The Don Jones Index, 7/17/26

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IN the NEWS: JULY 10, 2026 TO JULY 16, 2026

Friday, July 10, 2026

Dow: 52,637.01

Wall Street Jornal reports Iran plot to assassinate president Trump was the reason that he took the older, but better securitized Air Force One back from Turkey. The cease fire has been declared dead, but talks will continue in Oman.

Multiple midair emergencies include passengers sucked out broken windows but surviving in Texas while ten die in Bahamas crash.

ICE agents kill Houston’s Lorenzo Salgado Araujo – a construction worker living in America for thirty five years and close to receiving citizenship – saying that he tried to run them over. The car chase began after ICE says they thought he looked like another suspect; witnesses say ICE lied, he was just trying to get away – relatives say he feared carjackers.

“Road to Housing” act becomes effective at midnight even without Trump’s signature as he continues to hold it hostage to his election restricting Save America Act. The bipartisan bill had acquired 95 votes in the Senate.

Saturday, July 11, 2026

Dow: Closed

Wild weather continues with flash flooding requiring hundreds of rescues in Missouri. The storm dangers cover Louisville south to Memphis.

Trump makes new threats to destroy Iran but passes up opportunity to kill a few million Revolutionary Guards and supporters at ongoing Khameini funeral. Talks and strikes both continue from both sides. At home he appoints CW star John Rich to be the special envoys to US landlords and slumlords, prompting strange jokes.

Border Czar Tom Homan defends killing of Araujo, calling the witnesses liars. His children say he had “a basic human right to a long life.” Former ICE Barbie Kristi Noem is finally divorcing her trannie husband. Ten new real Barbie stamps issued as USPS raises rates again.

Sunday, July 12, 2026

Dow: Closed

It’s Talkshow Sunday (and also National Paper Bag Day) Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) suddenly dies, leaving the Pubs’ Senate majority in danger as doctors reveal Sen. Mitchy McConnell suffered from a fall and pneumonie but will hopefully recover. They can even pick up a seat as Maine candidate Graham Platner makes his campaign quit official over sex crime accusations. (See last week’s DJI)

Sunday talkers full of tributes to Graham; Megan McCain, daughter of mentor John calls him a “great patriot” while black Sen. Tim Scott (also from SC) says “America lost a statesman but I lost a friend.” He emphasizes Graham’s commitment to security, backing war on Iran and also Ukraine’ Zelenskyy, with whom he met a week ago. “No better friend, no tougher adversary” Sen. Chris Coons (D-De) recalls.

UN Ambassador Mike Waltz says strikes justified after Iran closes Hormuz again and attacks shipping from non-combatants like Singapore. Trump remains firm in saying “no nukes” to Teheran. “This Week” roundtablers praise Graham, denounce Platner – even liberal Donna Brazile says we should have known more about him... calling him a Brawny (paper towel) guy. Susan Glasser says Bernie still lobbying for a nominated populist progressive among those listed last week; Buckley Boy Ramesh Ponneru says Sen. Susan Collins disappointed because Platner would be easy to beat; he also calls Mitchy to be “transparent” about his health. Scott resurfaces on “Face the Nation” saying Graham “loved America” and, also, golf.

Rep. Mike Turner (R-Oh) promotes letting Turkey into NATO and, at home, says elections are still being corrupted by illegal aliens, prompting Federal charges against blue states. Haitians given two more weeks before being deported back to the chaos. Retired CENTCOM Gen. Frank McKenzie not surprised that Iran is sacrificing people to drag out talks while they develop nukes and praