty category. You can donate and benefit from the associated tax reduction.

4) Why aren’t there any charities I’ve heard of at the top of the list?

In the chapter, what stood out as a gap in the current research is that it didn’t include any well-known charities. The Happier Lives Institute wanted to add some estimates of well-known charities, but they found it surprisingly hard.

Why? Lots of big charities are what they call ‘MANGOs’, standing for ‘Multi-Armed NGOs’. For instance, Oxfam runs hundreds of different programmes. In the chapter, they explain the ‘MANGO problem’ is that it is effectively impossible for us to assess these sorts of organisations. So, donors are really guessing about how much good their money does.

Well-known charities don’t necessarily have a big impact, even if they do more or less one thing. For instance, Happier Lives Institute did a quick estimation of the cost-effectiveness of Guide Dogs UK, not because they wanted to pick on them, but simply because they were one prominent charity that was easier to assess. They estimate that Guide Dogs UK produces a WELLBY for ~$41,000 (i.e., ~2,200 less cost-effective than the average of the top 5 charities, see below). Even though Guide dogs do have a huge impact on the lives of their beneficiaries, training each guide dog costs around $200k [8], making it less cost-effective than other charities that have the same impact for fewer costs.

The HLI did quick cost-effectiveness analyses based on studies of housing (~$35,000 per WELLBY) and cash (~$20,000 per WELLBY) interventions to aid the homeless. These came in at ~2,000 less cost-effective than the top 5 charities, indicating it’s very, very hard to help the homeless cost-effectively.

5) Fund the best charities and centuplicate (or more) your impact at no extra cost!

When the HLI compares the top 5 charities in the sample to the average of the UK charities [9], le(not including Guide Dogs), the top 5 are around 150 times better. The implication is that donating €1,000 to a top charity can have the same impact as donating ~€150,000 to a more typical one. This means that a donation of €1,000 to a leading charity can have the same impact as a donation of around €150,000 to a more traditional charity.

The most cost-effective charity in the analysis (Pure Earth) is around ~1,000 times better (942 times to be precise) at increasing happiness than the least effective evaluated charity (Football Beyond Borders).

But all the charities in their sample had chosen to be evaluated by researchers, so they are probably much better than average. When compared to the average of our quick analyses of Guide Dogs and helping the homeless, the best charity is ~3,500 times better than these popular destinations for our charitable euros.

Does this mean I have to give? The philosopher Dr. Michael Plant, Happier Lives Institute Director and main contributor to this chapter, addresses these questions and more about charitable giving:

· Do I have to give? You may not be obligated to give, but you should, if you can. However, if you do decide to give, many have the intuition that we should make a bigger, rather than smaller, difference.

· Will giving make me happier? Yes [10]. Indeed, in the opening chapter of the world happiness report, they estimate that people who donate tend to get more benefit than performing other benevolent acts such as helping strangers or volunteering. But if you’re not sure if giving will make you happier, you can always try it out!

· I already give to charity – is it wrong for me to switch to something that would help more? No, not if the point is to help others. But if it makes it easier, consider giving to both the best charities and the ones closest to your heart.

· How much should I give? The largest amount that you can sustain.

At Mieux Donner, we promote the 10% pledge, where individuals commit to giving 10% of their income to high-impact charities. We invite people in a variety of situations to consider taking this commitment. While we understand it may not be for everyone, 1% could be a good starting point. If you’re still unsure about pledging, you can try a trial pledge of 1% for a limited period of time.

See the full chapter [11] for more advice.

6) You can do a lot of good, maybe more than you imagined.

Most people [12] think the best charity to help the global poor is around 1.5x as good as the typical charity.

Based on the evidence presented, the difference between the best and the rest of charities is much, much larger (coarsely illustrated below). We (Mieux Donner) have published an article showing similar evidence on other areas.

Before this recent innovation to evaluate charities in terms of wellbeing – using a standardised, scientific approach, that really captures what matters – it was very hard to compare charities, or know how much impact you were having. Before this report, there wasn’t much hard evidence of how big the differences in charity impact were, per euro or per dollar.

But these developments, and what we’ve found, gives us heart. The world feels full of problems that we can do nothing about. But it turns out that we can do something and feel confident we’re making a difference: we can (now) capture charity’s impacts on happiness. What’s more, because impact varies so much between charities, this means we can have a huge, and vastly greater impact, at no extra cost to ourselves – simply by following the evidence and supporting the best charities found so far.

As we write this, the world we thought we knew seems to be falling apart around us. Even if our governments are taking their eye off the ball, we, the citizens of the world, can still do our bit to help the people of the world. Donating to excellent charities not only does a lot of good in itself, but it is also a way of showing that many of us do care, and we are willing to put our money where our mouths are to make the world a better place.

WHAT YOU CAN DO TODAY

Your donations have the power to transform lives. You’ve probably heard this for years, maybe your whole life. We think the evidence supports this – IF you choose wisely. By donating to the most effective charities, you can centuplicate (100x – or more!) your impact without spending an additional euro.

What can you do? You can do a lot! Hopefully much more than you imagined.

· Donate to highly impactful charities to maximize the good you do.

· Read the full chapter to learn more about the research behind these comparisons.

· Share this article with others! Spread the word! Tell a friend who you think might be interested and share this on social media. When people find out there are large differences between charities’ impact, they give more effectively! [14] Giving to higher impact causes is a real way we can reach out and meaningfully improve the world.

· Stay informed by following the Happier Lives Institute’s newsletter and Mieux Donner’s newsletter.

And reach out, if you have any questions.

For Media

If you work in the media, check out the Happier Lives Institute’s press release [15]. Please share these findings and get in touch. Mieux Donner’s team is also happy to answer your questions and put you in contact with different experts.

For researchers

The best may be yet to come. We need much more research into wellbeing cost-effectiveness. Wellbeing cost-effectiveness is an unusual area where barely any work has been done and it has huge, direct practical implications. We hope researchers take up the challenge and use their skills to make a difference.

For policy makers

Use WELLBYs to design and evaluate public programs that maximize societal wellbeing. For more, see this recent research [16] from the London School of Economics.

For foundations

Focus on funding interventions with the greatest potential to transform lives. We offer personalised donation advice, so get in touch if you’re after tailored research to increase your impact.

This post is informed by the work of the Happier Lives Institute, whose original pieces can be found here and here.

ATTACHMENT SIX – FROM CNN

WORLD'S HAPPIEST COUNTRIES 2025

The world’s happiest country has managed to keep its No. 1 ranking for eight years running. The picture in the United States isn’t so rosy.

While Finland once again tops the World Happiness Report’s rankings, the United States — at No. 24 — earned its lowest ranking yet in the 2025 report. The 13^th edition of the annual report marks the United Nations International Day of Happiness on March 20.

In the United States and parts of Europe, declining happiness and social trust have contributed significantly to the rise of political polarization and votes against “the system,” the report finds.

The picture in the United States isn’t so rosy - but “in brighter news, global research shows that people are much kinder than we expect.”

There’s “room for improvement,” Helliwell said, in believing that we’re all part of a larger group that looks out for each other. It’s an important source of happiness that we haven’t properly tapped, he said.

The report draws on Gallup World Poll data from people in more than 140 countries. Countries are ranked on happiness based on their average life evaluations over the three preceding years, in this case 2022 to 2024. The report is a partnership of Gallup, the Oxford Wellbeing Research Centre, the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network and an editorial board.

The survey asks each participant to score their life as a whole and rankings are based on those life evaluations. The report then looks at six key variables to help explain life evaluations: GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom, generosity and perceptions of corruption.

ATTACHMENT SEVEN – FROM GALLUP

MORE HAPPIEST COUNTRIES

When it comes to happiness, the Nordic countries are clearly doing a lot of things right. For the eighth year in a row, Finland is the world’s happiest country, with its neighbors clustered close behind.

Finland, Denmark, Iceland and Sweden – the top four – remain in the same order as 2024. And Norway is again No. 7.

While social support systems that look out for residents’ welfare are important to Finland’s No. 1 ranking, the people play a role too, according to Helliwell.

A less materialistic mindset may also work in Finland’s favor, Helliwell said.

“And these days, to focus on the personal rather than the material is of ever-increasing importance.”

Two Latin American countries — Costa Rica at No. 6 and Mexico at No. 10 — both enter the top 10 for the first time in the 2025 report.

Both countries’ residents have “strong social networks and strong perceptions about the direction of their economy and confidence in leaders and institutions,” Ron-Levey said.

The Netherlands (No. 5), Israel (No. 8) and Luxembourg (No. 9) fill out the top 10.

Lowest ranking yet for the United States

After dropping out of the top 20 for the first time last year, the US ranks No. 24 in the latest World Happiness Report.

Last year’s report paid special attention to happiness among different age groups, highlighting declines among the young in numerous countries.

The US isn’t the only English-speaking country with happiness challenges. At No. 23, the United Kingdom reported its lowest average life evaluation since 2017. Canada, which has seen happiness declines over the last decade, remained in the top 20 at No. 18.

While the variables that help explain life evaluations are complex, there is one “balm” that’s within everyone’s reach, Helliwell said.

“Look seriously at the people with whom you are working, with whom you are living, who are on your streets, and put on a rosier set of glasses when you’re dealing with them. And that’ll change your behavior in traffic. It’ll change your behavior in political discussions. It’ll change everything,” Helliwell said.

Talking less and listening more helps with attitude shifts that can lead to more cooperation.

“Negativity is poisonous to happiness,” he said.

World’s 20 happiest countries in 2025:

1. Finland

2. Denmark

3. Iceland

4. Sweden

5. Netherlands

6. Costa Rica

7. Norway

8. Israel

9. Luxembourg

10. Mexico

11. Australia

12. New Zealand

13. Switzerland

14. Belgium

15. Ireland

16. Lithuania

17. Austria

18. Canada

19. Slovenia

20. Czech Republic

AT THE BOTTOM OF THE LIST...

Afghanistan (No. 147) is once again last on the list. Sierra Leone (No. 146), Lebanon (No. 145), Malawi (No. 144) and Zimbabwe (No. 143) make up the rest of the bottom five for happiness.

ATTACHMENT EIGHT – FROM WIKIPEDIA

WORLDWIDE LEVELS OF HAPPINESS AS MEASURED BY THE WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT (2024)

The World Happiness Report is a publication that contains articles and rankings of national happiness, based on respondent ratings of their own lives,^[1] which the report also correlates with various (quality of) life factors.^[2]

Since 2024, the report has been published by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford, in partnership with Gallup, the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, and an independent editorial board.^[3] The editorial board consists of the three founding editors, John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey D. Sachs, along with Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Lara Aknin, and Shun Wang.^[4]

The report primarily uses data from the Gallup World Poll. As of March 2025, Finland has been ranked the happiest country in the world for eight years in a row.^[5]

History

In July 2011, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 65/309, also named as Happiness: Towards a Holistic Definition of Development,^[6] inviting member countries to measure the happiness of their people and to use the data to help guide public policy.

The first World Happiness Report was released on 1 April 2012, as a foundational text for the UN High Level Meeting: Well-being and Happiness: Defining a New Economic Paradigm,^[7] drawing international attention.^[8] On 2 April 2012, this was followed by the first UN High Level Meeting called Wellbeing and Happiness: Defining a New Economic Paradigm,^[9] which was chaired by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, in addition to that prime minister Jigme Thinley of Bhutan, a nation that adopted gross national happiness instead of gross domestic product as their main development indicator.^[10]

The first report outlined the state of world happiness, causes of happiness and misery, and policy implications highlighted by case studies. In 2013, the second World Happiness Report was issued, and in 2015 the third. Since 2016, it has been issued on an annual basis on 20 March, to coincide with the UN's International Day of Happiness.^[11]

METHODS AND PHILOSOPHY

The rankings of national happiness are based on a happiness measurement survey undertaken world-wide by the polling company Gallup, Inc. Nationally representative samples of respondents are asked to think of a ladder, with the best possible life for them being a 10, and the worst possible life being a 0. They are then asked to rate their own current lives on that 0 to 10 scale.^[12] The report correlates the life evaluation results with various life factors.^[2]

Researchers use the reports' life factor variables to explain national-level differences in life evaluation. However, some variables, such as unemployment or inequality, are not considered. That is because comparable data is not yet available across all countries. The reports' variables only show correlation, not causation (see Correlation does not imply causation).^[12]

The report measures subjective well-being using the "Cantril ladder" to reflect people’s own views, rather than external judgments. The goal is to free respondents to evaluate their own well-being.^[13]^[14]

The report shows how experts use well-being ratings to assess national progress. The experts are from fields including economics, psychology, survey analysis, and national statistics. Each report is organized by chapters that focus on issues relating to happiness. This includes mental illness, the objective benefits of happiness, the importance of ethics, policy implications, and links with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) approach to measuring subjective well-being and other international and national efforts.

WELLBYs

ANNUAL REPORT TOPICS

The World Happiness Report has been published every year since 2012 (except for 2014).

In addition to ranking countries’ happiness and well-being levels, each report has contributing authors and most focus on a particular theme. The data used to rank countries in each report is drawn from the Gallup World Poll,^[18] as well as other sources such as the World Values Survey, in some of the reports. The Gallup World Poll questionnaire^[19] measures 14 areas within its core questions: (1) business & economic, (2) citizen engagement, (3) communications & technology, (4) diversity (social issues), (5) education & families, (6) emotions (well-being), (7) environment & energy, (8) food & shelter, (9) government and politics, (10) law & order (safety), (11) health, (12) religion & ethics, (13) transportation, and (14) work.

Data is collected from people in over 150 countries. Each variable measured reveals a populated-weighted average score on a scale running from 0 to 10 that is tracked over time and compared against other countries. These variables currently include:

· real GDP per capita

· social support

· healthy life expectancy

· freedom to make life choices

· generosity

· perceptions of corruption

Each country is also compared against a hypothetical nation called Dystopia. Dystopia represents the lowest national averages for each key variable and is, along with residual error, used as a regression benchmark. The six metrics are used to explain the estimated extent to which each of these factors contribute to increasing life satisfaction when compared to the hypothetical nation of Dystopia, but they themselves do not have an effect on the total score reported for each country.^[52]

2025 REPORT

The 2025 report features the happiness score averaged over the years 2022–2024.^[53]

METHODOLOGY

LEGITIMACY

ATTACHMENT NINE – FROM REUTERS

FINLAND CLINGS TO HAPPINESS CROWN AS ECONOMIC GLOOM DEEPENS

By Anne Kauranen November 25, 2025 11:34 AM EST

SUMMARY

· Finland is world's happiest country for eighth year, report says

· But unemployment among the worst in Europe, economy stagnating

· Government is now pruning some parts of the welfare state

· Collaborative spirit and resilience help, says report founder

HELSINKI, Nov 25 (Reuters) - Harsh economic headwinds are sending a chill through the world's happiest country. But after 1,000 days of unemployment, 33-year-old Juho-Pekka Palomaa hasn't let Finland's problems get him down just yet.

Finland is grappling with economic stagnation, rising joblessness and strained public finances, but still managed to secure the title of world's happiest country for the eighth year in a row in this year's annual World Happiness Report.

Its success, experts say, is due in no small part to a generous welfare state - but that is now being trimmed back as ministers confront the surging social costs of an aging population.

"I've been grateful that in Finland there has been a safety net and social security that have supported me financially ... So maybe I'm not more unhappy than I was before," said Palomaa, who marked his 1,000 days of unemployment with a bring-your-own-food protest on the steps of parliament.

"But I don't feel there is very much I can do to change my situation," said the former video producer, who has submitted countless job applications and completed 11 unsuccessful interviews.

While unemployment benefits have been cut, the government has left untouched "almost sacred" pensions, he complained.

NOKIA COLLAPSE, RUSSIA SANCTIONS

The Bank of Finland is forecasting economic growth of 0.3% this year, down from 0.4% in 2024. Unemployment is among the worst in the European Union, and rose to its highest in at least 15 years at 10.3% in October, data from Statistics Finland showed on Tuesday. The rate was more than twice as high - at 22.4% - among 15 to 24-year-olds.

The European Commission is expected to decide on Tuesday whether to propose placing Finland in what it calls an "Excessive Deficit Procedure", after it forecast Finland will have a budget deficit above the 3% EU limit for the next three years.

See: Statistics Finland / Reuters – Anne Kauranen, November 12, 2025 for charts and graphs

Finland's general government budgets have been deficitary every year since the global financial crisis in 2009. Last year's deficit at 4.4% was the second biggest in 25 years, falling short of only the 2020 deficit of 5.5% amid the Covid pandemic.

Poor public finances have already prompted the government to start pruning some parts of the welfare state, including unemployment and housing benefits and some medical facilities.

The right-wing coalition government, in office since 2023, aims to "to strengthen public finances and to bring the growing debt under control", Minister of Employment Matias Marttinen told Reuters.

Some critics argue, however, that austerity measures have exacerbated economic challenges and consumer pessimism.

Lauri Holappa, director of the Finnish Centre for New Economic Analysis, pointed to simulations suggesting the fiscal consolidation measures could have even led to an increased public debt rate.

Finland's finance ministry forecasts the Finnish public debt ratio to reach 90% of gross domestic product by 2030, after it has more than doubled in the past 15 years.

FINNS' HAPPINESS HOLDS FIRM

But there is more to happiness than economics.

The life evaluations that people report in the happiness survey are determined more by factors like resilience and the ability to "deal collaboratively and constructively in bad times" than by national economic conditions, said the report's founding editor, emeritus professor John Helliwell.

"Of course, Finland is very high in resilience," he said.

Recent data by analytics company Gallup shows no significant fluctuations in Finns' reported emotional wellbeing since last year. Data from the same survey on life evaluations will be published with the next World Happiness Report next year.

The Happiness Report also takes into account key indicators such as GDP per capita, social support and healthy life expectancy.

Reeling from the financial hit from his long jobless spell, Palomaa has looked to a free community sauna run and funded by volunteers by the Baltic Sea shore in Helsinki.

"The sauna is a place where everyone's so equal ... You cannot say based on someone's appearance what they do for a living, who they are," he said.

When he asked social media followers what to do on his 1,000th day of unemployment, he got a million views and a flood of suggestions - including the bring-your-own-food party he held on the steps of parliament.

"I'm here obviously to celebrate something that I never wanted to celebrate," he said as he shared his home-made pastries in the misty rain.

But "I decided that this is my moment," he said. "I got to seize the moment and do something about it."

Reporting by Anne Kauranen in Helsinki; Additional reporting by Ilze Filks in Stockholm; Editing by Catherine Evans and Conor Humphries

ATTACHMENT TEN – FROM CIA FACTBOOK

ATTACHMENT TEN “A” – NATIONS RANKED by AREA

Rank	Country	sq km
1	Russia	17,098,242
2	Antarctica	14,200,000
3	Canada	9,984,670
4	United States	9,833,517
5	China	9,596,960
6	Brazil	8,515,770
7	Australia	7,741,220
8	India	3,287,263
9	Argentina	2,780,400
10	Kazakhstan	2,724,900
11	Algeria	2,381,740
12	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	2,344,858
13	Greenland	2,166,086
14	Saudi Arabia	2,149,690
15	Mexico	1,964,375
16	Indonesia	1,904,569
17	Sudan	1,861,484
18	Libya	1,759,540
19	Iran	1,648,195
20	Mongolia	1,564,116
21	Peru	1,285,216
22	Chad	1,284,000
23	Niger	1,267,000
24	Angola	1,246,700
25	Mali	1,240,192
26	South Africa	1,219,090
27	Colombia	1,138,910
28	Ethiopia	1,104,300
29	Bolivia	1,098,581
30	Mauritania	1,030,700
31	Egypt	1,001,450
32	Tanzania	947,300
33	Nigeria	923,768
34	Venezuela	912,050
35	Namibia	824,292
36	Mozambique	799,380
37	Pakistan	796,095
38	Turkey (Turkiye)	783,562
39	Chile	756,102
40	Zambia	752,618
41	Morocco	716,550
42	Burma	676,578
43	Afghanistan	652,230
44	South Sudan	644,329
45	France	643,801
46	Somalia	637,657
47	Central African Republic	622,984
48	Ukraine	603,550
49	Madagascar	587,041
50	Botswana	581,730
51	Kenya	580,367
52	Yemen	527,968
53	Thailand	513,120
54	Spain	505,370
55	Turkmenistan	488,100
56	Cameroon	475,440
57	Papua New Guinea	462,840
58	Sweden	450,295
59	Uzbekistan	447,400
60	Iraq	438,317
61	Paraguay	406,752
62	Zimbabwe	390,757
63	Japan	377,915
64	Germany	357,022
65	Congo, Republic of the	342,000
66	Finland	338,145
67	Vietnam	331,210
68	Malaysia	329,847
69	Norway	323,802
70	Cote d'Ivoire	322,463
71	Poland	312,685
72	Oman	309,500
73	Italy	301,340
74	Philippines	300,000
75	Ecuador	283,561
76	Burkina Faso	274,200
77	New Zealand	268,838
78	Gabon	267,667
79	Guinea	245,857
80	United Kingdom	243,610
81	Uganda	241,038
82	Ghana	238,533
83	Romania	238,391
84	Laos	236,800
85	Guyana	214,969
86	Belarus	207,600
87	Kyrgyzstan	199,951
88	Senegal	196,722
89	Syria	187,437
90	Cambodia	181,035
91	Uruguay	176,215
92	Suriname	163,820
93	Tunisia	163,610
94	Bangladesh	148,460
95	Nepal	147,181
96	Tajikistan	144,100
97	Greece	131,957
98	Nicaragua	130,370
99	Korea, North	120,538
100	Malawi	118,484
101	Eritrea	117,600
102	Benin	112,622
103	Honduras	112,090
104	Liberia	111,369
105	Bulgaria	110,879
106	Cuba	110,860
107	Guatemala	108,889
108	Iceland	103,000
109	Korea, South	99,720
110	Hungary	93,028
111	Portugal	92,090
112	Jordan	89,342
113	Azerbaijan	86,600
114	Austria	83,871
115	United Arab Emirates	83,600
116	Czechia	78,867
117	Serbia	77,474
118	Panama	75,420
119	Sierra Leone	71,740
120	Ireland	70,273
121	Georgia	69,700
122	Sri Lanka	65,610
123	Lithuania	65,300
124	Latvia	64,589
125	Svalbard	62,045
126	Togo	56,785
127	Croatia	56,594
128	Bosnia and Herzegovina	51,197
129	Costa Rica	51,100
130	Slovakia	49,035
131	Dominican Republic	48,670
132	Estonia	45,228
133	Denmark	43,094
134	Netherlands	41,543
135	Switzerland	41,277
136	Bhutan	38,394
137	Guinea-Bissau	36,125
138	Taiwan	35,980
139	Moldova	33,851
140	Belgium	30,528
141	Lesotho	30,355
142	Armenia	29,743
143	Solomon Islands	28,896
144	Albania	28,748
145	Equatorial Guinea	28,051
146	Burundi	27,830
147	Haiti	27,750
148	Rwanda	26,338
149	North Macedonia	25,713
150	Djibouti	23,200
151	Belize	22,966
152	Israel	21,937
153	El Salvador	21,041
154	Slovenia	20,273
155	New Caledonia	18,575
156	Fiji	18,274
157	Kuwait	17,818
158	Eswatini	17,364
159	Timor-Leste	14,874
160	Bahamas, The	13,880
161	Montenegro	13,812
162	Vanuatu	12,189
163	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	12,173
164	Qatar	11,586
165	Gambia, The	11,300
166	Jamaica	10,991
167	Kosovo	10,887
168	Lebanon	10,400
169	Cyprus	9,251
170	Puerto Rico	9,104
171	West Bank	5,860
172	Brunei	5,765
173	Trinidad and Tobago	5,128
174	French Polynesia	4,167
175	Cabo Verde	4,033
176	South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands	3,903
177	Samoa	2,831
178	Luxembourg	2,586
179	Comoros	2,235
180	Mauritius	2,040
181	Virgin Islands	1,910
182	Faroe Islands	1,393
183	Hong Kong	1,108
184	Sao Tome and Principe	964
185	Turks and Caicos Islands	948
186	Kiribati	811
187	Bahrain	760
188	Dominica	751
189	Tonga	747
190	Singapore	719
191	Micronesia, Federated States of	702
192	Saint Lucia	616
193	Isle of Man	572
194	Guam	544
195	Andorra	468
196	Northern Mariana Islands	464
197	Palau	459
198	Seychelles	455
199	Curacao	444
200	Antigua and Barbuda	443
201	Barbados	430
202	Heard Island and McDonald Islands	412
203	Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha	394
204	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	389
205	Jan Mayen	377
206	Gaza Strip	360
207	Grenada	344
208	Malta	316
209	Maldives	298
210	Cayman Islands	264
211	Saint Kitts and Nevis	261
212	Niue	260
213	Akrotiri and Dhekelia	254
214	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	242
215	Cook Islands	236
216	American Samoa	224
217	Marshall Islands	181
218	Aruba	180
219	Liechtenstein	160
220	British Virgin Islands	151
221	Wallis and Futuna	142
222	Christmas Island	135
223	Jersey	116
224	Montserrat	102
225	Anguilla	91
226	Guernsey	78
227	San Marino	61
228	British Indian Ocean Territory	60
229	Bermuda	54
230	Saint Martin	50
231	Bouvet Island	49
232	Pitcairn Islands	47
233	Norfolk Island	36
234	Sint Maarten	34
235	Macau	28
236	Tuvalu	26
237	Saint Barthelemy	25
238	Nauru	21
239	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	14
240	Tokelau	12
241	Paracel Islands	8
242	Wake Island	7
243	Gibraltar	7
244	Clipperton Island	6
245	Ashmore and Cartier Islands	5
246	Navassa Island	5
247	Spratly Islands	5
248	Coral Sea Islands	3
249	Monaco	2
250	Holy See (Vatican City)	0

Note: All country URLs hold for all CIA attachments – thus are eliminated from “B” to “H” below

ATTACHMENT TEN “B” – by POPULATION

Rank	Country	Population	Date of Information
1	China	1,416,043,270	2024 est.
2	India	1,409,128,296	2024 est.
3	United States	341,963,408	2024 est.
4	Indonesia	281,562,465	2024 est.
5	Pakistan	252,363,571	2024 est.
6	Nigeria	236,747,130	2024 est.
7	Brazil	220,051,512	2024 est.
8	Bangladesh	168,697,184	2024 est.
9	Russia	140,820,810	2024 est.
10	Mexico	130,739,927	2024 est.
11	Japan	123,201,945	2024 est.
12	Ethiopia	118,550,298	2024 est.
13	Philippines	118,277,063	2024 est.
14	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115,403,027	2024 est.
15	Egypt	111,247,248	2024 est.
16	Vietnam	105,758,975	2024 est.
17	Iran	88,386,937	2024 est.
18	Turkey (Turkiye)	84,119,531	2024 est.
19	Germany	84,119,100	2024 est.
20	Thailand	69,920,998	2024 est.
21	United Kingdom	68,459,055	2024 est.
22	France	68,374,591	2024 est.
23	Tanzania	67,462,121	2024 est.
24	Italy	60,964,931	2024 est.
25	South Africa	60,442,647	2024 est.
26	Kenya	58,246,378	2024 est.
27	Burma	57,527,139	2024 est.
28	Korea, South	52,081,799	2024 est.
29	Sudan	50,467,278	2024 est.
30	Colombia	49,588,357	2024 est.
31	Uganda	49,283,041	2024 est.
32	Spain	47,280,433	2024 est.
33	Algeria	47,022,473	2024 est.
34	Argentina	46,994,384	2024 est.
35	Iraq	42,083,436	2024 est.
36	Afghanistan	40,121,552	2024 est.
37	Canada	38,794,813	2024 est.
38	Poland	38,746,310	2024 est.
39	Morocco	37,387,585	2024 est.
40	Angola	37,202,061	2024 est.
41	Saudi Arabia	36,544,431	2024 est.
42	Uzbekistan	36,520,593	2024 est.
43	Ukraine	35,661,826	2024 est.
44	Ghana	34,589,092	2024 est.
45	Malaysia	34,564,810	2024 est.
46	Mozambique	33,350,954	2024 est.
47	Peru	32,600,249	2024 est.
48	Yemen	32,140,443	2024 est.
49	Venezuela	31,250,306	2024 est.
50	Nepal	31,122,387	2024 est.
51	Cameroon	30,966,105	2024 est.
52	Cote d'Ivoire	29,981,758	2024 est.
53	Madagascar	29,452,714	2024 est.
54	Australia	26,768,598	2024 est.
55	Niger	26,342,784	2024 est.
56	Korea, North	26,298,666	2024 est.
57	Syria	23,865,423	2024 est.
58	Taiwan	23,595,274	2024 est.
59	Burkina Faso	23,042,199	2024 est.
60	Mali	21,990,607	2024 est.
61	Sri Lanka	21,982,608	2024 est.
62	Malawi	21,763,309	2024 est.
63	Zambia	20,799,116	2024 est.
64	Kazakhstan	20,260,006	2024 est.
65	Chad	19,093,595	2024 est.
66	Senegal	18,847,519	2024 est.
67	Chile	18,664,652	2024 est.
68	Ecuador	18,309,984	2024 est.
69	Guatemala	18,255,216	2024 est.
70	Romania	18,148,155	2024 est.
71	Netherlands	17,772,378	2024 est.
72	Zimbabwe	17,150,352	2024 est.
73	Cambodia	17,063,669	2024 est.
74	Benin	14,697,052	2024 est.
75	Guinea	13,986,179	2024 est.
76	Rwanda	13,623,302	2024 est.
77	Burundi	13,590,102	2024 est.
78	Somalia	13,017,273	2024 est.
79	South Sudan	12,703,714	2024 est.
80	Bolivia	12,311,974	2024 est.
81	Tunisia	12,048,847	2024 est.
82	Belgium	11,977,634	2024 est.
83	Haiti	11,753,943	2024 est.
84	Jordan	11,174,024	2024 est.
85	Cuba	10,966,038	2024 est.
86	Czechia	10,837,890	2024 est.
87	Dominican Republic	10,815,857	2024 est.
88	Azerbaijan	10,650,239	2024 est.
89	Sweden	10,589,835	2024 est.
90	Greece	10,461,091	2024 est.
91	Tajikistan	10,394,063	2024 est.
92	Portugal	10,207,177	2024 est.
93	Papua New Guinea	10,046,233	2024 est.
94	United Arab Emirates	10,032,213	2024 est.
95	Hungary	9,855,745	2024 est.
96	Honduras	9,529,188	2024 est.
97	Belarus	9,501,451	2024 est.
98	Israel	9,402,617	2024 est.
99	Sierra Leone	9,121,049	2024 est.
100	Austria	8,967,982	2024 est.
101	Togo	8,917,994	2024 est.
102	Switzerland	8,860,574	2024 est.
103	Laos	7,953,556	2024 est.
104	Paraguay	7,522,549	2024 est.
105	Libya	7,361,263	2024 est.
106	Hong Kong	7,297,821	2024 est.
107	Bulgaria	6,782,659	2024 est.
108	Nicaragua	6,676,948	2024 est.
109	Serbia	6,652,212	2024 est.
110	El Salvador	6,628,702	2024 est.
111	Eritrea	6,343,956	2024 est.
112	Kyrgyzstan	6,172,101	2024 est.
113	Congo, Republic of the	6,097,665	2024 est.
114	Singapore	6,028,459	2024 est.
115	Denmark	5,973,136	2024 est.
116	Turkmenistan	5,744,151	2024 est.
117	Central African Republic	5,650,957	2024 est.
118	Finland	5,626,414	2024 est.
119	Slovakia	5,563,649	2024 est.
120	Norway	5,509,733	2024 est.
121	Liberia	5,437,249	2024 est.
122	Lebanon	5,364,482	2024 est.
123	Costa Rica	5,265,575	2024 est.
124	Ireland	5,233,461	2024 est.
125	New Zealand	5,161,211	2024 est.
126	Georgia	4,900,961	2024 est.
127	Panama	4,470,241	2024 est.
128	Mauritania	4,328,040	2024 est.
129	Croatia	4,150,116	2024 est.
130	Oman	3,901,992	2024 est.
131	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,798,671	2024 est.
132	Moldova	3,599,528	2024 est.
133	Uruguay	3,425,330	2024 est.
134	Mongolia	3,281,676	2024 est.
135	West Bank	3,243,369	2024 est.
136	Kuwait	3,138,355	2024 est.
137	Albania	3,107,100	2024 est.
138	Puerto Rico	3,019,450	2024 est.
139	Armenia	2,976,765	2024 est.
140	Jamaica	2,823,713	2024 est.
141	Namibia	2,803,660	2024 est.
142	Lithuania	2,628,186	2024 est.
143	Qatar	2,552,088	2024 est.
144	Gambia, The	2,523,327	2024 est.
145	Gabon	2,455,105	2024 est.
146	Botswana	2,450,668	2024 est.
147	Lesotho	2,227,548	2024 est.
148	Gaza Strip	2,141,643	2024 est.
149	North Macedonia	2,135,622	2024 est.
150	Guinea-Bissau	2,132,325	2024 est.
151	Slovenia	2,097,893	2024 est.
152	Kosovo	1,977,093	2024 est.
153	Latvia	1,801,246	2024 est.
154	Equatorial Guinea	1,795,834	2024 est.
155	Bahrain	1,566,888	2024 est.
156	Timor-Leste	1,506,909	2024 est.
157	Trinidad and Tobago	1,408,966	2024 est.
158	Cyprus	1,320,525	2024 est.
159	Mauritius	1,310,504	2024 est.
160	Estonia	1,193,791	2024 est.
161	Eswatini	1,138,089	2024 est.
162	Djibouti	994,974	2024 est.
163	Fiji	951,611	2024 est.
164	Comoros	900,141	2024 est.
165	Bhutan	884,546	2024 est.
166	Guyana	794,099	2024 est.
167	Solomon Islands	726,799	2024 est.
168	Luxembourg	671,254	2024 est.
169	Suriname	646,758	2024 est.
170	Macau	644,426	2024 est.
171	Cabo Verde	611,014	2024 est.
172	Montenegro	599,849	2024 est.
173	Brunei	491,900	2024 est.
174	Malta	469,730	2024 est.
175	Belize	415,789	2024 est.
176	Bahamas, The	410,862	2024 est.
177	Maldives	388,858	2024 est.
178	Iceland	364,036	2024 est.
179	Vanuatu	318,007	2024 est.
180	New Caledonia	304,167	2024 est.
181	Barbados	304,139	2024 est.
182	French Polynesia	303,540	2024 est.
183	Sao Tome and Principe	223,561	2024 est.
184	Samoa	208,853	2024 est.
185	Guam	169,532	2024 est.
186	Saint Lucia	168,038	2024 est.
187	Curacao	153,289	2024 est.
188	Aruba	125,063	2024 est.
189	Kiribati	116,545	2024 est.
190	Grenada	114,621	2024 est.
191	Tonga	104,889	2024 est.
192	Virgin Islands	104,377	2024 est.
193	Jersey	103,387	2024 est.
194	Antigua and Barbuda	102,634	2024 est.
195	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	100,647	2024 est.
196	Micronesia, Federated States of	99,603	2024 est.
197	Seychelles	98,187	2024 est.
198	Isle of Man	92,269	2024 est.
199	Andorra	85,370	2024 est.
200	Marshall Islands	82,011	2024 est.
201	Dominica	74,661	2024 est.
202	Bermuda	72,800	2024 est.
203	Guernsey	67,787	2024 est.
204	Cayman Islands	66,653	2024 est.
205	Turks and Caicos Islands	60,439	2024 est.
206	Greenland	57,751	2024 est.
207	Saint Kitts and Nevis	55,133	2024 est.
208	Faroe Islands	52,933	2024 est.
209	Northern Mariana Islands	51,118	2024 est.
210	Sint Maarten	46,215	2024 est.
211	American Samoa	43,895	2024 est.
212	Liechtenstein	40,272	2024 est.
213	British Virgin Islands	40,102	2024 est.
214	San Marino	35,095	2024 est.
215	Saint Martin	32,996	2024 est.
216	Monaco	31,813	2024 est.
217	Gibraltar	29,683	2024 est.
218	Palau	21,864	2024 est.
219	Anguilla	19,416	2024 est.
220	Wallis and Futuna	15,964	2024 est.
221	Tuvalu	11,733	2024 est.
222	Nauru	9,892	2024 est.
223	Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha	7,943	2024 est.
224	Cook Islands	7,761	2024 est.
225	Saint Barthelemy	7,086	2024 est.
226	Montserrat	5,468	2024 est.
227	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	5,132	2024 est.
228	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	3,142	2021 est.
229	Svalbard	2,556	2025 est.
230	Tokelau	2,453	2024 est.
231	Paracel Islands	2,230	2024 est.
232	Niue	1,815	2024 est.
233	Norfolk Island	1,739	2021 est.
234	Christmas Island	1,692	2021 est.
235	Holy See (Vatican City)	1,000	2024 est.
236	CocosCocos (Keeling) Islands (Keeling) Islands	593	2021 est.
237	Pitcairn Islands	50	2025 est.

ATTACHMENT TEN “C” - POPULATION GROWTH RATE

Rank	Country	%	Date of Information
1	South Sudan	4.65	2024 est.
2	Niger	3.66	2024 est.
3	Angola	3.33	2024 est.
4	Benin	3.29	2024 est.
5	Equatorial Guinea	3.23	2024 est.
6	Uganda	3.18	2024 est.
7	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3.11	2024 est.
8	Chad	3.01	2024 est.
9	Mali	2.9	2024 est.
10	Zambia	2.83	2024 est.
11	Burundi	2.81	2024 est.
12	Guinea	2.74	2024 est.
13	Tanzania	2.72	2024 est.
14	Cameroon	2.71	2024 est.
15	Somalia	2.55	2024 est.
16	Sudan	2.55	2024 est.
17	Mozambique	2.54	2024 est.
18	Guinea-Bissau	2.54	2024 est.
19	Nigeria	2.52	2024 est.
20	Senegal	2.46	2024 est.
21	Togo	2.41	2024 est.
22	Burkina Faso	2.4	2024 est.
23	Congo, Republic of the	2.38	2024 est.
24	Ukraine	2.38	2024 est.
25	Gabon	2.37	2024 est.
26	Ethiopia	2.37	2024 est.
27	Venezuela	2.34	2024 est.
28	Liberia	2.32	2024 est.
29	Sierra Leone	2.32	2024 est.
30	Papua New Guinea	2.26	2024 est.
31	Malawi	2.22	2024 est.
32	Afghanistan	2.22	2024 est.
33	Madagascar	2.18	2024 est.
34	Gambia, The	2.16	2024 est.
35	Ghana	2.15	2024 est.
36	Cote d'Ivoire	2.13	2024 est.
37	West Bank	2.07	2024 est.
38	Kenya	2.06	2024 est.
39	Timor-Leste	2.04	2024 est.
40	Gaza Strip	2.02	2024 est.
41	Iraq	1.99	2024 est.
42	Tajikistan	1.92	2024 est.
43	Mauritania	1.92	2024 est.
44	Zimbabwe	1.91	2024 est.
45	Djibouti	1.89	2024 est.
46	Pakistan	1.86	2024 est.
47	British Virgin Islands	1.82	2024 est.
48	Yemen	1.78	2024 est.
49	Turks and Caicos Islands	1.77	2024 est.
50	Central African Republic	1.76	2024 est.
51	Cayman Islands	1.75	2024 est.
52	Oman	1.75	2024 est.
53	Anguilla	1.74	2024 est.
54	Namibia	1.72	2024 est.
55	Saudi Arabia	1.68	2024 est.
56	Syria	1.67	2024 est.
57	Solomon Islands	1.65	2024 est.
58	Rwanda	1.62	2024 est.
59	Israel	1.58	2024 est.
60	Philippines	1.56	2024 est.
61	Vanuatu	1.55	2024 est.
62	Algeria	1.54	2024 est.
63	Luxembourg	1.52	2024 est.
64	Guatemala	1.49	2024 est.
65	Egypt	1.49	2024 est.
66	Panama	1.48	2024 est.
67	Belize	1.47	2024 est.
68	Libya	1.44	2024 est.
69	Uzbekistan	1.43	2024 est.
70	Sao Tome and Principe	1.42	2024 est.
71	Brunei	1.4	2024 est.
72	Botswana	1.34	2024 est.
73	Comoros	1.3	2024 est.
74	Honduras	1.29	2024 est.
75	Laos	1.26	2024 est.
76	Marshall Islands	1.26	2024 est.
77	Haiti	1.23	2024 est.
78	Cabo Verde	1.16	2024 est.
79	Sint Maarten	1.15	2024 est.
80	New Caledonia	1.14	2024 est.
81	Australia	1.13	2024 est.
82	Eritrea	1.12	2024 est.
83	Antigua and Barbuda	1.11	2024 est.
84	Christmas Island	1.11	2014 est.
85	Kuwait	1.1	2024 est.
86	Paraguay	1.09	2024 est.
87	Aruba	1.08	2024 est.
88	Bahamas, The	1.07	2024 est.
89	Suriname	1.07	2024 est.
90	South Africa	1.07	2024 est.
91	Kiribati	1	2024 est.
92	Bolivia	1	2024 est.
93	Cambodia	0.99	2024 est.
94	Malaysia	0.99	2024 est.
95	Cyprus	0.95	2024 est.
96	New Zealand	0.95	2024 est.
97	Nicaragua	0.95	2024 est.
98	Bhutan	0.95	2024 est.
99	Ecuador	0.94	2024 est.
100	Ireland	0.93	2024 est.
101	Turkmenistan	0.92	2024 est.
102	Vietnam	0.89	2024 est.
103	Bangladesh	0.89	2024 est.
104	Iran	0.88	2024 est.
105	Singapore	0.87	2024 est.
106	Kazakhstan	0.86	2024 est.
107	Iceland	0.85	2024 est.
108	Morocco	0.84	2024 est.
109	Bahrain	0.82	2024 est.
110	Argentina	0.79	2024 est.
111	Kyrgyzstan	0.79	2024 est.
112	Tuvalu	0.78	2024 est.
113	Mongolia	0.78	2024 est.
114	Jordan	0.78	2024 est.
115	Dominican Republic	0.76	2024 est.
116	Lesotho	0.76	2024 est.
117	Switzerland	0.75	2024 est.
118	Paracel Islands	0.75	2021 est.
119	Costa Rica	0.74	2024 est.
120	Indonesia	0.73	2024 est.
121	India	0.72	2024 est.
122	Mexico	0.72	2024 est.
123	Burma	0.71	2024 est.
124	Monaco	0.71	2024 est.
125	Canada	0.71	2024 est.
126	Qatar	0.71	2024 est.
127	Eswatini	0.7	2024 est.
128	Nepal	0.7	2024 est.
129	Liechtenstein	0.69	2024 est.
130	Kosovo	0.68	2024 est.
131	United States	0.67	2024 est.
132	Macau	0.67	2024 est.
133	French Polynesia	0.66	2024 est.
134	Samoa	0.65	2024 est.
135	Faroe Islands	0.63	2024 est.
136	Chile	0.61	2024 est.
137	Lebanon	0.61	2024 est.
138	Brazil	0.61	2024 est.
139	Turkey (Turkiye)	0.61	2024 est.
140	United Arab Emirates	0.6	2024 est.
141	Montserrat	0.59	2024 est.
142	Norway	0.59	2024 est.
143	Tunisia	0.58	2024 est.
144	San Marino	0.57	2024 est.
145	Seychelles	0.56	2024 est.
146	Jersey	0.56	2024 est.
147	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.56	2024 est.
148	Belgium	0.53	2024 est.
149	Sweden	0.51	2024 est.
150	Malta	0.51	2024 est.
151	Peru	0.48	2024 est.
152	Colombia	0.48	2024 est.
153	Isle of Man	0.45	2024 est.
154	United Kingdom	0.45	2024 est.
155	Denmark	0.44	2024 est.
156	Azerbaijan	0.43	2024 est.
157	Fiji	0.4	2024 est.
158	Korea, North	0.4	2024 est.
159	Sri Lanka	0.39	2024 est.
160	Netherlands	0.39	2024 est.
161	Nauru	0.39	2024 est.
162	Palau	0.38	2024 est.
163	El Salvador	0.34	2024 est.
164	Guyana	0.32	2024 est.
165	Bermuda	0.3	2024 est.
166	Saint Martin	0.3	2024 est.
167	Austria	0.3	2024 est.
168	Curacao	0.28	2024 est.
169	Grenada	0.27	2024 est.
170	Uruguay	0.26	2024 est.
171	Saint Lucia	0.26	2024 est.
172	China	0.23	2024 est.
173	Barbados	0.23	2024 est.
174	Wallis and Futuna	0.22	2024 est.
175	Korea, South	0.21	2024 est.
176	Guernsey	0.21	2024 est.
177	France	0.2	2024 est.
178	Finland	0.2	2024 est.
179	Gibraltar	0.17	2024 est.
180	Thailand	0.17	2024 est.
181	Albania	0.16	2024 est.
182	Spain	0.12	2024 est.
183	Hong Kong	0.12	2024 est.
184	Guam	0.11	2024 est.
185	Jamaica	0.1	2024 est.
186	Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha	0.1	2024 est.
187	North Macedonia	0.1	2024 est.
188	Trinidad and Tobago	0.1	2024 est.
189	Mauritius	0.07	2024 est.
190	Czechia	0.04	2024 est.
191	Taiwan	0.03	2024 est.
192	Norfolk Island	0.01	2014 est.
193	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	0.01	2014 est.
194	Holy See (Vatican City)	0	2014 est.
195	Pitcairn Islands	0	2014 est.
196	Dominica	-0.01	2024 est.
197	Tokelau	-0.01	2019 est.
198	Niue	-0.03	2021 est.
199	Svalbard	-0.03	2019 est.
200	Greenland	-0.05	2024 est.
201	Italy	-0.08	2024 est.
202	Slovakia	-0.08	2024 est.
203	Slovenia	-0.1	2024 est.
204	Saint Barthelemy	-0.11	2024 est.
205	Andorra	-0.12	2024 est.
206	Germany	-0.12	2024 est.
207	Portugal	-0.14	2024 est.
208	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	-0.15	2024 est.
209	Cuba	-0.17	2024 est.
210	Maldives	-0.2	2024 est.
211	Bosnia and Herzegovina	-0.25	2024 est.
212	Hungary	-0.28	2024 est.
213	Tonga	-0.34	2024 est.
214	Northern Mariana Islands	-0.34	2024 est.
215	Greece	-0.35	2024 est.
216	Belarus	-0.42	2024 est.
217	Armenia	-0.42	2024 est.
218	Japan	-0.43	2024 est.
219	Montenegro	-0.44	2024 est.
220	Croatia	-0.46	2024 est.
221	Russia	-0.49	2024 est.
222	Georgia	-0.5	2024 est.
223	Virgin Islands	-0.54	2024 est.
224	Moldova	-0.58	2024 est.
225	Serbia	-0.61	2024 est.
226	Bulgaria	-0.66	2024 est.
227	Micronesia, Federated States of	-0.73	2024 est.
228	Estonia	-0.76	2024 est.
229	Romania	-0.94	2024 est.
230	Poland	-1	2024 est.
231	Lithuania	-1.05	2024 est.
232	Latvia	-1.14	2024 est.
233	Puerto Rico	-1.2	2024 est.
234	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	-1.21	2024 est.
235	American Samoa	-1.54	2024 est.
236	Cook Islands	-2.24	2024 est.

ATTACHMENT TEN “D” - LIFE EXPECTANCY

Rank	Country	years	Date of Information
1	Monaco	89.8	2024 est.
2	Singapore	86.7	2024 est.
3	Macau	85.3	2024 est.
4	Japan	85.2	2024 est.
5	Canada	84.2	2024 est.
6	San Marino	84.2	2024 est.
7	Hong Kong	84	2024 est.
8	Iceland	84	2024 est.
9	Switzerland	83.9	2024 est.
10	Andorra	83.8	2024 est.
11	Guernsey	83.6	2024 est.
12	Malta	83.6	2024 est.
13	Australia	83.5	2024 est.
14	Luxembourg	83.4	2024 est.
15	Korea, South	83.4	2024 est.
16	Israel	83.1	2024 est.
17	Jersey	83	2024 est.
18	Spain	83	2024 est.
19	Italy	83	2024 est.
20	Liechtenstein	83	2024 est.
21	Sweden	82.9	2024 est.
22	Norway	82.9	2024 est.
23	New Zealand	82.9	2024 est.
24	Austria	82.7	2024 est.
25	France	82.6	2024 est.
26	Anguilla	82.6	2024 est.
27	Cayman Islands	82.5	2024 est.
28	Isle of Man	82.5	2024 est.
29	Bermuda	82.5	2024 est.
30	Belgium	82.3	2024 est.
31	Finland	82.2	2024 est.
32	Slovenia	82.2	2024 est.
33	United Kingdom	82.2	2024 est.
34	Puerto Rico	82.1	2024 est.
35	Denmark	82.1	2024 est.
36	Ireland	82	2024 est.
37	Portugal	81.9	2024 est.
38	Germany	81.9	2024 est.
39	Netherlands	81.9	2024 est.
40	Greece	81.9	2024 est.
41	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	81.8	2024 est.
42	Faroe Islands	81.7	2024 est.
43	Taiwan	81.6	2024 est.
44	Turks and Caicos Islands	81.3	2024 est.
45	Wallis and Futuna	81.1	2024 est.
46	Saint Martin	81	2024 est.
47	Saint Barthelemy	81	2024 est.
48	Gibraltar	80.9	2024 est.
49	United States	80.9	2024 est.
50	Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha	80.9	2024 est.
51	Virgin Islands	80.7	2024 est.
52	Bahrain	80.4	2024 est.
53	Qatar	80.3	2024 est.
54	Costa Rica	80.3	2024 est.
55	Chile	80.3	2024 est.
56	Cyprus	80.2	2024 est.
57	British Virgin Islands	80.1	2024 est.
58	Cuba	80.1	2024 est.
59	Curacao	79.9	2024 est.
60	United Arab Emirates	79.9	2024 est.
61	Albania	79.9	2024 est.
62	Sint Maarten	79.7	2024 est.
63	Kuwait	79.6	2024 est.
64	Saint Lucia	79.4	2024 est.
65	New Caledonia	79.3	2024 est.
66	Panama	79.2	2024 est.
67	Lebanon	79.2	2024 est.
68	Barbados	79	2024 est.
69	French Polynesia	78.9	2024 est.
70	Uruguay	78.9	2024 est.
71	Brunei	78.9	2024 est.
72	Argentina	78.8	2024 est.
73	Paraguay	78.8	2024 est.
74	Dominica	78.7	2024 est.
75	China	78.7	2024 est.
76	Czechia	78.6	2024 est.
77	Bosnia and Herzegovina	78.5	2024 est.
78	Aruba	78.5	2024 est.
79	Estonia	78.4	2024 est.
80	Antigua and Barbuda	78.3	2024 est.
81	Thailand	78.2	2024 est.
82	Montenegro	78.2	2024 est.
83	Guam	78	2024 est.
84	Tonga	78	2024 est.
85	Algeria	77.9	2024 est.
86	Croatia	77.7	2024 est.
87	Libya	77.7	2024 est.
88	Cook Islands	77.6	2024 est.
89	Saint Kitts and Nevis	77.6	2024 est.
90	Maldives	77.4	2024 est.
91	Oman	77.4	2024 est.
92	North Macedonia	77.3	2024 est.
93	Tunisia	77.3	2024 est.
94	Slovakia	77.2	2024 est.
95	Solomon Islands	77.2	2024 est.
96	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	77.2	2024 est.
97	Saudi Arabia	77.2	2024 est.
98	Northern Mariana Islands	77.1	2024 est.
99	Romania	76.9	2024 est.
100	Sri Lanka	76.8	2024 est.
101	Poland	76.7	2024 est.
102	Armenia	76.7	2024 est.
103	Turkey (Turkiye)	76.7	2024 est.
104	Bahamas, The	76.7	2024 est.
105	Seychelles	76.6	2024 est.
106	Malaysia	76.6	2024 est.
107	Trinidad and Tobago	76.5	2024 est.
108	West Bank	76.5	2024 est.
109	Jordan	76.5	2024 est.
110	Latvia	76.4	2024 est.
111	Jamaica	76.3	2024 est.
112	Grenada	76.3	2024 est.
113	Brazil	76.3	2024 est.
114	Uzbekistan	76.2	2024 est.
115	Vietnam	76.1	2024 est.
116	Montserrat	76.1	2024 est.
117	Lithuania	76.1	2024 est.
118	Bulgaria	76.1	2024 est.
119	Hungary	76	2024 est.
120	Azerbaijan	75.9	2024 est.
121	El Salvador	75.9	2024 est.
122	American Samoa	75.8	2024 est.
123	Vanuatu	75.7	2024 est.
124	Samoa	75.7	2024 est.
125	Iran	75.6	2024 est.
126	Gaza Strip	75.5	2024 est.
127	Mauritius	75.4	2024 est.
128	Serbia	75.3	2024 est.
129	Bangladesh	75.2	2024 est.
130	Marshall Islands	75.2	2024 est.
131	Palau	75.2	2024 est.
132	Egypt	75	2024 est.
133	Micronesia, Federated States of	75	2024 est.
134	Colombia	74.9	2024 est.
135	Ecuador	74.9	2024 est.
136	Fiji	74.8	2024 est.
137	Syria	74.8	2024 est.
138	Belarus	74.7	2024 est.
139	Nicaragua	74.7	2024 est.
140	Mexico	74.6	2024 est.
141	Greenland	74.5	2024 est.
142	Venezuela	74.5	2024 est.
143	Belize	74.3	2024 est.
144	Cabo Verde	74.3	2024 est.
145	Morocco	74.2	2024 est.
146	Iraq	73.7	2024 est.
147	Bhutan	73.7	2024 est.
148	Indonesia	73.6	2024 est.
149	Guatemala	73.5	2024 est.
150	Korea, North	73.5	2024 est.
151	Kazakhstan	73.3	2024 est.
152	Honduras	73.1	2024 est.
153	Kosovo	73.1	2024 est.
154	Nepal	73	2024 est.
155	Malawi	73	2024 est.
156	Congo, Republic of the	72.9	2024 est.
157	Kyrgyzstan	72.9	2024 est.
158	Georgia	72.8	2024 est.
159	Suriname	72.7	2024 est.
160	Dominican Republic	72.6	2024 est.
161	Bolivia	72.5	2024 est.
162	Turkmenistan	72.4	2024 est.
163	Guyana	72.4	2024 est.
164	Russia	72.3	2024 est.
165	Togo	72.1	2024 est.
166	South Africa	71.9	2024 est.
167	Tajikistan	71.9	2024 est.
168	Mongolia	71.9	2024 est.
169	Cambodia	71.4	2024 est.
170	Philippines	70.8	2024 est.
171	Tanzania	70.8	2024 est.
172	Senegal	70.6	2024 est.
173	Ukraine	70.5	2024 est.
174	Timor-Leste	70.5	2024 est.
175	Gabon	70.4	2024 est.
176	Kenya	70.4	2024 est.
177	Burma	70.3	2024 est.
178	Pakistan	70.3	2024 est.
179	Moldova	70.1	2024 est.
180	Ghana	70.1	2024 est.
181	Papua New Guinea	70.1	2024 est.
182	Uganda	69.7	2024 est.
183	Laos	69	2024 est.
184	Tuvalu	69	2024 est.
185	Peru	68.9	2024 est.
186	Madagascar	68.8	2024 est.
187	Nauru	68.6	2024 est.
188	Kiribati	68.5	2024 est.
189	Gambia, The	68.4	2024 est.
190	India	68.2	2024 est.
191	Yemen	68.2	2024 est.
192	Burundi	68.1	2024 est.
193	Comoros	67.8	2024 est.
194	Sudan	67.8	2024 est.
195	Sao Tome and Principe	67.7	2024 est.
196	Ethiopia	67.7	2024 est.
197	Eritrea	67.5	2024 est.
198	Zimbabwe	67.2	2024 est.
199	Zambia	66.9	2024 est.
200	Rwanda	66.6	2024 est.
201	Botswana	66.4	2024 est.
202	Djibouti	65.9	2024 est.
203	Namibia	65.9	2024 est.
204	Mauritania	65.9	2024 est.
205	Haiti	65.6	2024 est.
206	Guinea	64.6	2024 est.
207	Guinea-Bissau	64.5	2024 est.
208	Burkina Faso	64.2	2024 est.
209	Cameroon	64.2	2024 est.
210	Equatorial Guinea	63.9	2024 est.
211	Mali	63.2	2024 est.
212	Cote d'Ivoire	63.2	2024 est.
213	Benin	63	2024 est.
214	Angola	62.9	2024 est.
215	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	62.6	2024 est.
216	Nigeria	62.2	2024 est.
217	Liberia	61.6	2024 est.
218	Niger	60.9	2024 est.
219	Eswatini	60.7	2024 est.
220	South Sudan	60.3	2024 est.
221	Lesotho	60.2	2024 est.
222	Chad	60	2024 est.
223	Sierra Leone	59.4	2024 est.
224	Mozambique	58.3	2024 est.
225	Somalia	56.5	2024 est.
226	Central African Republic	56.4	2024 est.
227	Afghanistan	54.4	2024 est.

AI overview on Life Expectancy of US, Monaco and Afghanistan with URLs and nuggets:

The projected U.S. life expectancy for 2025 is about 78.4 years, with male life expectancy estimated at 75.8 years and female life expectancy at 81.1 years. This figure represents a continued rebound from the COVID-19 pandemic, with Hawaii projected to have the highest life expectancy at 80.7 years, while Mississippi is expected to have the lowest at 71.9 years.

· National Average: The national average life expectancy is projected to be approximately 78.4 years.

· Gender:

o Male: Projected to be 75.8 years.

o Female: Projected to be 81.1 years.

· State Variations: There is a significant difference in life expectancy between states.

o Highest: Hawaii is projected to have the highest life expectancy at 80.7 years.

o Lowest: Mississippi is projected to have the lowest life expectancy at 71.9 years.

· Trends: The 2025 projection continues a rebound from a decline in life expectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors contributing to the rebound include decreased mortality from COVID-19, heart disease, and unintentional injuries.

Life Expectancy by State 2025

World Population Review

https://worldpopulationreview.com › state-rankings › lif...

In 2021, American men could expect to live 73.5 years on average, while American women could expect to live 79.3 years—a 5.8-year gap. Top 10 States with the ...

Alarming Stagnation In U.S. Life Expectancy Continues

Forbes

https://www.forbes.com › Innovation › Healthcare

Jan 1, 2025 — Over the next 25 years, U.S. life expectancy is projected to rise by only two years, to 80·4. The U.S. will fall from 49th to 66th globally ...

US Life Expectancy Is Rebounding | Population Health

JAMA

https://jamanetwork.com › JAMA

by L Schneider · 2025 — The overall average life expectancy rose by almost a year between 2022 and 2023, from 77.5 years to 78.4 years. During this period, male life ...

Yale School of Public Health

https://ysph.yale.edu › news-article › study-reveals-star...

Apr 29, 2025 — A sweeping new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) reveals striking disparities in life expectancy across US states and the ...

AI Overview - Monaco

In 2025, Monaco's life expectancy is the highest in the world, with an average of approximately 86.5 to 86.6 years. This figure varies slightly by source, with a more detailed breakdown showing 89.7 years for both sexes, 85.8 years for men, and 93.8 years for women. This is attributed to high-quality healthcare and a healthy Mediterranean lifestyle.

· Average life expectancy: Around 86.5 to 86.6 years, though one source provides a figure of 89.7 years.

· Male life expectancy: Approximately 85.8 years.

· Female life expectancy: Approximately 93.8 years.

· Factors contributing to high life expectancy: Excellent state-funded healthcare, high GDP per capita allowing access to top-tier medical care, and a healthy Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil, seafood, and vegetables.

A Breathtaking Coastal European Country Has The Highest ...

islands.com

https://www.islands.com › Destinations › Europe

Jun 21, 2025 — Monaco surpasses all other countries with an average life expectancy of 86.6 years, according to 2024 United Nations data. Put simply, having ...

AI Overview - Afghanistan

Afghanistan's life expectancy for 2025 is estimated to be around 66.53 years, which is a slight increase from the previous year. While some sources provide a single estimate, others show variations, with one source listing 66.5 years and another around 68.1 years.

· Estimated 2025 life expectancy: Approximately 66.53 years.

· Comparison to 2024: This represents a 0.43% increase from the 2024 estimate.

· Other estimates: Other sources provide slightly different figures for 2025, such as 66.5 or 68.1 years.

Afghanistan life expectancy rising as healthcare improves, survey shows

Better access to healthcare in last decade has resulted in Afghans living longer and the infant mortality rate being cut

Wed 30 Nov 2011 10.15 EST

It indicates that increased access to healthcare, more hospitals, clinics and doctors have significantly contributed to an overall improvement in the health of most Afghans.

"There have been many changes in the health sector and that is why we have so many positive changes," said Bashir Noormal, director general of the Afghan Public Health Institute.

"We now update doctors, midwives and all the staff of this hospital," she said. "We also have a midwife clinic and supply midwives to the provinces."

The study, however, revealed significant gaps between rural and urban areas and showed that wealth and education play a key role in the level of healthcare Afghans receive.

The Afghan government, experts and sponsors say it also shows that development aid to Afghanistan in the health sector has worked, despite obstacles, bureaucracy and endemic corruption.

They argue that aid must not be reduced as the international community gradually trims the funds it provides the government as it starts drawing down the 130,000 troops currently in the country.

The World Bank said Afghanistan this year received $15.7bn (£10bn) in aid, representing more than 90% of its public spending.

ATTACHMENT TEN “E” - NET MIGRATION RATE

Rank	Country	migrant(s)/1,000 population	Date of Information
1	Ukraine	36.5	2024 est.
2	South Sudan	19.1	2024 est.
3	Venezuela	13.2	2024 est.
4	British Virgin Islands	12.9	2024 est.
5	Cayman Islands	12.1	2024 est.
6	Equatorial Guinea	12.1	2024 est.
7	Monaco	11.7	2024 est.
8	Luxembourg	10.8	2024 est.
9	Anguilla	10.3	2024 est.
10	Turks and Caicos Islands	8.3	2024 est.
11	Aruba	8	2024 est.
12	Saudi Arabia	6.7	2024 est.
13	Cyprus	6.3	2024 est.
14	Switzerland	5.9	2024 est.
15	Australia	5.9	2024 est.
16	Sint Maarten	5.7	2024 est.
17	Ireland	5.6	2024 est.
18	San Marino	5.6	2024 est.
19	Canada	5.3	2024 est.
20	Liechtenstein	4.7	2024 est.
21	Malta	4.4	2024 est.
22	Isle of Man	4.3	2024 est.
23	Djibouti	4.2	2024 est.
24	Singapore	4.2	2024 est.
25	Spain	4.1	2024 est.
26	Sweden	4	2024 est.
27	Belgium	4	2024 est.
28	Norway	3.9	2024 est.
29	New Zealand	3.8	2024 est.
30	New Caledonia	3.6	2024 est.
31	Gabon	3.5	2024 est.
32	Austria	3.5	2024 est.
33	Italy	3.4	2024 est.
34	Bahamas, The	3.2	2024 est.
35	Macau	3.1	2024 est.
36	Panama	3	2024 est.
37	Netherlands	3	2024 est.
38	United States	3	2024 est.
39	United Kingdom	2.9	2024 est.
40	Czechia	2.7	2024 est.
41	Denmark	2.7	2024 est.
42	Botswana	2.7	2024 est.
43	Korea, South	2.6	2024 est.
44	Hungary	2.5	2024 est.
45	Iceland	2.5	2024 est.
46	Suriname	2.5	2024 est.
47	Finland	2.2	2024 est.
48	Brunei	2.1	2024 est.
49	Antigua and Barbuda	2	2024 est.
50	Belize	2	2024 est.
51	Israel	1.9	2024 est.
52	Costa Rica	1.9	2024 est.
53	Germany	1.8	2024 est.
54	Hong Kong	1.6	2024 est.
55	Guernsey	1.6	2024 est.
56	Portugal	1.5	2024 est.
57	Malaysia	1.5	2024 est.
58	Slovenia	1.5	2024 est.
59	Bermuda	1.4	2024 est.
60	Sierra Leone	1.4	2024 est.
61	Jersey	1.2	2024 est.
62	Cote d'Ivoire	1.1	2024 est.
63	Greece	1.1	2024 est.
64	Saint Kitts and Nevis	1.1	2024 est.
65	France	1.1	2024 est.
66	Taiwan	1.1	2024 est.
67	Belarus	0.8	2024 est.
68	Russia	0.8	2024 est.
69	Seychelles	0.8	2024 est.
70	Japan	0.7	2024 est.
71	Palau	0.7	2024 est.
72	North Macedonia	0.4	2024 est.
73	Slovakia	0.4	2024 est.
74	Chile	0.3	2024 est.
75	Benin	0.2	2024 est.
76	Zambia	0.1	2024 est.
77	India	0.1	2024 est.
78	Mauritius	0	2024 est.
79	Andorra	0	2024 est.
80	Gambia, The	0	2024 est.
81	Moldova	0	2024 est.
82	Serbia	0	2024 est.
83	Montserrat	0	2024 est.
84	Iraq	0	2024 est.
85	Madagascar	0	2024 est.
86	Croatia	0	2024 est.
87	Namibia	0	2024 est.
88	Malawi	0	2024 est.
89	Guinea	0	2024 est.
90	Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha	0	2024 est.
91	Korea, North	0	2024 est.
92	Bhutan	0	2024 est.
93	Faroe Islands	0	2024 est.
94	Papua New Guinea	0	2024 est.
95	Paraguay	-0.1	2024 est.
96	Ethiopia	-0.1	2024 est.
97	Congo, Republic of the	-0.1	2024 est.
98	Argentina	-0.1	2024 est.
99	Afghanistan	-0.1	2024 est.
100	China	-0.1	2024 est.
101	Chad	-0.1	2024 est.
102	Kenya	-0.2	2024 est.
103	Brazil	-0.2	2024 est.
104	South Africa	-0.2	2024 est.
105	Angola	-0.2	2024 est.
106	Vietnam	-0.2	2024 est.
107	Ghana	-0.2	2024 est.
108	Yemen	-0.2	2024 est.
109	Philippines	-0.2	2024 est.
110	Nigeria	-0.2	2024 est.
111	Bulgaria	-0.3	2024 est.
112	Barbados	-0.3	2024 est.
113	Iran	-0.3	2024 est.
114	Cameroon	-0.3	2024 est.
115	Egypt	-0.3	2024 est.
116	Thailand	-0.3	2024 est.
117	Kazakhstan	-0.4	2024 est.
118	Bosnia and Herzegovina	-0.4	2024 est.
119	Kosovo	-0.4	2024 est.
120	Tanzania	-0.4	2024 est.
121	Oman	-0.5	2024 est.
122	Algeria	-0.5	2024 est.
123	Burkina Faso	-0.6	2024 est.
124	Cabo Verde	-0.6	2024 est.
125	Niger	-0.6	2024 est.
126	French Polynesia	-0.6	2024 est.
127	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	-0.6	2024 est.
128	Saint Lucia	-0.6	2024 est.
129	Azerbaijan	-0.6	2024 est.
130	Paracel Islands	-0.66	2021 est.
131	Mexico	-0.7	2024 est.
132	Indonesia	-0.7	2024 est.
133	Mauritania	-0.7	2024 est.
134	Senegal	-0.7	2024 est.
135	Qatar	-0.7	2024 est.
136	Somalia	-0.7	2024 est.
137	Burundi	-0.7	2024 est.
138	Mongolia	-0.8	2024 est.
139	Liberia	-0.8	2024 est.
140	Uruguay	-0.9	2024 est.
141	Lebanon	-0.9	2024 est.
142	Trinidad and Tobago	-0.9	2024 est.
143	Bolivia	-1	2024 est.
144	Saint Barthelemy	-1	2024 est.
145	Laos	-1	2024 est.
146	Peru	-1	2024 est.
147	Syria	-1.1	2024 est.
148	Pakistan	-1.1	2024 est.
149	Uzbekistan	-1.1	2024 est.
150	Ecuador	-1.1	2024 est.
151	Bahrain	-1.2	2024 est.
152	Curacao	-1.3	2024 est.
153	Vanuatu	-1.3	2024 est.
154	Tunisia	-1.3	2024 est.
155	Burma	-1.4	2024 est.
156	Turkey (Turkiye)	-1.5	2024 est.
157	Solomon Islands	-1.5	2024 est.
158	Mozambique	-1.5	2024 est.
159	Sudan	-1.6	2024 est.
160	Haiti	-1.6	2024 est.
161	Guatemala	-1.6	2024 est.
162	Turkmenistan	-1.7	2024 est.
163	Morocco	-1.7	2024 est.
164	Togo	-1.7	2024 est.
165	Honduras	-1.7	2024 est.
166	Nicaragua	-1.8	2024 est.
167	Tajikistan	-2	2024 est.
168	Colombia	-2.1	2024 est.
169	Cuba	-2.1	2024 est.
170	Comoros	-2.2	2024 est.
171	Grenada	-2.2	2024 est.
172	Libya	-2.5	2024 est.
173	Cambodia	-2.6	2024 est.
174	Estonia	-2.7	2024 est.
175	Dominican Republic	-2.7	2024 est.
176	Kiribati	-2.8	2024 est.
177	Mali	-2.9	2024 est.
178	Bangladesh	-2.9	2024 est.
179	Sri Lanka	-3	2024 est.
180	Central African Republic	-3.1	2024 est.
181	United Arab Emirates	-3.1	2024 est.
182	Rwanda	-3.1	2024 est.
183	Uganda	-3.1	2024 est.
184	Zimbabwe	-3.2	2024 est.
185	Albania	-3.2	2024 est.
186	Gibraltar	-3.2	2024 est.
187	Romania	-3.3	2024 est.
188	Guinea-Bissau	-3.5	2024 est.
189	Wallis and Futuna	-3.6	2024 est.
190	Gaza Strip	-3.7	2024 est.
191	West Bank	-3.8	2024 est.
192	Timor-Leste	-3.8	2024 est.
193	Georgia	-3.8	2024 est.
194	Tokelau	-3.84	2021 est.
195	Lithuania	-4.1	2024 est.
196	Kuwait	-4.2	2024 est.
197	Marshall Islands	-4.3	2024 est.
198	Nepal	-4.4	2024 est.
199	Lesotho	-4.5	2024 est.
200	Kyrgyzstan	-4.8	2024 est.
201	Latvia	-4.9	2024 est.
202	Greenland	-4.9	2024 est.
203	Montenegro	-5	2024 est.
204	Armenia	-5.2	2024 est.
205	Dominica	-5.3	2024 est.
206	Fiji	-5.5	2024 est.
207	Svalbard	-5.57	2021 est.
208	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	-5.8	2024 est.
209	Eswatini	-6	2024 est.
210	Poland	-6.2	2024 est.
211	Saint Martin	-6.2	2024 est.
212	Tuvalu	-6.3	2024 est.
213	Sao Tome and Principe	-6.5	2024 est.
214	Guyana	-6.6	2024 est.
215	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	-6.8	2024 est.
216	Samoa	-6.9	2024 est.
217	Jamaica	-7.1	2024 est.
218	Virgin Islands	-7.3	2024 est.
219	El Salvador	-7.7	2024 est.
220	Eritrea	-8.7	2024 est.
221	Puerto Rico	-9.6	2024 est.
222	Nauru	-9.8	2024 est.
223	Jordan	-10.9	2024 est.
224	Guam	-10.9	2024 est.
225	Maldives	-12.8	2024 est.
226	Northern Mariana Islands	-13.4	2024 est.
227	Tonga	-18.1	2024 est.
228	Micronesia, Federated States of	-21	2024 est.
229	American Samoa	-24.8	2024 est.
230	Cook Islands	-25.1	2024 est.

ATTACHMENT TEN “F” - REAL (Total) GDP RATE

Rank	Country		Date of Information
1	China	$33,598,000,000,000	2024 est.
2	United States	$25,676,000,000,000	2024 est.
3	India	$14,244,000,000,000	2024 est.
4	Russia	$6,089,000,000,000	2024 est.
5	Japan	$5,715,000,000,000	2024 est.
6	Germany	$5,247,000,000,000	2024 est.
7	Brazil	$4,165,000,000,000	2024 est.
8	Indonesia	$4,102,000,000,000	2024 est.
9	France	$3,732,000,000,000	2024 est.
10	United Kingdom	$3,636,000,000,000	2024 est.
11	Italy	$3,133,000,000,000	2024 est.
12	Turkey (Turkiye)	$3,018,000,000,000	2024 est.
13	Mexico	$2,883,000,000,000	2024 est.
14	Korea, South	$2,607,000,000,000	2023 est.
15	Spain	$2,361,000,000,000	2024 est.
16	Canada	$2,341,000,000,000	2024 est.
17	Saudi Arabia	$2,213,000,000,000	2024 est.
18	Egypt	$1,958,000,000,000	2024 est.
19	Taiwan	$1,743,000,000,000	2023 est.
20	Poland	$1,649,000,000,000	2024 est.
21	Australia	$1,635,000,000,000	2024 est.
22	Thailand	$1,558,000,000,000	2024 est.
23	Iran	$1,486,000,000,000	2024 est.
24	Bangladesh	$1,473,000,000,000	2024 est.
25	Vietnam	$1,456,000,000,000	2024 est.
26	Pakistan	$1,390,000,000,000	2024 est.
27	Nigeria	$1,318,000,000,000	2024 est.
28	Netherlands	$1,276,000,000,000	2024 est.
29	Argentina	$1,213,000,000,000	2024 est.
30	Malaysia	$1,212,000,000,000	2024 est.
31	Philippines	$1,202,000,000,000	2024 est.
32	Colombia	$978,592,000,000	2024 est.
33	South Africa	$870,420,000,000	2024 est.
34	Singapore	$800,304,000,000	2024 est.
35	Romania	$774,376,000,000	2024 est.
36	Belgium	$749,229,000,000	2024 est.
37	United Arab Emirates	$745,994,000,000	2024 est.
38	Switzerland	$741,035,000,000	2024 est.
39	Kazakhstan	$739,385,000,000	2024 est.
40	Algeria	$722,912,000,000	2024 est.
41	Sweden	$668,628,000,000	2024 est.
42	Ireland	$620,544,000,000	2024 est.
43	Chile	$596,556,000,000	2024 est.
44	Iraq	$585,887,000,000	2024 est.
45	Austria	$581,131,000,000	2024 est.
46	Ukraine	$577,583,000,000	2024 est.
47	Peru	$535,911,000,000	2024 est.
48	Czechia	$521,928,000,000	2024 est.
49	Norway	$507,680,000,000	2024 est.
50	Hong Kong	$497,880,000,000	2024 est.
51	Israel	$472,177,000,000	2024 est.
52	Portugal	$448,226,000,000	2024 est.
53	Denmark	$440,558,000,000	2024 est.
54	Greece	$392,205,000,000	2024 est.
55	Hungary	$389,207,000,000	2024 est.
56	Ethiopia	$380,895,000,000	2024 est.
57	Uzbekistan	$379,989,000,000	2024 est.
58	Morocco	$350,594,000,000	2024 est.
59	Kenya	$328,632,000,000	2024 est.
60	Qatar	$317,064,000,000	2024 est.
61	Finland	$313,591,000,000	2024 est.
62	Sri Lanka	$301,407,000,000	2024 est.
63	Burma	$287,559,000,000	2024 est.
64	Angola	$278,239,000,000	2024 est.
65	Dominican Republic	$276,884,000,000	2024 est.
66	Belarus	$265,220,000,000	2024 est.
67	New Zealand	$257,117,000,000	2024 est.
68	Ecuador	$252,728,000,000	2024 est.
69	Tanzania	$246,706,000,000	2024 est.
70	Ghana	$243,124,000,000	2024 est.
71	Guatemala	$232,673,000,000	2024 est.
72	Kuwait	$225,947,000,000	2024 est.
73	Azerbaijan	$225,198,000,000	2024 est.
74	Bulgaria	$219,645,000,000	2024 est.
75	Slovakia	$218,762,000,000	2024 est.
76	Cote d'Ivoire	$215,018,000,000	2024 est.
77	Oman	$193,591,000,000	2024 est.
78	Serbia	$177,093,000,000	2024 est.
79	Croatia	$164,825,000,000	2024 est.
80	Panama	$164,484,000,000	2024 est.
81	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	$164,367,000,000	2024 est.
82	Tunisia	$156,086,000,000	2024 est.
83	Nepal	$149,643,000,000	2024 est.
84	Uganda	$144,137,000,000	2024 est.
85	Cameroon	$143,264,000,000	2024 est.
86	Puerto Rico	$141,344,000,000	2024 est.
87	Costa Rica	$138,371,000,000	2024 est.
88	Lithuania	$136,227,000,000	2024 est.
89	Turkmenistan	$134,555,000,000	2024 est.
90	Cambodia	$123,676,000,000	2024 est.
91	Bolivia	$122,200,000,000	2024 est.
92	Paraguay	$112,919,000,000	2024 est.
93	Venezuela	$110,943,000,000	2023 est.
94	Jordan	$109,986,000,000	2024 est.
95	Uruguay	$108,502,000,000	2024 est.
96	Slovenia	$103,118,000,000	2024 est.
97	Syria	$98,858,000,000	2023 est.
98	Sudan	$94,420,000,000	2024 est.
99	Bahrain	$93,937,000,000	2024 est.
100	Georgia	$91,849,000,000	2024 est.
101	Libya	$90,609,000,000	2024 est.
102	Luxembourg	$86,871,000,000	2024 est.
103	Senegal	$83,183,000,000	2024 est.
104	Afghanistan	$82,238,000,000	2023 est.
105	Cuba	$81,165,000,000	2024 est.
106	Zambia	$79,207,000,000	2024 est.
107	Macau	$77,524,000,000	2024 est.
108	El Salvador	$73,961,000,000	2024 est.
109	Latvia	$72,516,000,000	2024 est.
110	Honduras	$71,297,000,000	2024 est.
111	Mali	$71,253,000,000	2024 est.
112	Laos	$66,905,000,000	2024 est.
113	Lebanon	$65,415,000,000	2023 est.
114	Bosnia and Herzegovina	$64,641,000,000	2024 est.
115	Armenia	$60,909,000,000	2024 est.
116	Burkina Faso	$60,001,000,000	2024 est.
117	Guinea	$59,439,000,000	2024 est.
118	Mongolia	$59,221,000,000	2024 est.
119	Guyana	$58,423,000,000	2024 est.
120	Zimbabwe	$57,391,000,000	2024 est.
121	Estonia	$57,001,000,000	2024 est.
122	Benin	$56,424,000,000	2024 est.
123	Nicaragua	$52,989,000,000	2024 est.
124	Madagascar	$52,968,000,000	2024 est.
125	Chad	$52,895,000,000	2024 est.
126	Mozambique	$51,786,000,000	2024 est.
127	Albania	$51,360,000,000	2024 est.
128	Kyrgyzstan	$50,907,000,000	2024 est.
129	Tajikistan	$50,370,000,000	2024 est.
130	Cyprus	$50,055,000,000	2024 est.
131	Gabon	$48,045,000,000	2024 est.
132	Niger	$47,921,000,000	2024 est.
133	Rwanda	$46,543,000,000	2024 est.
134	Botswana	$45,553,000,000	2024 est.
135	Papua New Guinea	$45,487,000,000	2024 est.
136	North Macedonia	$43,844,000,000	2024 est.
137	Trinidad and Tobago	$43,362,000,000	2024 est.
138	Moldova	$39,342,000,000	2024 est.
139	Congo, Republic of the	$39,147,000,000	2024 est.
140	Brunei	$36,640,000,000	2024 est.
141	Malawi	$35,425,000,000	2024 est.
142	Malta	$34,731,000,000	2024 est.
143	Mauritius	$34,406,000,000	2024 est.
144	Mauritania	$33,069,000,000	2024 est.
145	Haiti	$32,971,000,000	2024 est.
146	Namibia	$31,154,000,000	2024 est.
147	Equatorial Guinea	$29,248,000,000	2024 est.
148	Jamaica	$29,130,000,000	2024 est.
149	Togo	$27,115,000,000	2024 est.
150	Somalia	$26,770,000,000	2024 est.
151	Sierra Leone	$26,728,000,000	2024 est.
152	Iceland	$26,561,000,000	2024 est.
153	Kosovo	$25,019,000,000	2024 est.
154	West Bank	$20,339,000,000	2024 est.
155	Gaza Strip	$20,339,000,000	2024 est.
156	Yemen	$18,719,000,000	2024 est.
157	Montenegro	$17,375,000,000	2024 est.
158	Korea, North	$15,416,000,000	2023 est.
159	Bahamas, The	$14,544,000,000	2024 est.
160	Fiji	$13,100,000,000	2024 est.
161	Eswatini	$12,885,000,000	2024 est.
162	Maldives	$12,325,000,000	2024 est.
163	Suriname	$12,316,000,000	2024 est.
164	Burundi	$11,739,000,000	2024 est.
165	Bhutan	$11,517,000,000	2023 est.
166	Liberia	$9,308,000,000	2024 est.
167	Monaco	$8,924,000,000	2024 est.
168	New Caledonia	$8,469,000,000	2024 est.
169	Gambia, The	$8,365,000,000	2024 est.
170	Djibouti	$7,995,000,000	2024 est.
171	Liechtenstein	$7,172,000,000	2024 est.
172	Bermuda	$6,808,000,000	2024 est.
173	South Sudan	$6,752,000,000	2023 est.
174	Lesotho	$6,166,000,000	2024 est.
175	French Polynesia	$6,007,000,000	2024 est.
176	Central African Republic	$5,926,000,000	2024 est.
177	Guinea-Bissau	$5,912,000,000	2024 est.
178	Timor-Leste	$5,863,000,000	2024 est.
179	Cayman Islands	$5,705,000,000	2023 est.
180	Barbados	$5,634,000,000	2024 est.
181	Jersey	$5,569,000,000	2016 est.
182	Belize	$5,538,000,000	2024 est.
183	Andorra	$5,402,000,000	2024 est.
184	Cabo Verde	$5,200,000,000	2024 est.
185	Virgin Islands	$4,900,000,000	2022 est.
186	Saint Lucia	$4,359,000,000	2024 est.
187	Aruba	$4,350,000,000	2023 est.
188	Curacao	$4,312,000,000	2023 est.
189	Greenland	$4,040,000,000	2023 est.
190	Faroe Islands	$3,834,000,000	2023 est.
191	Seychelles	$3,549,000,000	2024 est.
192	Comoros	$3,092,000,000	2024 est.
193	Antigua and Barbuda	$2,772,000,000	2024 est.
194	Eritrea	$2,534,000,000	2024 est.
195	San Marino	$2,393,000,000	2022 est.
196	Grenada	$2,080,000,000	2024 est.
197	Solomon Islands	$2,070,000,000	2024 est.
198	Sint Maarten	$1,986,000,000	2024 est.
199	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	$1,883,000,000	2024 est.
200	British Virgin Islands	$1,634,000,000	2024 est.
201	Turks and Caicos Islands	$1,554,000,000	2024 est.
202	Samoa	$1,503,000,000	2024 est.
203	Saint Kitts and Nevis	$1,465,000,000	2024 est.
204	Sao Tome and Principe	$1,291,000,000	2024 est.
205	Northern Mariana Islands	$1,242,000,000	2016 est.
206	Dominica	$1,241,000,000	2024 est.
207	Vanuatu	$1,039,000,000	2024 est.
208	Tonga	$740,082,000	2023 est.
209	American Samoa	$658,000,000	2016 est.
210	Kiribati	$438,143,000	2024 est.
211	Micronesia, Federated States of	$432,679,000	2024 est.
212	Cook Islands	$401,155,000	2024 est.
213	Anguilla	$362,499,000	2024 est.
214	Palau	$280,025,000	2023 est.
215	Marshall Islands	$270,809,000	2024 est.
216	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	$261,300,000	2015 est.
217	Nauru	$150,581,000	2024 est.
218	Montserrat	$89,254,000	2024 est.
219	Tuvalu	$57,055,000	2023 est.
220	Niue	$18,700,000	2021 est.
221	Tokelau	$7,711,583	2017 est.

ATTACHMENT TEN “G” – GDP PER CAPITA

Rank	Country		Date of Information
1	Monaco	$270,100	2024 est.
2	Liechtenstein	$210,600	2024 est.
3	Singapore	$132,600	2024 est.
4	Luxembourg	$128,200	2024 est.
5	Ireland	$115,300	2024 est.
6	Macau	$112,800	2024 est.
7	Qatar	$110,900	2024 est.
8	Bermuda	$105,300	2024 est.
9	Norway	$91,100	2024 est.
10	Switzerland	$82,000	2024 est.
11	Brunei	$79,200	2024 est.
12	Cayman Islands	$78,100	2023 est.
13	United States	$75,500	2024 est.
14	Denmark	$73,700	2024 est.
15	Greenland	$71,000	2023 est.
16	San Marino	$70,900	2022 est.
17	Netherlands	$70,900	2024 est.
18	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	$70,800	2015 est.
19	Faroe Islands	$70,400	2023 est.
20	Guyana	$70,300	2024 est.
21	United Arab Emirates	$68,600	2024 est.
22	Hong Kong	$66,200	2024 est.
23	Andorra	$65,900	2024 est.
24	Iceland	$65,600	2024 est.
25	Sweden	$63,300	2024 est.
26	Austria	$63,300	2024 est.
27	Belgium	$63,100	2024 est.
28	Germany	$62,800	2024 est.
29	Saudi Arabia	$62,700	2024 est.
30	Malta	$60,500	2024 est.
31	Australia	$60,100	2024 est.
32	Bahrain	$59,100	2024 est.
33	Canada	$56,700	2024 est.
34	Finland	$55,600	2024 est.
35	France	$54,500	2024 est.
36	Cyprus	$53,300	2024 est.
37	Italy	$53,100	2024 est.
38	United Kingdom	$52,500	2024 est.
39	Korea, South	$50,400	2023 est.
40	Slovenia	$48,500	2024 est.
41	Spain	$48,400	2024 est.
42	New Zealand	$48,200	2024 est.
43	Czechia	$48,000	2024 est.
44	Israel	$47,300	2024 est.
45	Lithuania	$47,200	2024 est.
46	Virgin Islands	$46,500	2022 est.
47	Japan	$46,100	2024 est.
48	Sint Maarten	$45,800	2024 est.
49	Kuwait	$45,400	2024 est.
50	Poland	$45,100	2024 est.
51	Puerto Rico	$44,100	2024 est.
52	Croatia	$42,600	2024 est.
53	Portugal	$41,900	2024 est.
54	Russia	$41,700	2024 est.
55	Estonia	$41,500	2024 est.
56	Hungary	$40,700	2024 est.
57	Romania	$40,600	2024 est.
58	British Virgin Islands	$40,500	2024 est.
59	Aruba	$40,500	2023 est.
60	Slovakia	$40,300	2024 est.
61	Latvia	$38,900	2024 est.
62	Greece	$37,800	2024 est.
63	Oman	$36,700	2024 est.
64	Panama	$36,400	2024 est.
65	Bahamas, The	$36,200	2024 est.
66	Kazakhstan	$35,900	2024 est.
67	Guam	$35,600	2016 est.
68	Turkey (Turkiye)	$35,300	2024 est.
69	New Caledonia	$34,600	2024 est.
70	Bulgaria	$34,100	2024 est.
71	Malaysia	$34,100	2024 est.
72	Turks and Caicos Islands	$33,400	2024 est.
73	Taiwan	$32,300	2023 est.
74	Uruguay	$32,000	2024 est.
75	Trinidad and Tobago	$31,700	2024 est.
76	Saint Kitts and Nevis	$31,300	2024 est.
77	Anguilla	$31,000	2024 est.
78	Chile	$30,200	2024 est.
79	Cook Islands	$29,800	2024 est.
80	Antigua and Barbuda	$29,600	2024 est.
81	Seychelles	$29,200	2024 est.
82	Belarus	$29,000	2024 est.
83	Montenegro	$27,900	2024 est.
84	Curacao	$27,700	2023 est.
85	Mauritius	$27,300	2024 est.
86	Costa Rica	$27,000	2024 est.
87	Serbia	$26,900	2024 est.
88	Argentina	$26,500	2024 est.
89	Georgia	$25,000	2024 est.
90	North Macedonia	$24,500	2024 est.
91	Saint Lucia	$24,300	2024 est.
92	Dominican Republic	$24,200	2024 est.
93	China	$23,800	2024 est.
94	Cuba	$23,700	2024 est.
95	Maldives	$23,400	2024 est.
96	French Polynesia	$23,300	2024 est.
97	Azerbaijan	$22,100	2024 est.
98	Mexico	$22,000	2024 est.
99	Thailand	$21,700	2024 est.
100	Bosnia and Herzegovina	$20,400	2024 est.
101	Armenia	$20,100	2024 est.
102	Barbados	$19,900	2024 est.
103	Brazil	$19,600	2024 est.
104	Suriname	$19,400	2024 est.
105	Montserrat	$19,300	2024 est.
106	Albania	$18,900	2024 est.
107	Gabon	$18,900	2024 est.
108	Dominica	$18,700	2024 est.
109	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	$18,700	2024 est.
110	Colombia	$18,500	2024 est.
111	Botswana	$18,100	2024 est.
112	Turkmenistan	$18,000	2024 est.
113	Grenada	$17,700	2024 est.
114	Egypt	$16,800	2024 est.
115	Mongolia	$16,800	2024 est.
116	Moldova	$16,500	2024 est.
117	Kosovo	$16,400	2024 est.
118	Paraguay	$16,300	2024 est.
119	Ukraine	$16,300	2024 est.
120	Iran	$16,200	2024 est.
121	Palau	$15,800	2023 est.
122	Peru	$15,700	2024 est.
123	Equatorial Guinea	$15,500	2024 est.
124	Algeria	$15,400	2024 est.
125	Bhutan	$14,600	2023 est.
126	Indonesia	$14,500	2024 est.
127	Vietnam	$14,400	2024 est.
128	Fiji	$14,100	2024 est.
129	Ecuador	$13,900	2024 est.
130	Sri Lanka	$13,800	2024 est.
131	South Africa	$13,600	2024 est.
132	Belize	$13,300	2024 est.
133	Tunisia	$12,700	2024 est.
134	Iraq	$12,700	2024 est.
135	Nauru	$12,600	2024 est.
136	Guatemala	$12,600	2024 est.
137	Libya	$12,300	2024 est.
138	El Salvador	$11,700	2024 est.
139	Lebanon	$11,300	2023 est.
140	Niue	$11,100	2021 est.
141	Uzbekistan	$10,500	2024 est.
142	Eswatini	$10,400	2024 est.
143	Philippines	$10,400	2024 est.
144	Jamaica	$10,300	2024 est.
145	Namibia	$10,300	2024 est.
146	Cabo Verde	$9,900	2024 est.
147	Bolivia	$9,800	2024 est.
148	India	$9,800	2024 est.
149	Jordan	$9,500	2024 est.
150	Morocco	$9,100	2024 est.
151	Laos	$8,600	2024 est.
152	Bangladesh	$8,500	2024 est.
153	Nicaragua	$7,700	2024 est.
154	Angola	$7,300	2024 est.
155	Marshall Islands	$7,200	2024 est.
156	Tonga	$7,100	2023 est.
157	Ghana	$7,100	2024 est.
158	Kyrgyzstan	$7,000	2024 est.
159	Cambodia	$7,000	2024 est.
160	Samoa	$6,900	2024 est.
161	Djibouti	$6,800	2024 est.
162	Cote d'Ivoire	$6,700	2024 est.
163	Honduras	$6,600	2024 est.
164	Mauritania	$6,400	2024 est.
165	Congo, Republic of the	$6,200	2024 est.
166	Tokelau	$6,004	2017 est.
167	Kenya	$5,800	2024 est.
168	Tuvalu	$5,800	2023 est.
169	Nigeria	$5,700	2024 est.
170	Sao Tome and Principe	$5,500	2024 est.
171	Pakistan	$5,500	2024 est.
172	Burma	$5,300	2024 est.
173	Nepal	$5,000	2024 est.
174	Cameroon	$4,900	2024 est.
175	Venezuela	$4,900	2023 est.
176	Tajikistan	$4,800	2024 est.
177	Senegal	$4,500	2024 est.
178	Papua New Guinea	$4,300	2024 est.
179	Syria	$4,200	2023 est.
180	Timor-Leste	$4,200	2024 est.
181	Guinea	$4,000	2024 est.
182	Benin	$3,900	2024 est.
183	Micronesia, Federated States of	$3,800	2024 est.
184	Gaza Strip	$3,800	2024 est.
185	West Bank	$3,800	2024 est.
186	Zambia	$3,700	2024 est.
187	Tanzania	$3,700	2024 est.
188	Comoros	$3,600	2024 est.
189	Zimbabwe	$3,500	2024 est.
190	Kiribati	$3,300	2024 est.
191	Rwanda	$3,300	2024 est.
192	Vanuatu	$3,200	2024 est.
193	Sierra Leone	$3,100	2024 est.
194	Gambia, The	$3,000	2024 est.
195	Ethiopia	$2,900	2024 est.
196	Uganda	$2,900	2024 est.
197	Mali	$2,900	2024 est.
198	Haiti	$2,800	2024 est.
199	Togo	$2,800	2024 est.
200	Guinea-Bissau	$2,700	2024 est.
201	Lesotho	$2,600	2024 est.
202	Chad	$2,600	2024 est.
203	Solomon Islands	$2,500	2024 est.
204	Burkina Faso	$2,500	2024 est.
205	Afghanistan	$2,000	2023 est.
206	Sudan	$1,900	2024 est.
207	Niger	$1,800	2024 est.
208	Liberia	$1,700	2024 est.
209	Madagascar	$1,700	2024 est.
210	Malawi	$1,600	2024 est.
211	Mozambique	$1,500	2024 est.
212	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	$1,500	2024 est.
213	Somalia	$1,400	2024 est.
214	Central African Republic	$1,100	2024 est.
215	Burundi	$800	2024 est.
216	Eritrea	$700	2024 est.
217	Korea, North	$600	2023 est.
218	South Sudan	$400	2023 est.
219	Yemen	$200	2024 est.

ATTACHMENT TEN “H” – UNEMPLOYMENT

Rank	Country	%	Date of Information
1	Qatar	0.2	2024 est.
2	Cambodia	0.3	2024 est.
3	Niger	0.4	2024 est.
4	Thailand	0.7	2024 est.
5	Burundi	1	2024 est.
6	Chad	1.1	2024 est.
7	Bahrain	1.2	2024 est.
8	Laos	1.3	2024 est.
9	Solomon Islands	1.5	2024 est.
10	Moldova	1.5	2024 est.
11	Vietnam	1.5	2024 est.
12	Cuba	1.6	2024 est.
13	Timor-Leste	1.7	2024 est.
14	Benin	1.8	2024 est.
15	Togo	2	2024 est.
16	Tonga	2.2	2024 est.
17	United Arab Emirates	2.2	2024 est.
18	Kuwait	2.2	2024 est.
19	Philippines	2.2	2024 est.
20	Guatemala	2.3	2024 est.
21	Cote d'Ivoire	2.3	2024 est.
22	Poland	2.5	2024 est.
23	Macau	2.5	2024 est.
24	Russia	2.6	2024 est.
25	Czechia	2.6	2024 est.
26	Tanzania	2.6	2024 est.
27	Japan	2.6	2024 est.
28	Korea, South	2.7	2024 est.
29	Guinea-Bissau	2.7	2024 est.
30	Malta	2.8	2024 est.
31	Mexico	2.8	2024 est.
32	Papua New Guinea	2.8	2024 est.
33	Hong Kong	2.8	2024 est.
34	Liberia	2.9	2024 est.
35	Bhutan	2.9	2024 est.
36	El Salvador	2.9	2024 est.
37	Korea, North	2.9	2024 est.
38	Senegal	3	2024 est.
39	Uganda	3	2024 est.
40	Nigeria	3	2024 est.
41	Mali	3.1	2024 est.
42	Burma	3.1	2024 est.
43	Bolivia	3.1	2024 est.
44	Ghana	3.1	2024 est.
45	Madagascar	3.1	2024 est.
46	Singapore	3.2	2024 est.
47	Oman	3.2	2024 est.
48	Sierra Leone	3.2	2024 est.
49	Iceland	3.2	2024 est.
50	Israel	3.2	2024 est.
51	Indonesia	3.3	2024 est.
52	Kyrgyzstan	3.3	2024 est.
53	Ethiopia	3.4	2024 est.
54	Taiwan	3.4	2024 est.
55	Belarus	3.4	2024 est.
56	Slovenia	3.4	2024 est.
57	Germany	3.5	2024 est.
58	Cameroon	3.6	2024 est.
59	Mozambique	3.6	2024 est.
60	Netherlands	3.6	2024 est.
61	Saudi Arabia	3.9	2024 est.
62	Comoros	3.9	2024 est.
63	Malaysia	3.9	2024 est.
64	Norway	4	2024 est.
65	Australia	4.1	2024 est.
66	Switzerland	4.2	2024 est.
67	United States	4.2	2024 est.
68	Bulgaria	4.2	2024 est.
69	United Kingdom	4.2	2024 est.
70	India	4.3	2024 est.
71	Fiji	4.4	2024 est.
72	Ireland	4.4	2024 est.
73	Turkmenistan	4.4	2024 est.
74	Hungary	4.5	2024 est.
75	Uzbekistan	4.5	2024 est.
76	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	4.6	2024 est.
77	Nicaragua	4.6	2024 est.
78	Trinidad and Tobago	4.6	2024 est.
79	Samoa	4.6	2024 est.
80	China	4.6	2024 est.
81	Maldives	4.7	2024 est.
82	Bangladesh	4.7	2024 est.
83	Ecuador	4.8	2024 est.
84	Kazakhstan	4.8	2024 est.
85	New Zealand	4.9	2024 est.
86	Peru	4.9	2024 est.
87	Jamaica	4.9	2024 est.
88	Sri Lanka	5	2024 est.
89	Malawi	5.1	2024 est.
90	Vanuatu	5.1	2024 est.
91	Burkina Faso	5.2	2024 est.
92	Brunei	5.2	2024 est.
93	Croatia	5.3	2024 est.
94	Guinea	5.3	2024 est.
95	Slovakia	5.3	2024 est.
96	Romania	5.4	2024 est.
97	Pakistan	5.5	2024 est.
98	Puerto Rico	5.5	2024 est.
99	Austria	5.5	2024 est.
100	Dominican Republic	5.5	2024 est.
101	Mongolia	5.5	2024 est.
102	Belgium	5.5	2024 est.
103	Mauritius	5.5	2024 est.
104	Venezuela	5.5	2024 est.
105	Kenya	5.5	2024 est.
106	Azerbaijan	5.6	2024 est.
107	Guam	5.6	2024 est.
108	Eritrea	5.6	2024 est.
109	Denmark	5.6	2024 est.
110	Cyprus	5.7	2024 est.
111	Central African Republic	5.9	2024 est.
112	Luxembourg	6	2024 est.
113	Zambia	6	2024 est.
114	Paraguay	6.1	2024 est.
115	Honduras	6.1	2024 est.
116	Jersey	6.3	2024 est.
117	Guernsey	6.3	2024 est.
118	Portugal	6.4	2024 est.
119	Gambia, The	6.5	2024 est.
120	Canada	6.5	2024 est.
121	Panama	6.6	2024 est.
122	Latvia	6.8	2024 est.
123	Italy	6.8	2024 est.
124	Belize	7	2024 est.
125	Egypt	7.2	2024 est.
126	Suriname	7.4	2024 est.
127	France	7.4	2024 est.
128	Serbia	7.4	2024 est.
129	Lithuania	7.6	2024 est.
130	Barbados	7.6	2024 est.
131	Brazil	7.7	2024 est.
132	Argentina	7.9	2024 est.
133	Costa Rica	7.9	2024 est.
134	Equatorial Guinea	7.9	2024 est.
135	Estonia	7.9	2024 est.
136	Finland	8.3	2024 est.
137	Uruguay	8.5	2024 est.
138	Turkey (Turkiye)	8.5	2024 est.
139	Bahamas, The	8.5	2024 est.
140	Zimbabwe	8.6	2024 est.
141	Sweden	8.6	2024 est.
142	Morocco	9	2024 est.
143	Chile	9.1	2024 est.
144	Iran	9.2	2024 est.
145	Sao Tome and Principe	9.2	2024 est.
146	Colombia	9.7	2024 est.
147	Ukraine	9.9	2021 est.
148	Guyana	10.2	2024 est.
149	Greece	10.2	2024 est.
150	Albania	10.3	2024 est.
151	Mauritania	10.4	2024 est.
152	Bosnia and Herzegovina	10.8	2024 est.
153	Nepal	10.8	2024 est.
154	Saint Lucia	11	2024 est.
155	New Caledonia	11.2	2024 est.
156	Spain	11.4	2024 est.
157	Sudan	11.45	2023 est.
158	Georgia	11.5	2024 est.
159	Algeria	11.5	2024 est.
160	Lebanon	11.6	2023 est.
161	Tajikistan	11.7	2024 est.
162	French Polynesia	11.8	2024 est.
163	Cabo Verde	11.9	2024 est.
164	Rwanda	12	2024 est.
165	Virgin Islands	12.1	2024 est.
166	South Sudan	12.5	2023 est.
167	Syria	13	2024 est.
168	Afghanistan	13.3	2024 est.
169	Armenia	13.4	2024 est.
170	North Macedonia	13.5	2024 est.
171	Montenegro	14.1	2024 est.
172	Angola	14.5	2024 est.
173	Haiti	15.1	2024 est.
174	Iraq	15.6	2024 est.
175	Lesotho	16.2	2024 est.
176	Tunisia	16.3	2024 est.
177	Yemen	17.1	2024 est.
178	Jordan	18	2024 est.
179	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	18.1	2024 est.
180	Libya	18.7	2024 est.
181	Somalia	18.9	2024 est.
182	Namibia	19.2	2024 est.
183	Congo, Republic of the	19.7	2024 est.
184	Gabon	20.1	2024 est.
185	Botswana	23.2	2024 est.
186	West Bank	24.5	2022 est.
187	Gaza Strip	24.5	2022 est.
188	Djibouti	25.9	2024 est.
189	South Africa	33.2	2024 est.
190	Eswatini	34.4	2024 est.

ATTACHMENT ELEVEN – EQUALITY (from GINI COEFFICIENT)

Measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The more nearly equal a country's income distribution, the lower its Gini index. The more unequal a country's income distribution, the higher its Gini Index. (Country URLs from CIA, thus omitted. See Attachment Ten “A”)

Rank	Country		Date of Information
1	Namibia (Most unequal)	59.1	2015 est.
2	Botswana	54.9	2015 est.
3	Eswatini	54.6	2016 est.
4	Colombia	53.9	2023 est.
5	Brazil	51.6	2023 est.
6	Zambia	51.5	2022 est.
7	Angola	51.3	2018 est.
8	Saint Lucia	51.2	2016 est.
9	Mozambique	50.3	2019 est.
10	Zimbabwe	50.3	2020 est.
11	Kosovo	49.4	2021 est.
12	Panama	48.9	2023 est.
13	Honduras	46.8	2023 est.
14	Singapore	45.8	2016 est.
15	Costa Rica	45.8	2024 est.
16	Guatemala	45.2	2023 est.
17	Lesotho	44.9	2017 est.
18	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	44.7	2020 est.
19	Ecuador	44.6	2023 est.
20	Turkey (Turkiye)	44.5	2022 est.
21	Paraguay	44.4	2023 est.
22	South Sudan	44	2016 est.
23	Grenada	43.8	2018 est.
24	Rwanda	43.7	2016 est.
25	Mexico	43.5	2022 est.
26	Ghana	43.5	2016 est.
27	Chile	43	2022 est.
28	Central African Republic	43	2021 est.
29	Uganda	42.7	2019 est.
30	Cabo Verde	42.4	2015 est.
31	Argentina	42.4	2023 est.
32	Cameroon	42.2	2021 est.
33	Bolivia	42.1	2023 est.
34	United States	41.8	2023 est.
35	Djibouti	41.6	2017 est.
36	Uruguay	40.9	2023 est.
37	Sao Tome and Principe	40.7	2017 est.
38	Malaysia	40.7	2021 est.
39	Peru	40.7	2023 est.
40	Tanzania	40.5	2018 est.
41	Belize	39.9	2018 est.
42	Jamaica	39.9	2021 est.
43	El Salvador	39.8	2023 est.
44	Philippines	39.3	2023 est.
45	Suriname	39.2	2022 est.
46	Laos	38.8	2018 est.
47	Gambia, The	38.8	2020 est.
48	Kenya	38.7	2021 est.
49	Malawi	38.5	2019 est.
50	Equatorial Guinea	38.5	2022 est.
51	Dominican Republic	38.4	2023 est.
52	Bulgaria	38.2	2022 est.
53	Gabon	38	2017 est.
54	Togo	37.9	2021 est.
55	Israel	37.9	2021 est.
56	Sri Lanka	37.7	2019 est.
57	Burundi	37.5	2020 est.
58	Chad	37.4	2022 est.
59	Burkina Faso	37.4	2021 est.
60	Mauritius	36.8	2017 est.
61	Lithuania	36.6	2022 est.
62	West Bank	36.4	2023 est.
63	Gaza Strip	36.4	2023 est.
64	Portugal	36.3	2022 est.
65	Senegal	36.2	2021 est.
66	Vietnam	36.1	2022 est.
67	Iran	35.9	2023 est.
68	Sierra Leone	35.7	2018 est.
69	China	35.7	2021 est.
70	Mali	35.7	2021 est.
71	Marshall Islands	35.5	2019 est.
72	Cote d'Ivoire	35.3	2021 est.
73	Liberia	35.3	2016 est.
74	Qatar	35.1	2017 est.
75	Russia	35.1	2021 est.
76	Nigeria	35.1	2018 est.
77	Indonesia	34.9	2024 est.
78	Georgia	34.8	2023 est.
79	Malta	34.6	2022 est.
80	Uzbekistan	34.5	2023 est.
81	Benin	34.4	2021 est.
82	Montenegro	34.3	2021 est.
83	Australia	34.3	2018 est.
84	Barbados	34.1	2016 est.
85	Luxembourg	34.1	2022 est.
86	Tajikistan	34	2015 est.
87	Taiwan	33.9	2023 est.
88	Switzerland	33.8	2021 est.
89	Tunisia	33.7	2021 est.
90	Latvia	33.7	2022 est.
91	Italy	33.7	2022 est.
92	Spain	33.6	2022 est.
93	North Macedonia	33.5	2019 est.
94	Thailand	33.5	2023 est.
95	Greece	33.4	2022 est.
96	Guinea-Bissau	33.4	2021 est.
97	Bangladesh	33.4	2022 est.
98	Niger	32.9	2021 est.
99	Korea, South	32.9	2021 est.
100	Serbia	32.8	2022 est.
101	Germany	32.4	2020 est.
102	United Kingdom	32.4	2021 est.
103	Romania	32.3	2022 est.
104	Japan	32.3	2020 est.
105	Vanuatu	32.3	2019 est.
106	Estonia	32.3	2022 est.
107	Seychelles	32.1	2018 est.
108	Mauritania	32	2019 est.
109	Sweden	31.6	2022 est.
110	Cyprus	31.5	2022 est.
111	Mongolia	31.4	2022 est.
112	France	31.2	2022 est.
113	Ethiopia	31.1	2021 est.
114	Austria	30.9	2022 est.
115	Fiji	30.7	2019 est.
116	Burma	30.7	2017 est.
117	Hungary	30.2	2022 est.
118	Nepal	30	2022 est.
119	Croatia	30	2022 est.
120	Ireland	29.9	2022 est.
121	Canada	29.9	2020 est.
122	Iraq	29.8	2023 est.
123	Pakistan	29.6	2018 est.
124	Guinea	29.6	2018 est.
125	Albania	29.4	2020 est.
126	Maldives	29.3	2019 est.
127	Denmark	29.3	2022 est.
128	Kazakhstan	29.2	2021 est.
129	Poland	28.9	2022 est.
130	Egypt	28.5	2021 est.
131	Bhutan	28.5	2022 est.
132	Finland	27.9	2022 est.
133	Kiribati	27.8	2019 est.
134	Armenia	27.2	2023 est.
135	Tonga	27.1	2021 est.
136	Norway	26.9	2022 est.
137	Iceland	26.6	2018 est.
138	Syria	26.6	2022 est.
139	Belgium	26.4	2022 est.
140	Kyrgyzstan	26.4	2022 est.
141	United Arab Emirates	26.4	2018 est.
142	Moldova	25.9	2022 est.
143	Czechia	25.9	2022 est.
144	Netherlands	25.7	2021 est.
145	Ukraine	25.6	2020 est.
146	India	25.5	2022 est.
147	Belarus	24.4	2020 est.
148	Slovenia	24.3	2022 est.
149	Slovakia	24.1	2022 est.

ATTACHMENT TWELVE – FROM FREEDOM HOUSE

See charts and graphs here and here

Freedom House rates people’s access to political rights and civil liberties in 208 countries and territories through its annual Freedom in the World report. Individual freedoms—ranging from the right to vote to freedom of expression and equality before the law—can be affected by state or nonstate actors. Click on a country name below to access the full country narrative report.

Country or Territory	Freedom in the World Score	Political Rights	Civil Liberties
Abkhazia*	39/100Partly Free	17	22
Afghanistan	6/100Not Free	1	5
Albania	68/100Partly Free	28	40
Algeria	31/100Not Free	10	21
Andorra	93/100Free	38	55
Angola	28/100Not Free	10	18
Antigua and Barbuda	83/100Free	32	51
Argentina	85/100Free	35	50
Armenia	54/100Partly Free	23	31
Australia	95/100Free	39	56
Austria	93/100Free	37	56
Azerbaijan	7/100Not Free	0	7
Bahrain	12/100Not Free	2	10
Bangladesh	45/100Partly Free	16	29
Barbados	94/100Free	37	57
Belarus	7/100Not Free	1	6
Belgium	96/100Free	39	57
Belize	88/100Free	35	53
Benin	60/100Partly Free	18	42
Bhutan	68/100Free	32	36
Bolivia	65/100Partly Free	26	39
Bosnia and Herzegovina	52/100Partly Free	17	35
Botswana	75/100Free	31	44
Brazil	72/100Free	30	42
Brunei	27/100Not Free	7	20
Bulgaria	77/100Free	32	45
Burkina Faso	25/100Not Free	3	22
Burundi	15/100Not Free	4	11
Cabo Verde	92/100Free	38	54
Cambodia	23/100Not Free	4	19
Cameroon	15/100Not Free	6	9
Canada	97/100Free	39	58
Central African Republic	5/100Not Free	1	4
Chad	15/100Not Free	1	14
Chile	95/100Free	38	57
China	9/100Not Free	-2	11
Colombia	70/100Free	31	39
Comoros	42/100Partly Free	16	26
Costa Rica	91/100Free	38	53
Croatia	82/100Free	34	48
Cuba	10/100Not Free	1	9
Cyprus	91/100Free	38	53
Czechia	95/100Free	37	58
Côte d'Ivoire	49/100Partly Free	19	30
Democratic Republic of the Congo	18/100Not Free	4	14
Denmark	97/100Free	40	57
Djibouti	24/100Not Free	5	19
Dominica	92/100Free	37	55
Dominican Republic	68/100Partly Free	27	41
Ecuador	65/100Partly Free	28	37
Egypt	18/100Not Free	6	12
El Salvador	47/100Partly Free	17	30
Equatorial Guinea	5/100Not Free	0	5
Eritrea	3/100Not Free	1	2
Estonia	96/100Free	39	57
Eswatini	17/100Not Free	1	16
Ethiopia	18/100Not Free	8	10
Fiji	69/100Partly Free	28	41
Finland	100/100Free	40	60
France	89/100Free	38	51
Gabon	21/100Not Free	2	19
Gaza Strip*	2/100Not Free	-2	4
Georgia	55/100Partly Free	21	34
Germany	95/100Free	40	55
Ghana	80/100Free	35	45
Greece	85/100Free	35	50
Grenada	89/100Free	37	52
Guatemala	48/100Partly Free	19	29
Guinea	30/100Not Free	7	23
Guinea-Bissau	41/100Partly Free	15	26
Guyana	74/100Free	30	44
Haiti	24/100Not Free	6	18
Honduras	48/100Partly Free	22	26
Hong Kong*	40/100Partly Free	9	31
Hungary	65/100Partly Free	24	41
Iceland	95/100Free	38	57
India	63/100Partly Free	31	32
Indian Kashmir*	38/100Partly Free	17	21
Indonesia	56/100Partly Free	28	28
Iran	11/100Not Free	4	7
Iraq	31/100Not Free	16	15
Ireland	97/100Free	39	58
Israel	73/100Free	34	39
Italy	89/100Free	36	53
Jamaica	80/100Free	33	47
Japan	96/100Free	40	56
Jordan	34/100Partly Free	12	22
Kazakhstan	23/100Not Free	5	18
Kenya	51/100Partly Free	22	29
Kiribati	89/100Free	36	53
Kosovo	60/100Partly Free	28	32
Kuwait	31/100Not Free	7	24
Kyrgyzstan	26/100Not Free	4	22
Laos	13/100Not Free	2	11
Latvia	89/100Free	37	52
Lebanon	39/100Partly Free	13	26
Lesotho	66/100Free	30	36
Liberia	64/100Partly Free	30	34
Libya	10/100Not Free	2	8
Liechtenstein	90/100Free	33	57
Lithuania	89/100Free	38	51
Luxembourg	97/100Free	38	59
Madagascar	55/100Partly Free	21	34
Malawi	65/100Partly Free	28	37
Malaysia	53/100Partly Free	22	31
Maldives	43/100Partly Free	20	23
Mali	24/100Not Free	6	18
Malta	87/100Free	35	52
Marshall Islands	93/100Free	38	55
Mauritania	39/100Partly Free	15	24
Mauritius	86/100Free	35	51
Mexico	59/100Partly Free	26	33
Micronesia	92/100Free	37	55
Moldova	60/100Partly Free	25	35
Monaco	82/100Free	25	57
Mongolia	84/100Free	36	48
Montenegro	69/100Partly Free	27	42
Morocco	37/100Partly Free	13	24
Mozambique	41/100Partly Free	12	29
Myanmar	7/100Not Free	0	7
Namibia	73/100Free	28	45
Nauru	75/100Free	32	43
Nepal	62/100Partly Free	28	34
Netherlands	97/100Free	39	58
New Zealand	99/100Free	40	59
Nicaragua	14/100Not Free	2	12
Niger	30/100Not Free	5	25
Nigeria	44/100Partly Free	20	24
North Korea	3/100Not Free	0	3
North Macedonia	67/100Partly Free	28	39
Northern Cyprus*	76/100Free	27	49
Norway	99/100Free	39	60
Oman	24/100Not Free	6	18
Pakistan	32/100Partly Free	12	20
Pakistani Kashmir*	30/100Not Free	9	21
Palau	92/100Free	37	55
Panama	83/100Free	35	48
Papua New Guinea	61/100Partly Free	22	39
Paraguay	63/100Partly Free	26	37
Peru	67/100Partly Free	28	39
Philippines	58/100Partly Free	25	33
Poland	82/100Free	34	48
Portugal	96/100Free	39	57
Qatar	25/100Not Free	7	18
Republic of the Congo	17/100Not Free	2	15
Romania	82/100Free	34	48
Russia	12/100Not Free	4	8
Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine*	-1/100 Not Free	-2	1
Rwanda	21/100Not Free	7	14
Samoa	84/100Free	32	52
San Marino	97/100Free	39	58
Saudi Arabia	9/100Not Free	1	8
Senegal	69/100Free	30	39
Serbia	56/100Partly Free	18	38
Seychelles	80/100Free	34	46
Sierra Leone	59/100Partly Free	23	36
Singapore	48/100Partly Free	19	29
Slovakia	89/100Free	36	53
Slovenia	96/100Free	39	57
Solomon Islands	75/100Free	28	47
Somalia	8/100Not Free	2	6
Somaliland*	47/100Partly Free	21	26
South Africa	81/100Free	34	47
South Korea	81/100Free	32	49
South Ossetia*	12/100Not Free	3	9
South Sudan	1/100Not Free	-3	4
Spain	90/100Free	37	53
Sri Lanka	58/100Partly Free	26	32
St. Kitts and Nevis	89/100Free	35	54
St. Lucia	91/100Free	38	53
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	90/100Free	36	54
Sudan	2/100Not Free	-3	5
Suriname	80/100Free	34	46
Sweden	99/100Free	40	59
Switzerland	96/100Free	39	57
Syria	5/100Not Free	-3	8
São Tomé and Príncipe	84/100Free	35	49
Taiwan	94/100Free	38	56
Tajikistan	5/100Not Free	0	5
Tanzania	35/100Not Free	11	24
Thailand	34/100Not Free	11	23
The Bahamas	90/100Free	38	52
The Gambia	50/100Partly Free	22	28
Timor-Leste	72/100Free	33	39
Togo	41/100Partly Free	14	27
Tonga	80/100Free	30	50
Transnistria*	17/100Not Free	5	12
Trinidad and Tobago	82/100Free	33	49
Tunisia	44/100Partly Free	11	33
Turkey	33/100Not Free	17	16
Turkmenistan	1/100Not Free	0	1
Tuvalu	93/100Free	37	56
Uganda	34/100Not Free	10	24
Ukraine	51/100Partly Free	23	28
United Arab Emirates	18/100Not Free	5	13
United Kingdom	92/100Free	39	53
United States	84/100Free	34	50
Uruguay	96/100Free	40	56
Uzbekistan	12/100Not Free	2	10
Vanuatu	82/100Free	32	50
Venezuela	13/100Not Free	0	13
Vietnam	20/100Not Free	4	16
West Bank*	22/100Not Free	4	18
Western Sahara*	4/100Not Free	-3	7
Yemen	10/100Not Free	1	9
Zambia	53/100Partly Free	22	31
Zimbabwe	26/100Not Free	9	17

Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology.

* Indicates a territory as opposed to an independent country.

Research & Recommendations

Freedom in the WorldFreedom on the NetTransnational Repression in the United StatesElection Watch for the Digital Age

Freedom in the World 2025

United States

Free

100

Political Rights	34 40
Civil Liberties	50 60

Last Year's Score & Status

83 100 Free

A country or territory’s Freedom in the World status depends on its aggregate Political Rights score, on a scale of 0–40, and its aggregate Civil Liberties score, on a scale of 0–60. See the methodology.

Overview

The United States is a federal republic whose people benefit from a vibrant political system, a strong rule-of-law tradition, robust freedoms of expression and religious belief, and a wide array of other civil liberties. However, in recent years its democratic institutions have suffered erosion, as reflected in rising political polarization and extremism, partisan pressure on the electoral process, mistreatment and dysfunction in the criminal justice and immigration systems, and growing disparities in wealth, economic opportunity, and political influence.

Read the full United States Report

Previous Reports: 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025

Freedom in the World 2025 Policy Recommendations

Read all recommendations

Prioritize strengthening the rule of law and delivering economic dividends in the aftermath of political transitions

In countries where democratic forces have come to power after periods of antidemocratic rule, the new governments should pursue an agenda that protects and expands freedoms even as it delivers tangible economic and social benefits to citizens.

In countries emerging from war or the collapse of authoritarian regimes, focus on safety, reconciliation, reform

These countries must act swiftly to release all political prisoners, build or revitalize democratic institutions, reform police and other security forces, organize and hold competitive multiparty elections, and ensure accountability for past human rights violations.

Bolster checks and balances to mitigate the threat of democratic backsliding

In countries where there has been significant erosion of political rights and civil liberties, policymakers, legislators, jurists, civic activists, and donor communities should work to strengthen institutional guardrails and norms that serve to constrain elected leaders with antidemocratic or illiberal aims.

Learn more about Freedom House's work in the US

News and Updates

Featured

Perspectives

Facing a Year of Uncertainty, Democracies Should Seek Strength in Numbers

The ability to forge broad and diverse coalitions is a signature asset of democratic politics, and it is needed now more than ever on the global stage. 

January 9, 2025

Freedom House Perspectives

What the Trump Administration Should Tell the Saudi Crown Prince

The United States should demand measurable progress on human rights in exchange for the deeper cooperation Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman seeks.

November 17, 2025

As Authoritarians Invest in Online Censorship, Democracies Must Meet the Challenge

November 13, 2025

Foundations of Freedom: Civic Space

October 15, 2025

News Releases & Media Coverage

United States: Freedom House Urges Recommitment to Democratic Principles After Trump Election Victory

The incoming president faces the difficult task of uniting a polarized country and navigating a world in great need of democratic leadership. 

November 6, 2024

Russia: Freedom House Welcomes Regime’s Release of Political Prisoners and Foreign Hostages

August 1, 2024

United States: Ruling on Presidential Immunity Weakens Protections against Abuse of Power

July 22, 2024

Policy & Advocacy

US: Prioritize Rights During Saudi Leader’s Visit

Publicly Seek Rights Reforms, Prisoner Releases

November 10, 2025

Restricting the Flow of Funds to Iran's Repressive Regime

June 27, 2024

McCain Institute, George W. Bush Institute, Freedom House Call for Action Against Autocratic Georgian Dream Government

May 22, 2024

Country Facts

Basic Facts

Freedom in the World Score

/ 100

Free

Freedom on the Net Score

/ 100

Free

Population:333,300,000

Internet Facts

Status

Free

Networks Restricted

Social Media Blocked

Websites Blocked

Pro-government Commentators

Yes

Users Arrested

Yes

Read the ReportFreedom on the Net

Election Facts

Status

Past Election

Date of Election

November 5, 2024

Type of Election

General

Internet Penetration

97.10%

Election Year

2024

Vulnerability Index

/ 100

Read the Report

Election Watch

Transnational Repression

Status

Host Country

Key Origin States

China, Egypt, Iran, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia

Best Practices

High level of awareness among officials; Use of targeted sanctions against perpetrators

Read the ReportRead the US case study

More on US Democracy

US: International Context for Prosecuting Former Presidents

Legal cases against former heads of state are commonplace in healthy democracies. The United States, with its strong rule-of-law tradition and independent judicial institutions, is entirely capable of handling this challenge and affirming that former presidents are not above the law.

Principles for Safeguarding US Democracy

The United States has a unique capacity and a moral obligation to cultivate alliances with free nations and lend support to democracy advocates in authoritarian or transitional settings.

Reimagining American Democracy

Join Freedom House, the National Center for Civil and Human Rights, the George W. Bush Institute, and Issue One for conversations that are forward-thinking and dedicated to one of the most important issues of our time. The program features journalist-led conversations with the thinkers, activists, policymakers, and organizations envisioning what a more vibrant and inclusive democracy in America could look like - and what it will take to get there.

Finland’s parliamentary system features free and fair elections and robust multiparty competition. Corruption is not a significant problem, and freedoms of speech, religion, and association are respected. The judiciary is independent under the constitution and in practice. Women and ethnic minority groups enjoy equal rights, though harassment, hate speech, and discrimination aimed at religious, racial, and ethnic minority groups does occur.

Research & Recommendations

Freedom in the World

Freedom in the World 2025

Finland

Free

100

Political Rights	40 40
Civil Liberties	60 60

Last Year's Score & Status

100 100 Free

Overview

Read the full Finland Report

Previous Reports: 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025

Freedom in the World 2025 Policy Recommendations

Read all recommendations

Prioritize strengthening the rule of law and delivering economic dividends in the aftermath of political transitions

In countries emerging from war or the collapse of authoritarian regimes, focus on safety, reconciliation, reform

Bolster checks and balances to mitigate the threat of democratic backsliding

News and Updates

Featured

Press release

NEW REPORT: Election Manipulation and Armed Conflict Drove 18th Consecutive Year of Decline in Freedom

The 51st edition of Freedom in the World finds that only 21 countries recorded improvements in 2023, while 52 suffered declines.

February 29, 2024

Freedom House Perspectives

How LGBT+ Advocates Fight for Everyone

Democracy cannot thrive without the protection and promotion of universal human rights and the recognition of the inherent dignity and worth of every individual.

June 29, 2023

Securing a Vibrant Future for the World’s Public Broadcasters

January 26, 2023

News Releases & Media Coverage

NEW REPORT: Freedom in Europe Presented a Mixed Picture in 2022

Hungary received the largest score decrease in the region, while Slovenia made the largest gains.

Policy & Advocacy

INGOs call on States to support the renewal of the Special Rapporteur on Russia at HRC54

Human Rights House Foundation and several INGOs call on States to support the renewal of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation during the upcoming 54th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council.

September 6, 2023

Country Facts

Basic Facts

Freedom in the World Score

100

/ 100

Free

Population:5,556,000

Internet Facts

Status

Not Tracked

Election Facts

Status

Not Tracked

Transnational Repression

Status

Not Tracked

Russian military forces control most or all of the Ukrainian regions of Crimea, Luhansk, and Donetsk, and parts of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia. Following illegal invasions in 2014 and 2022, the Russian Federation claims to have annexed these regions and subjects them to its repressive legislation, in contravention of international law. The occupation authorities severely limit political rights and civil liberties, have silenced independent media, and employ antiterrorism and other laws against political dissidents. Ukrainian citizens have been compelled to adopt Russian passports, with those who refuse facing denial of basic services, intimidation, expropriation, and expulsion from the regions.

Research & Recommendations

Freedom in the World

Freedom in the World 2025

Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine*

Not Free

-1

100

Political Rights	-2 40
Civil Liberties	1 60

* Indicates a territory as opposed to an independent country.

Overview

Russian military forces now control most of the Ukrainian regions of Crimea, Luhansk, and Donetsk, and parts of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia. Following illegal invasions in 2014 and 2022, these regions were annexed by the Russian Federation and subject to its repressive legislation, in contravention of international law. The occupation government severely limits political and civil rights, has silenced independent media, and employs antiterrorism and other laws against political dissidents. The rule of law and civil liberties are not respected. Members of an Indigenous minority group, the Crimean Tatars, many of whom had vocally opposed the Russian occupation, have faced acute repression by the authorities. Ukrainian citizens have been compelled to adopt Russian passports, with those who refuse face denial of basic services and medical care, physical assaults and intimidation, expropriation of property, and expulsion from the regions.

Read the full Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine Report

Previous Reports: 2025

Freedom in the World 2025 Policy Recommendations

Read all recommendations

Prioritize strengthening the rule of law and delivering economic dividends in the aftermath of political transitions

In countries emerging from war or the collapse of authoritarian regimes, focus on safety, reconciliation, reform

Bolster checks and balances to mitigate the threat of democratic backsliding

News and Updates

Featured

Perspectives

In the Quest for Peace in Ukraine, the World Must Not Forget Those Living in Russian-Occupied Crimea

June 20, 2025

Freedom House Perspectives

Repression at Home Fuels Aggression Abroad: Now Is Not the Time to Ease Up on Lukashenka

Democratic governments should not be fooled by Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s recent attempts to curry favor with the United States. Lukashenka must be held accountable for his domestic repression and for his participation in the war against Ukraine.

September 11, 2025

These 11 Champions of Democracy Faced Prison Over Their Work

March 13, 2025

A Less Free, Less Safe World

February 26, 2025

Country Facts

Basic Facts

Freedom in the World Score

-1

/ 100

Not Free

Related Territories:

Russia

Ukraine

Internet Facts

Status

Not Tracked

Election Facts

Status

Not Tracked

Transnational Repression

Status

Not Tracked

ATTACHMENT THIRTEEN – FROM CEO WORLD

COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST HUMAN FREEDOM, 2025

Rank	Country	Region	Sub-region	Situation	Score	Travel Risk

1	Switzerland	Europe	West Europe	good situation	91.95	INSIGNIFICANT
2	New Zealand	Oceania	Oceania	good situation	91.58	LOW
3	Denmark	Europe	North Europe	good situation	91.4	INSIGNIFICANT
4	Luxembourg	Europe	West Europe	good situation	91.13	INSIGNIFICANT
5	Ireland	Europe	North Europe	good situation	90.95	LOW
6	Finland	Europe	North Europe	good situation	90.82	INSIGNIFICANT
7	Liechtenstein	Europe	West Europe	good situation	90.79	LOW
8	Australia	Oceania	Oceania	good situation	90.74	LOW
9	Monaco	Europe	West Europe	good situation	90.58	LOW
10	Iceland	Europe	North Europe	good situation	90.5	LOW
11	Sweden	Europe	North Europe	good situation	90.47	LOW
12	Estonia	Europe	North Europe	good situation	89.91	LOW
13	Japan	Asia	East Asia	good situation	89.52	LOW
14	Macao (China)	Asia	East Asia	good situation	89.4	LOW
15	Norway	Europe	North Europe	good situation	89.39	INSIGNIFICANT
16	Germany	Europe	West Europe	good situation	89.05	LOW
17	Czech Republic (Czechia)	Europe	East Europe	good situation	89.04	LOW
18	Netherlands	Europe	West Europe	good situation	87.75	LOW
19	United Kingdom	Europe	North Europe	good situation	87.39	LOW
20	United States	Americas	North America	good situation	87.01	LOW
21	Taiwan	Asia	East Asia	good situation	86.73	LOW
22	Portugal	Europe	South Europe	good situation	86.45	LOW
23	San Marino	Europe	South Europe	good situation	86.19	LOW
24	Latvia	Europe	North Europe	good situation	86.14	LOW
25	Austria	Europe	West Europe	good situation	86.07	LOW
26	Malta	Europe	South Europe	good situation	86.01	LOW
27	Andorra	Europe	South Europe	good situation	85.65	LOW
28	Belgium	Europe	West Europe	good situation	85.53	LOW
29	Lithuania	Europe	North Europe	good situation	85.43	LOW
30	Spain	Europe	South Europe	good situation	84.87	LOW
31	Italy	Europe	South Europe	good situation	84.68	LOW
32	Canada	Americas	North America	good situation	83.93	LOW
33	Slovenia	Europe	South Europe	good situation	83.68	INSIGNIFICANT
34	Cyprus	Europe	West Asia	good situation	83.37	LOW
35	Chile	Americas	South America	good situation	83.17	LOW
36	Costa Rica	Americas	Central America	good situation	83.02	LOW
37	South Korea	Asia	East Asia	good situation	82.8	LOW
38	France	Europe	West Europe	good situation	82.68	LOW
39	Slovakia	Europe	East Europe	satisfactory situation	82.41	LOW
40	Uruguay	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	82.23	LOW
41	Romania	Europe	East Europe	satisfactory situation	81.61	LOW
42	Seychelles	Africa	East Africa	satisfactory situation	81.47	LOW
43	Croatia	Europe	South Europe	satisfactory situation	81.37	LOW
44	Panama	Americas	Central America	satisfactory situation	81.01	LOW
45	Albania	Europe	South Europe	satisfactory situation	80.97	LOW
46	Armenia	Asia	West Asia	satisfactory situation	80.24	HIGH
47	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	79.9	LOW
48	Dominican Republic	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	79.51	MEDIUM
49	Grenada	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	79.42	LOW
50	Antigua and Barbuda	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	79.05	LOW

51	Cuba	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	79.02	LOW
52	Dominica	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	78.61	LOW
53	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	78.54	LOW
54	Singapore	Asia	South-East Asia	satisfactory situation	77.4	LOW
55	Bahamas	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	77.19	LOW
56	Saint Lucia	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	76.97	LOW
57	Jamaica	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	76.72	MEDIUM
58	Bulgaria	Europe	East Europe	satisfactory situation	76.54	LOW
59	Montenegro	Europe	South Europe	satisfactory situation	76.52	LOW
60	Barbados	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	76.44	LOW
61	Hong Kong (China)	Asia	East Asia	satisfactory situation	76.15	LOW
62	Poland	Europe	East Europe	satisfactory situation	76.13	LOW
63	Georgia	Asia	West Asia	satisfactory situation	76.12	LOW
64	Mauritius	Africa	East Africa	satisfactory situation	76.08	LOW
65	Peru	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	75.63	MEDIUM
66	Mongolia	Asia	East Asia	satisfactory situation	75.3	MEDIUM
67	North Macedonia	Europe	South Europe	satisfactory situation	74.7	LOW
68	Greece	Europe	South Europe	satisfactory situation	73.7	LOW
69	Trinidad and Tobago	Americas	Caribbean	satisfactory situation	73.62	MEDIUM
70	Israel	Asia	West Asia	satisfactory situation	73.57	MEDIUM
71	Belize	Americas	Central America	satisfactory situation	73.36	MEDIUM
72	Namibia	Africa	South Africa	satisfactory situation	73.16	LOW
73	Botswana	Africa	South Africa	satisfactory situation	73.11	LOW
74	Hungary	Europe	East Europe	satisfactory situation	72.95	LOW
75	Moldova	Europe	East Europe	satisfactory situation	72.15	LOW
76	East Timor [Timor Leste]	Asia	South-East Asia	satisfactory situation	71.07	MEDIUM
77	Suriname	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	70.93	LOW
78	Paraguay	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	70.5	LOW
79	Guatemala	Americas	Central America	satisfactory situation	70.34	MEDIUM
80	Fiji	Oceania	Melanesia	satisfactory situation	70.25	LOW
81	Kiribati	Oceania	Micronesia	satisfactory situation	70.22	LOW
82	Marshall Islands	Oceania	Micronesia	satisfactory situation	70.04	LOW
83	Brazil	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	69.95	MEDIUM
84	Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Oceania	satisfactory situation	69.93	HIGH
85	Micronesia (Federated States of)	Oceania	Oceania	satisfactory situation	69.84	LOW
86	Nauru	Oceania	Oceania	satisfactory situation	69.63	LOW
87	Palau	Oceania	Oceania	satisfactory situation	69.13	LOW
88	Samoa	Oceania	Oceania	satisfactory situation	69.02	LOW
89	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe	South Europe	satisfactory situation	68.96	LOW
90	Solomon Islands	Oceania	Oceania	satisfactory situation	68.52	MEDIUM
91	Tonga	Oceania	Oceania	satisfactory situation	68.08	LOW
92	El Salvador	Americas	Central America	satisfactory situation	68	MEDIUM
93	Tuvalu	Oceania	Oceania	satisfactory situation	67.98	LOW
94	Vanuatu	Oceania	Oceania	satisfactory situation	67.19	LOW
95	South Africa	Africa	South Africa	satisfactory situation	66.85	MEDIUM
96	Serbia	Europe	South Europe	satisfactory situation	66.66	LOW
97	Ghana	Africa	West Africa	satisfactory situation	65.87	LOW
98	Ivory Coast [Côte d'Ivoire]	Africa	West Africa	satisfactory situation	65.78	MEDIUM
99	Malaysia	Asia	South-East Asia	satisfactory situation	65.72	LOW
100	Ecuador	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	65.52	MEDIUM

101	Colombia	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	65.42	MEDIUM
102	Argentina	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	65.27	LOW
103	Benin	Africa	West Africa	satisfactory situation	64.91	LOW
104	Guyana	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	64.9	MEDIUM
105	Honduras	Americas	Central America	satisfactory situation	64.4	HIGH
106	Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	Americas	South America	satisfactory situation	64.39	MEDIUM
107	Malawi	Africa	East Africa	satisfactory situation	64.1	LOW
108	India	Asia	South Asia	satisfactory situation	63.48	LOW
109	Indonesia	Asia	South-East Asia	satisfactory situation	63.14	MEDIUM
110	Senegal	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	63.08	LOW
111	Gambia	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	63.05	LOW
112	Cape Verde [Cabo Verde]	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	62.79	LOW
113	Bhutan	Asia	South Asia	noticeable problems	61.93	LOW
114	Lesotho	Africa	South Africa	noticeable problems	61.83	MEDIUM
115	Madagascar	Africa	East Africa	noticeable problems	61.39	MEDIUM
116	Thailand	Asia	South-East Asia	noticeable problems	61.04	LOW
117	Mexico	Americas	Central America	noticeable problems	60.97	MEDIUM
118	Zambia	Africa	East Africa	noticeable problems	60.79	LOW
119	Kenya	Africa	East Africa	noticeable problems	60.76	MEDIUM
120	Kyrgyzstan	Asia	Central Asia	noticeable problems	60.37	MEDIUM
121	Philippines	Asia	South-East Asia	noticeable problems	60.04	MEDIUM
122	Liberia	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	59.88	MEDIUM
123	Jordan	Asia	West Asia	noticeable problems	59.39	LOW
124	Guinea-Bissau	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	59.25	MEDIUM
125	Mozambique	Africa	East Africa	noticeable problems	58.27	MEDIUM
126	Kazakhstan	Asia	Central Asia	noticeable problems	57.64	MEDIUM
127	Tanzania	Africa	East Africa	noticeable problems	56.81	MEDIUM
128	Sierra Leone	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	56.74	MEDIUM
129	Gabon	Africa	Middle Africa	noticeable problems	56.19	LOW
130	Togo	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	56.01	MEDIUM
131	Burkina Faso	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	55.79	HIGH
132	Niger	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	55.77	MEDIUM
133	Haiti	Americas	Caribbean	noticeable problems	55.65	HIGH
134	Cambodia	Asia	South-East Asia	noticeable problems	55.6	MEDIUM
135	Kuwait	Asia	West Asia	noticeable problems	54.98	LOW
136	Tunisia	Africa	North Africa	noticeable problems	54.92	MEDIUM
137	Lebanon	Asia	West Asia	noticeable problems	54.67	EXTREME
138	Uganda	Africa	East Africa	noticeable problems	54.35	MEDIUM
139	United Arab Emirates	Asia	West Asia	noticeable problems	54.24	LOW
140	Brunei Darussalam	Asia	South-East Asia	noticeable problems	54.09	LOW
141	Rwanda	Africa	East Africa	noticeable problems	53.69	LOW
142	Ukraine	Europe	East Europe	noticeable problems	53.01	EXTREME
143	Mali	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	52.89	HIGH
144	Angola	Africa	Middle Africa	noticeable problems	52.81	MEDIUM
145	Oman	Asia	West Asia	noticeable problems	52.64	LOW
146	Nigeria	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	52.35	HIGH
147	Azerbaijan	Asia	West Asia	noticeable problems	51.75	HIGH
148	Bahrain	Asia	West Asia	noticeable problems	50.85	LOW
149	Djibouti	Africa	East Africa	noticeable problems	50.76	MEDIUM
150	Morocco	Africa	North Africa	noticeable problems	50.56	LOW

151	Comoros	Africa	East Africa	noticeable problems	50.54	LOW
152	Vietnam	Asia	South-East Asia	noticeable problems	50.2	LOW
153	Mauritania (Islamic Republic of)	Africa	West Africa	noticeable problems	49.83	MEDIUM
154	Sri Lanka	Asia	South Asia	difficult situation	49.82	MEDIUM
155	Qatar	Asia	West Asia	difficult situation	49.25	LOW
156	Republic of the Congo [Congo-Brazzaville]	Africa	Middle Africa	difficult situation	49.24	MEDIUM
157	São Tomé and Príncipe	Africa	Middle Africa	difficult situation	49.1	LOW
158	Tajikistan	Asia	Central Asia	difficult situation	49.02	MEDIUM
159	Turkmenistan	Asia	Central Asia	difficult situation	48.76	MEDIUM
160	Uzbekistan	Asia	Central Asia	difficult situation	48.48	LOW
161	Russia	Europe	East Europe	difficult situation	48.32	MEDIUM
162	Belarus	Europe	East Europe	difficult situation	48.14	EXTREME
163	Democratic Republic of the Congo [DR Congo]	Africa	Middle Africa	difficult situation	47.88	HIGH
164	Equatorial Guinea	Africa	Middle Africa	difficult situation	47.79	LOW
165	Bangladesh	Asia	South Asia	difficult situation	47.26	HIGH
166	Turkey (Türkiye)	Asia	West Asia	difficult situation	46.88	MEDIUM
167	Nepal	Asia	South Asia	difficult situation	46.67	MEDIUM
168	Nicaragua	Americas	Central America	difficult situation	46.53	MEDIUM
169	Cameroon	Africa	Middle Africa	difficult situation	46.49	MEDIUM
170	Central African Republic	Africa	Middle Africa	difficult situation	45.49	HIGH
171	Ethiopia	Africa	East Africa	difficult situation	45.3	HIGH
172	Eritrea	Africa	East Africa	difficult situation	45.21	MEDIUM
173	Guinea	Africa	West Africa	difficult situation	43.82	MEDIUM
174	Laos (Lao PDR)	Asia	South-East Asia	difficult situation	43.46	LOW
175	Eswatini [Swaziland]	Africa	South Africa	difficult situation	43.32	MEDIUM
176	China	Asia	East Asia	difficult situation	43.29	LOW
177	Libya	Africa	North Africa	difficult situation	42.9	EXTREME
178	Burundi	Africa	East Africa	difficult situation	42.49	MEDIUM
179	Zimbabwe	Africa	East Africa	very serious	41.25	MEDIUM
180	Chad	Africa	Middle Africa	very serious	40.28	MEDIUM
181	Saudi Arabia	Asia	West Asia	very serious	40.18	MEDIUM
182	Iraq	Asia	West Asia	very serious	39.83	EXTREME
183	Algeria	Africa	North Africa	very serious	39.67	MEDIUM
184	Somalia	Africa	East Africa	very serious	39.07	EXTREME
185	South Sudan	Africa	East Africa	very serious	38.9	EXTREME
186	Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	Americas	South America	very serious	38.76	HIGH
187	Egypt	Africa	North Africa	very serious	38.64	MEDIUM
188	Sudan	Africa	North Africa	very serious	38.44	EXTREME
189	Pakistan (Islamic Republic of)	Asia	South Asia	very serious	38.31	EXTREME
190	Myanmar [Burma]	Asia	South-East Asia	very serious	38.24	EXTREME
191	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	Asia	South Asia	very serious	38.17	HIGH
192	Maldives	Asia	South Asia	very serious	37.73	MEDIUM
193	Yemen	Asia	West Asia	very serious	37.39	EXTREME
194	North Korea	Asia	East Asia	very serious	37.02	EXTREME
195	Afghanistan	Asia	South Asia	very serious	36.86	EXTREME
196	Palestine	Asia	West Asia	very serious	36.76	EXTREME
197	Syria	Asia	West Asia	very serious	36.16	EXTREME

ATTACHMENT FOURTEEN – FROM MENTAL FLOSS

2025’S MOST—AND LEAST—SINFUL CITIES IN AMERICA, RANKED BY KEY FACTORS

The No. 1 city won’t be a surprise, but the rest of the top spots might be.

By Rudie Obias Nov 30, 2025

When you think of the nickname “Sin City,” you probably think of the city of Las Vegas, especially with its wide range of casinos, legalized gambling, salacious adult entertainment offerings, easy access to just about every vice, and an around-the-clock party lifestyle. After all, the party life is a multi-billion-dollar industry in Las Vegas. But although “what happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas,” it’s not the only sinful city in the United States.

According to WalletHub, the country is full of people committing sins. The outlet ranked nearly 200 American cities for sinfulness based on seven key dimensions—including anger and hatred, jealousy, excesses and vices, greed, lust, vanity, and laziness—to determine which cities are the most sinful and which are the least.

The study is based on businesses and establishments within city limits, police reports, and population size from the U.S. Census, as well as local Google Searches for terms relating to the key dimensions.

It’s no surprise that Las Vegas, Nevada, is No. 1 on the list, while sinful cities of note, like New Orleans, Louisiana, Los Angeles, California, Atlanta, Georgia, Miami, Florida, and others, are in the top 10. However, smaller metropolises, such as Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tennessee, Wichita, Kansas, Mobile, Alabama, Wilmington, Delaware, and others, just cracked the top 50 of the most sinful cities.

By contrast, the least sinful city in the nation is Columbia, Maryland—which is ranked at the very bottom at No. 182. Other cities rounding out the bottom five in the rankings are Madison, Wisconsin, Pearl City, Hawaii, West Valley City, Utah, and Fremont, California.

Check out a list of the top 50 cities that are considered the most sinful in America, below:

Las Vegas, NV

Houston, TX

Los Angeles, CA

Philadelphia, PA

Atlanta, GA

Denver, CO

Miami, FL

Dallas, TX

Phoenix, AZ

New Orleans, LA

Baton Rouge, LA

Chicago, IL

St. Louis, MO

Cleveland, OH

Memphis, TN

Orlando, FL

New York, NY

North Las Vegas, NV

Baltimore, MD

Nashville, TN

Henderson, NV

Birmingham, AL

Detroit, MI

Portland, OR

San Antonio, TX

Shreveport, LA

Tampa, FL

Little Rock, AR

Fort Lauderdale, FL

Jacksonville, FL

Richmond, VA

Indianapolis, IN

San Diego, CA

Charlotte, NC

Washington, DC

Cincinnati, OH

Austin, TX

Mobile, AL

Wichita, KS

Pittsburgh, PA

San Bernardino, CA

San Francisco, CA

Kansas City, MO

Sacramento, CA

Tempe, AZ

Wilmington, DE

Minneapolis, MN

Knoxville, TN

Reno, NV

Chattanooga, TN

ATTACHMENT FIFTEEN – FROM WALLET HUB

MOST SINFUL CITIES IN AMERICA (2025)

By Adam McCann, WalletHub Financial WriterNov 17, 2025

See charts and graphs here

Las Vegas isn’t the only “Sin City” in America. In other cities, bad things happen and stay there, too. From beer-loving Milwaukee to decadent New Orleans, the U.S. is filled with people behaving illicitly. No place is innocent - we all have flaws, and at some point, we all have to pay for our vices. Gambling addiction, for instance, leads to over $100 billion in losses for U.S. consumers every year, while smoking burns an over $600 billion hole in Uncle Sam’s wallet annually.

Luckily for the saints among us, all American sins are not created or distributed equally. To identify the darkest corners of America, WalletHub compared more than 180 U.S. cities across 37 key indicators of vices and illicit behavior. Our data set ranges from violent crimes per capita to excessive drinking and adult entertainment establishments per capita.

“Regardless of any particular religious tenets, certain activities are considered ‘sinful’ by society as a whole. Sometimes, these activities are always bad, like violent crimes or identity theft. In other cases, they may be relatively harmless in moderation but incredibly destructive when not kept under control, such as alcohol use or gambling. The most sinful cities are those where illicit activities and vices alike are the most widespread.”

By Chip Lupo, WalletHub Analyst

Table of Contents

Main Findings In-Depth Look at Most Sinful Cities Ask the ExpertsMethodology

MAIN FINDINGS

Most Sinful Cities in America

Overall Rank*	City	WalletHub Vice Index	Anger & Hatred Rank	Jealousy Rank	Excesses & Vices Rank	Greed Rank	Lust Rank	Vanity Rank	Laziness Rank
1	Las Vegas, NV	61.94	33	11	67	1	3	7	3
2	Houston, TX	58.30	19	5	133	24	1	6	125
3	Los Angeles, CA	54.93	24	33	164	95	4	1	67
4	Philadelphia, PA	54.11	2	7	61	66	12	18	64
5	Atlanta, GA	52.87	27	2	117	168	2	9	92
6	Denver, CO	52.62	9	40	44	40	9	15	117
7	Miami, FL	52.29	134	8	153	74	8	4	25
8	Dallas, TX	51.48	40	10	108	99	7	10	114
9	Phoenix, AZ	51.27	65	82	63	67	6	5	53
10	New Orleans, LA	50.71	5	9	13	49	29	82	28
11	Baton Rouge, LA	50.61	3	3	9	125	77	45	17
12	Chicago, IL	50.04	23	35	123	73	16	8	107
13	St. Louis, MO	49.89	8	21	2	52	40	44	99
14	Cleveland, OH	49.88	6	27	8	138	24	32	10
15	Memphis, TN	49.79	7	6	7	117	22	124	22
16	Orlando, FL	49.52	13	4	118	161	15	14	134
17	New York, NY	49.42	47	81	174	97	5	3	31
18	North Las Vegas, NV	49.12	158	15	43	1	98	21	1
19	Baltimore, MD	47.43	4	19	21	170	10	65	96
20	Nashville, TN	46.35	18	76	14	91	27	27	84
21	Henderson, NV	45.84	78	16	141	1	114	69	19
22	Birmingham, AL	45.79	10	20	3	147	73	72	106
23	Detroit, MI	45.75	12	23	10	153	19	157	4
24	Portland, OR	45.17	37	49	73	26	14	40	177
25	San Antonio, TX	44.80	109	29	97	46	20	26	65
26	Shreveport, LA	44.66	32	22	12	98	59	92	14
27	Tampa, FL	44.34	119	52	95	96	11	17	105
28	Little Rock, AR	44.05	28	18	17	169	35	94	18
29	Fort Lauderdale, FL	43.80	39	1	152	93	121	58	58
30	Jacksonville, FL	43.67	44	46	48	156	31	29	33
31	Richmond, VA	43.54	25	66	20	124	48	46	75
32	Indianapolis, IN	43.45	31	56	25	160	17	42	103
33	San Diego, CA	43.43	145	123	163	72	33	2	130
34	Charlotte, NC	43.35	99	32	100	106	28	23	63
35	Washington, DC	43.26	1	26	74	81	36	78	181
36	Cincinnati, OH	43.06	77	96	5	110	51	25	59
37	Austin, TX	43.04	137	68	151	33	18	13	172
38	Mobile, AL	42.92	63	88	11	80	25	62	49
39	Wichita, KS	42.86	38	105	28	59	42	36	70
40	Pittsburgh, PA	42.73	52	122	46	63	79	11	168
41	San Bernardino, CA	42.55	20	69	33	34	101	151	12
42	San Francisco, CA	42.52	62	37	142	104	49	20	121
43	Kansas City, MO	42.48	14	73	27	107	45	57	160
44	Sacramento, CA	42.29	41	98	99	38	84	34	51
45	Tempe, AZ	42.07	26	53	82	144	87	33	45
46	Wilmington, DE	42.03	69	12	53	54	169	70	112
47	Minneapolis, MN	42.00	81	77	127	23	38	22	175
48	Knoxville, TN	41.87	55	152	1	150	109	16	95
49	Reno, NV	41.45	85	142	62	9	56	61	94
50	Chattanooga, TN	41.19	15	75	15	123	95	84	129
51	Rapid City, SD	40.83	48	147	104	16	13	129	61
52	Billings, MT	40.62	50	146	59	8	105	87	97
53	Gulfport, MS	40.50	94	89	49	15	43	150	85
54	Columbus, OH	40.46	46	94	45	151	41	41	110
55	Jackson, MS	40.33	49	44	32	22	116	168	20
56	Akron, OH	40.31	34	109	18	165	39	71	42
57	Bakersfield, CA	40.26	57	106	35	137	67	38	54
58	Toledo, OH	40.25	53	140	4	152	32	108	5
59	Montgomery, AL	40.23	64	17	42	174	26	139	34
60	Tucson, AZ	40.19	76	93	30	141	60	47	23
61	Tacoma, WA	40.05	11	43	41	134	136	112	123
62	Fort Worth, TX	40.05	126	25	94	143	68	28	111
63	Scottsdale, AZ	39.97	106	92	166	55	93	12	147
64	Dover, DE	39.95	68	24	83	109	153	107	83
65	Colorado Springs, CO	39.86	16	91	86	113	91	66	119
66	Fort Smith, AR	39.74	42	148	37	78	21	123	26
67	Charleston, SC	39.72	60	58	60	84	108	30	170
68	Vancouver, WA	39.68	43	87	70	79	118	43	150
69	Long Beach, CA	39.65	104	30	135	27	129	79	69
70	Louisville, KY	39.57	51	118	34	159	50	31	89
71	Columbia, SC	39.54	82	54	31	88	103	76	56
72	Seattle, WA	39.54	71	59	167	70	30	24	178
73	Albuquerque, NM	39.38	35	84	50	142	94	80	36
74	Charleston, WV	39.15	22	137	23	71	74	95	115
75	Aurora, CO	38.90	75	85	36	10	138	135	68
76	Milwaukee, WI	38.85	29	116	24	101	65	109	141
77	Oklahoma City, OK	38.38	72	136	69	164	44	37	32
78	Glendale, AZ	38.28	110	72	26	102	100	100	35
79	Buffalo, NY	38.25	61	104	55	132	102	98	16
80	Fayetteville, NC	38.20	74	60	29	130	61	118	118
81	Omaha, NE	38.17	100	127	81	82	66	54	27
82	Huntington, WV	37.93	54	167	6	136	104	86	7
83	Corpus Christi, TX	37.92	36	144	56	69	46	145	66
84	Salem, OR	37.90	58	154	90	17	122	85	50
85	Salt Lake City, UT	37.55	30	63	161	163	47	39	173
86	Cheyenne, WY	37.37	45	129	103	103	53	122	44
87	Riverside, CA	37.23	136	70	54	128	147	60	41
88	Missoula, MT	37.21	88	134	88	5	151	128	145
89	St. Petersburg, FL	37.17	122	36	85	157	117	77	76
90	Arlington, TX	36.99	138	28	93	41	133	131	104
91	Rochester, NY	36.94	89	57	47	155	125	48	149
92	Springfield, MO	36.87	56	125	19	177	63	50	77
93	Huntington Beach, CA	36.72	165	51	175	27	166	19	159
94	El Paso, TX	36.61	90	161	84	47	23	120	135
95	Fresno, CA	36.32	84	115	92	90	82	88	91
96	Oakland, CA	36.26	17	37	171	92	177	147	137
97	Spokane, WA	36.25	105	67	66	115	113	116	113
98	Anchorage, AK	36.25	21	159	111	86	90	102	101
99	Boston, MA	36.21	97	102	137	39	78	52	164
100	Santa Clarita, CA	36.17	147	71	154	27	139	67	124
101	Tulsa, OK	36.01	87	114	52	175	71	56	47
102	Grand Prairie, TX	35.96	168	48	101	41	64	165	80
103	Gilbert, AZ	35.93	118	131	126	129	81	35	102
104	Hialeah, FL	35.84	178	13	162	100	107	143	9
105	Santa Ana, CA	35.81	98	50	107	27	175	146	74
106	Garland, TX	35.79	125	34	138	112	80	166	72
107	Augusta, GA	35.63	116	42	16	179	57	133	46
108	Lubbock, TX	35.50	101	78	22	145	62	117	176
109	Newark, NJ	35.45	148	90	115	45	135	174	2
110	Ontario, CA	35.36	115	103	77	34	140	160	24
111	Irving, TX	35.30	170	31	149	114	83	148	52
112	Glendale, CA	35.25	150	45	168	85	149	89	86
113	Mesa, AZ	35.20	121	107	71	148	111	73	60
114	Des Moines, IA	35.19	70	153	51	105	92	99	88
115	Stockton, CA	35.18	66	107	105	83	110	144	55
116	Anaheim, CA	35.05	108	41	144	119	111	140	109
117	Las Cruces, NM	35.03	135	74	96	133	55	167	21
118	Columbus, GA	34.87	86	62	72	181	58	130	39
119	Raleigh, NC	34.86	113	99	139	77	128	63	140
120	Chandler, AZ	34.81	156	117	122	87	127	49	108
121	Providence, RI	34.79	177	141	88	6	76	169	15
122	Norfolk, VA	34.64	114	61	38	60	97	156	174
123	Rancho Cucamonga, CA	34.50	141	110	157	34	106	115	81
124	Oceanside, CA	34.41	112	126	120	89	146	81	120
125	Juneau, AK	34.31	59	133	125	31	141	119	138
126	Newport News, VA	34.26	83	100	102	60	86	161	132
127	St. Paul, MN	34.20	123	149	119	32	126	90	165
128	Greensboro, NC	34.06	95	79	68	158	130	101	142
129	Pembroke Pines, FL	34.01	179	14	165	93	142	158	43
130	Casper, WY	33.38	67	182	91	120	37	155	6
131	Nampa, ID	33.35	103	180	124	53	96	97	13
132	Jersey City, NJ	33.23	128	113	177	4	158	162	38
133	Modesto, CA	33.18	91	165	79	127	85	110	133
134	Sioux Falls, SD	33.10	111	173	121	21	115	111	143
135	Warwick, RI	33.07	182	158	106	6	181	103	48
136	Fontana, CA	32.99	163	130	87	34	145	153	30
137	Lewiston, ME	32.66	144	178	65	14	174	163	8
138	Manchester, NH	32.58	80	169	146	48	170	113	71
139	Grand Rapids, MI	32.55	79	156	64	180	88	51	62
140	Oxnard, CA	32.40	127	160	76	75	155	127	73
141	Plano, TX	32.40	107	47	176	135	171	106	158
142	New Haven, CT	32.22	155	83	116	58	150	173	29
143	Cedar Rapids, IA	32.19	133	166	58	131	131	74	127
144	Winston-Salem, NC	32.18	93	138	40	171	120	132	87
145	Amarillo, TX	32.18	96	135	78	167	54	136	153
146	Tallahassee, FL	32.04	73	55	80	182	152	105	154
147	Durham, NC	32.02	149	86	109	20	172	152	146
148	Moreno Valley, CA	31.98	160	112	75	126	134	180	37
149	Peoria, AZ	31.81	140	120	113	122	132	137	126
150	Bismarck, ND	31.74	92	171	134	146	72	83	144
151	Santa Rosa, CA	31.73	102	177	160	13	176	59	136
152	Fargo, ND	31.65	153	139	156	25	137	138	161
153	Aurora, IL	31.50	167	101	131	65	164	181	82
154	Lincoln, NE	31.47	130	170	130	50	124	104	79
155	Garden Grove, CA	31.33	146	65	159	108	163	175	78
156	Lexington-Fayette, KY	31.29	143	145	39	176	75	91	162
157	Worcester, MA	31.27	161	155	112	12	168	134	122
158	Yonkers, NY	31.23	166	119	173	116	178	68	57
159	Fort Wayne, IN	30.99	131	164	57	178	70	55	98
160	Burlington, VT	30.97	151	80	143	43	162	177	152
161	Chula Vista, CA	30.95	159	143	145	76	144	154	90
162	Irvine, CA	30.75	164	64	181	118	159	96	156
163	Huntsville, AL	30.59	142	150	110	111	99	121	151
164	Nashua, NH	30.52	157	176	155	19	180	126	93
165	Brownsville, TX	30.37	171	174	132	51	52	179	11
166	Overland Park, KS	30.21	132	157	169	18	160	93	179
167	San Jose, CA	30.09	120	132	179	172	119	53	148
168	Chesapeake, VA	30.06	154	121	98	60	157	141	169
169	Cape Coral, FL	29.77	173	124	129	139	89	149	128
170	Virginia Beach, VA	29.56	175	128	114	154	143	64	171
171	South Burlington, VT	29.46	124	95	172	43	165	182	182
172	Honolulu, HI	29.38	180	172	170	56	69	125	116
173	Boise, ID	29.36	129	179	148	149	123	75	139
174	Laredo, TX	29.30	172	181	128	64	34	172	100
175	Bridgeport, CT	28.46	169	151	150	57	179	176	40
176	Port St. Lucie, FL	28.25	174	97	140	162	148	164	131
177	Portland, ME	27.50	152	175	136	68	173	142	163
178	Fremont, CA	26.76	139	111	182	121	154	171	155
179	West Valley City, UT	26.67	117	162	147	173	156	170	166
180	Pearl City, HI	26.29	181	168	178	11	161	178	157
181	Madison, WI	26.15	162	163	158	166	167	114	167
182	Columbia, MD	23.95	176	39	180	140	182	159	180

Notes: *No. 1 = Most Sinful
With the exception of “WalletHub Vice Index,” all of the columns in the table above depict the relative rank of that city, where a rank of 1 represents the worst conditions for that metric category.

Violent Crimes per Capita

Most

· T-1. Oakland, CA

· T-1. Memphis, TN

· T-1. Detroit, MI

· T-1. Little Rock, AR

· T-1. Cleveland, OH

Fewest

· 175. Gilbert, AZ

· 176. Port St. Lucie, FL

· 177. Virginia Beach, VA

· 178. Irvine, CA

· 179. Warwick, RI

Best City vs. Worst City: 51x Difference

Oakland, CA vs. Warwick, RI

Thefts per Capita

Most

· T-1. Oakland, CA

· T-1. Memphis, TN

· T-1. Tacoma, WA

· T-1. St. Louis, MO

· T-1. Burlington, VT

Fewest

· 175. Nashua, NH

· 176. Gilbert, AZ

· 177. Nampa, ID

· 178. Port St. Lucie, FL

· 179. Huntsville, AL

IN-DEPTH LOOK AT THE MOST SINFUL CITIES IN 2025

Las Vegas, NV

Las Vegas tops the list of the most sinful cities this year, unsurprisingly. Sin City has the second-most casinos per capita, driving many people to lose their money in a failed quest for quick riches and creating the fourth-highest share of residents with gambling problems.

In addition, Las Vegas has the most adult entertainment options per capita, and residents search Google for terms relating to strip clubs, affairs and pornographic content more than people in most other cities.

Las Vegas also has the fifth-most fraud and identity theft complaints per capita, so greedy thieves are no stranger to the city. Many residents are vain about their appearances, too, searching Google for terms relating to plastic surgery procedures at a very high rate.

Houston, TX

Houston is the second-most sinful place this year, featuring the third-highest number of adult entertainment establishments per capita and some of the highest Google search interest for terms relating to pornography, strip clubs and affairs.

On top of that, Houston’s residents struggle with anger and hatred. The city has the 21st-highest violent crime rate in the country and the 28th-highest number of aggravated assault offenses per capita. It also had the fifth-highest number of mass shootings between January 2023 and June 2025.

Finally, many Houstonians have trouble with vices. For example, the city has the 29th-most drunk driving fatalities per capita, the eighth-highest share of residents with gambling problems, and some of the highest Google search interest for plastic surgery.

Los Angeles, CA

Los Angeles is the third-most sinful city in the U.S., in part due to violence committed by its residents. Los Angeles has the third-highest share of students bullied on school property and the 14th-most hate crimes per capita. It also had the eighth-most mass shootings between January 2023 and June 2025.

In addition, residents in Los Angeles may be a bit less giving than people in other cities. Only 24% of residents volunteer, the fifth-lowest percentage in the country. Residents also give less than 4% of their adjusted gross income to charity, the 24th-lowest percentage among the more than 180 cities in our study.

To top things off, Los Angeles residents search Google more than people in most other cities for terms stemming from lust and vanity, such as those related to pornography, extramarital affairs, and plastic surgery.

ASK THE EXPERTS

What leads many of us to partake in sinful behavior may seem like a mystery, especially when those behaviors become common in our daily lives. We asked a panel of experts for their insight on this topic as well as how to combat these bad habits. Below, you can read their bios and thoughts on the following key questions:

1. To what extent is sinful behavior innate versus influenced by your surroundings?

2. Is cheating within marriage becoming more or less common over time?

3. Should the government play a role in trying to reduce greed and consumerism?

4. What are some effective ways to combat addiction and domestic violence?

5. What are some strategies that might help people steer clear of temptations (e.g., unnecessary spending, excessive drinking and eating, binge-watching, etc.) and maintain their health?

By J.B. Watson
Ph.D., Emeritus Faculty (Sociology), Department of Government & Sociology - Stephen F. Austin State University & Emeritus Member, Association for the Scientific Study of Religion (ASSR)

Colleen Wynn
Ph.D., Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Sociology and Co-Director, Community Research Center - University of Indianapolis

Ryan T Cragun
Professor of Empirical Sociology - University of Tampa

Marta Soligo
Ph.D., Assistant Professor, William F. Harrah College of Hospitality - University of Nevada, Las Vegas and Visiting Professor, Master's Program in Planning and Management of Tourism Systems Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Italy

Dr. Stan Weeber
Professor of Sociology – McNeese State University

Nicole Marie Brown
MSEd, Ph.D. – Associate Professor, Sociology; Faculty Advisory Board Member, Ethnic Studies; Affiliate, Women's and Gender Studies – Saint Mary's College of California

Methodology

To determine the most sinful cities in America, WalletHub compared 182 cities — including the 150 most populated U.S. cities, plus at least two of the most populated cities in each state — across seven key dimensions: 1) Anger & Hatred, 2) Jealousy, 3) Excesses & Vices, 4) Greed, 5) Lust, 6) Vanity and 7) Laziness.

We examined those dimensions using 37 relevant metrics listed below with their corresponding weights. Each metric was graded on a 100-point scale, with a score of 100 representing the highest level of sinfulness. Please note that data for metrics marked with an asterisk (*) were available at the state level only. For metrics marked with two asterisks (**), the square root of the population was used to calculate the population size to avoid overcompensating for minor differences across cities.

Finally, we calculated each city’s weighted average across all metrics to determine its overall score, or WalletHub Vice Index, and used the resulting scores to rank-order the cities.

Anger & Hatred – Total Points: 14.3

· Violent Crimes per 1,000 Residents: Full Weight (~1.59 Points)

· Sex Offenders per Capita: Full Weight (~1.59 Points)

· Aggravated Assault Offenses Known to Law Enforcement per 1,000 Residents: Full Weight (~1.59 Points)

· Bullying Rate*: Full Weight (~1.59 Points)

· Hate-Crime Incidents per Capita: Full Weight (~1.59 Points)

· Hate Groups per Capita: Full Weight (~1.59 Points)

· Deaths due to Firearms per Capita: Full Weight (~1.59 Points)

· Number of Mass Shootings: Full Weight (~1.59 Points)

· Presence of Terrorist Attacks: Full Weight (~1.59 Points)
Note: This is a binary metric:
1 – There was a terrorist attack or related incident in the city.
0 – There wasn’t a terrorist attack or related incident in the city.

Jealousy – Total Points: 14.3

· Thefts per 1,000 Residents: Full Weight (~4.77 Points)

· Identity-Theft Complaints per Capita: Full Weight (~4.77 Points)

· Fraud & Other Complaints per Capita: Full Weight (~4.77 Points)

Excesses & Vices – Total Points: 14.3

· Share of Obese Adults: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)

· Fast-Food Establishments per Capita**: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)

· Excessive Drinking: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)
Note: This metric measures the age-adjusted prevalence of binge and heavy drinking among the adult population.

· DUI-Related Fatalities per Capita: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)

· Share of Adult Smokers: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)

· Share of Adult Coffee Drinkers: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)
Note: This metric measures the share of adults who drank ready-to-drink coffee in the past six months.

· Share of Population Using Marijuana: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)
Note: This metric measures the share of residents aged 12 and older who used marijuana in the past month.

· Retail Opioid Prescriptions Dispensed per 100 Persons: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)

· Drug Overdose Deaths: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)
Note: This metric measures the number of deaths due to drug poisoning per 100,000 residents.

· Debt-to-Income Ratio: Full Weight (~1.43 Points)

Greed – Total Points: 14.3

· Casinos per Capita**: Full Weight (~4.77 Points)

· Charitable Donations as Share of Income: Full Weight (~4.77 Points)

· Share of Adults with Gambling Disorders*: Full Weight (~4.77 Points)

Lust – Total Points: 14.3

· Adult Entertainment Establishments per Capita**: Full Weight (~3.58 Points)

· Google Search Interest Index for “XXX Entertainment”: Full Weight (~3.58 Points)
Note: This metric measures search interest for online adult entertainment.

· Google Search Traffic for the Term “Tinder”: Full Weight (~3.58 Points)
Note: This metric was used as a proxy for the cities that search Tinder the most.

· Teen Birth Rate: Full Weight (~3.58 Points)
Note: This metric measures the number of births per 1,000 female residents aged 15 to 19.

Vanity – Total Points: 14.3

· Tanning Salons per Capita**: Full Weight (~7.15 Points)

· Google Search Interest Index for “Top 5 Plastic Surgeries”: Full Weight (~7.15 Points)
Note: This metric measures search interest for the five most common plastic surgery procedures (rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, facelift, liposuction, and silicone implants) as a share of the national average.

Laziness – Total Points: 14.3

· Share of Adults Not Exercising: Full Weight (~2.38 Points)

· Average Weekly Hours Worked: Full Weight (~2.38 Points)

· Volunteer Rate: Full Weight (~2.38 Points)

· Average Daily Time Spent Watching TV*: Full Weight (~2.38 Points)

· High School Dropout Rate: Full Weight (~2.38 Points)
Note: This metric was adjusted by the poverty rate.

· Disconnected Youth (16-24) Rate: Full Weight (~2.38 Points)
Note: Disconnected youth are teenagers and young adults between the ages of 16 and 24 who are neither in school nor working.

Sources: Data used to create this ranking were collected as of October 20, 2025 from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internal Revenue Service, Advameg, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Federal Trade Commission, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, County Health Rankings, TransUnion, Yelp, National Council on Problem Gambling, Corporation for National and Community Service, Esri's Updated Demographics (2024 estimates), The Southern Poverty Law Center, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Wm. Robert Johnston, Gun Violence Archive, Google Ads and Tinder.

ATTACHMENT SIXTEEN – FROM THE NEW ATLANTIS

WHY WE ARE BETTER OFF THAN A CENTURY AGO

Our ancestors built grand public systems to conquer hunger, thirst, darkness, and squalor. That progress can be lost if we forget it.

By Charles C. Mann

I began this series of articles by describing a destination wedding that made me think of Thomas Jefferson. As I was writing this afterword, I went to another wedding in a faraway place, which put me in mind of another president, Calvin Coolidge.

WHY WE ARE BETTER OFF THAN A CENTURY AGO

The groom was a career military man from a conservative Catholic family. The bride’s family was liberal and Jewish. As I talked with the families, it became clear that they had strongly diverging ideas about issues like crime, immigration, religion, economics, and the environment. It is commonplace to observe that in the United States, and every other Western nation, these divisions have become so heated that threats of civil war and government collapse have become familiar news headlines. But at the reception there was a shared sense of happiness as the bridesmaids, beautiful young women in flowing dresses, and the groomsmen, handsome young men in dress uniforms, danced together under a splendid full moon.

The political fights that beset the nation are real and important. But at the same time people would have to be pretty far gone not to join in celebrating two nice young people beginning their lives together.

But the people at the wedding had deeper commonalities, too. All of them — like all the inhabitants of the United States and every other Western nation — stand together atop a mountain of successful efforts to improve human well-being. Conservative and liberal, atheist and believer, every race, age, and social class — each and every one has benefited from the great systems built up in the last century and a half that deliver to us good food, clean water, instant electric power, and advances in health. In every material sense, the people at the wedding were far better off than their forebears.

I was bluntly reminded of our good fortune the day after the wedding, when I visited friends who lived nearby. When I took a shower, I looked down and noticed that one of my calves was flushed and swollen. One of my legs is bigger than the other, I thought. That can’t be good.

A few hours later, I went to the emergency room, where a doctor diagnosed the swelling and redness as a skin infection: cellulitis. I asked if cellulitis is risky. “Oh, yes,” the doctor said. “These things have an excellent chance of killing you.” He prescribed antibiotics, which I bought afterward. Within a few hours of taking the first pill, the swelling had subsided. The episode was over — which put me in mind of Calvin Coolidge.

In the summer of 1924, Coolidge’s sixteen-year-old son, Calvin, Jr., played tennis on the White House grounds. For some reason, he wore sneakers without socks. He got a blister on his toe, as one might expect. It quickly became infected. The White House physician took Calvin, Jr., to Walter Reed General Hospital, then as now one of the nation’s finest health care facilities. Unsurprisingly, the son of the president got the best care available. Multiple specialists visited and the full resources of the hospital were devoted to his care. But none of this did any good. Within a week, the president’s son was dead. Coolidge went into a deep depression from which he never fully recovered.

Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium, was the cause of death. Staph was responsible for my infection, too. It was striking to realize that a) a century ago I might well have died; and b) the cost of maybe saving my life was three hours in the ER and $4.16 worth of antibiotics.

Another way of saying this is that I, like billions of others, have benefited from the progress humankind has made during the last century.

Progress today is a loaded word. The idea and its name both arose during the Enlightenment, when modern ideas about science first became widespread. Progress’s most important exponent was probably the French philosopher and mathematician Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, who wrote Outline of a Historical View of the Progress of the Human Mind in 1794. The Outline is a triumph of hope over experience. Its author initially supported the French Revolution, believing it would lead to more freedom, including freedom to criticize the government. But the revolutionary junta branded Condorcet as a traitor after he criticized it. He wrote about progress while hiding from the police. Soon after finishing the book, Condorcet was caught and thrown in prison. He died in his cell — possibly murdered, certainly still dreaming of progress — two days later. The Outline appeared posthumously.

Condorcet saw the increase of scientific knowledge as leading unavoidably to greater political freedom and well-being. So did most of the framers of the Constitution. But the awful wars of the twentieth century called this idea into question. In a celebrated passage written in 1940, the German writer Walter Benjamin imagined the “angel of history” turning backward to look at the past. “Where we perceive a chain of events [leading to the present], he sees one single catastrophe which keeps piling wreckage upon wreckage.” The angel would like to stop to fix the disaster, Benjamin wrote. But he can’t, because he is caught in a violent storm that hurls him helplessly forward “into the future to which his back is turned, while the pile of debris before him grows skyward. This storm is what we call progress.”

From this perspective, the idea of progress is worse than meaningless. It is a story that we tell ourselves rather than look directly at what is happening. On top of that, some critics say, these tales are used as tools to justify an unfair status quo. If Europe and North America are materially better off, that is not progress, but the profits from slavery, colonialism, and genocide. “We can find nothing in reality that might help to redeem the promise inherent in the word ‘progress,’” wrote the philosopher and critic Theodor Adorno in History and Freedom.

Adorno escaped the Nazis, who killed many of his friends and associates. Benjamin, one of his closest collaborators, committed suicide after the failure of his attempt to flee Europe. And after the war Adorno was dismayed by what he saw as German intellectuals’ clinging to German culture — its great music, writing, architecture, and so on — to avoid responsibility for the Holocaust. Adorno died in 1969, when Western cities were torn by riots, China was wracked by the Cultural Revolution, the two sides in the Cold War were racing to build ever more nuclear weapons, and warnings of imminent global famine were hitting the best-seller charts. Little wonder he doubted the idea of progress!

But Adorno lived before the Green Revolution drastically reduced world hunger. He never saw how modern anti-pollution techniques cleaned up rivers and water supplies all over Europe and North America. He never traveled to Africa, Asia, Latin America, and so did not see what it meant to have the gift of electric power. He didn’t see global public health campaigns eliminate smallpox, almost eliminate polio, drastically reduce malaria, and beat back a host of other infectious diseases.

Unlike me, Adorno never had the experience of going to an emergency room that was always open to the public, or of taking a life-saving antibiotic. Instead, his experience with medicine was that of multiple doctors being unable to diagnose or treat the incapacitating ailments — migraines, nausea, fever — that afflicted his wife for decades. On a larger scale, he did not have access to contemporary data and data-visualization techniques and so never saw charts like these: see websites OurWorldinData.com/child-mortality and OurWorldinData.com/maternal-mortality.

The charts show the fall in the number of British women who die during pregnancy or childbirth and the number of British children who die before the age of five. I chose Britain because it has unusually good records, but similar (if sometimes smaller) long-term declines have occurred all over the world. One would have to be extraordinarily cynical not to conclude from these charts that in fundamental ways life has gotten better.

Everywhere these and other improvements have occurred for the same reasons: better nutrition, cleaner water, more energy for heating and cooking, advances in public health. Condorcet, in other words, was partially right: the advance of science did lead to progress. But the progress was not so much political as material. And it wasn’t so much from science itself as the use of scientific advances — the invention of powerful pumps, the introduction of high-yielding crops, the discovery of electrons, the development of vaccines and antibiotics — to create systems that increased human well-being.

At the same time, Benjamin and Adorno were also partially correct. Condorcet believed that progress was inevitable, even guaranteed by natural forces. Benjamin and Adorno remind us that human failings can always make things worse. For understandable reasons, the two men thought in terms of human depravity. And it is true that terrorism, insurrection, and war, especially nuclear war, could negate much or most of the improvement in human well-being our forebears achieved.

But Benjamin and Adorno missed another, possibly more pernicious threat. Each increment of progress generates its own overhead. Even as brilliant minds pursue space flight, cancer cures, and flying cars, we also must undertake the largely invisible, sometimes thankless labor of maintaining and improving the sewage treatment plants our forebears bequeathed to us. The advances of our past are yokes around the neck of the present. The more advances, the heavier the weight of the yokes.

Power plants must be upgraded and replaced, along with power lines and distribution centers. Crops must be continually bred to face new pests and blights. Water systems must be renovated after use and wear. Medical treatments must adjust to diseases that are constantly evolving. Buildings must be renewed for new uses with new materials. And the standards behind all these efforts must be reviewed to take into account changes in science and society.

The list is long, daunting — and necessary. It is true that some new advances obviate past methods. A clear example: replacing lead pipes with plastic pipes can mean the water no longer has to be checked constantly for lead. But the systems overall will always need care. They will always be one generation from falling apart.

Sometimes it seems that in all the immediate tumult of a politically divided society the need to continue these efforts for the common good can be forgotten. These articles have been written in the hope that they will play a small part in reminding us of the need to pay attention to them. Our ancestors gave us the food, water, energy, and public health systems that undergird our world; keeping them going is how we can pass on those gifts to our children.

Charles C. Mann is a science journalist and the author of the bestsellers 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus (Alfred A. Knopf, 2005) and 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created (Alfred A. Knopf, 2011), as well as The Wizard and the Prophet: Two Remarkable Scientists and Their Dueling Visions to Shape Tomorrow’s World (Alfred A. Knopf, 2018).

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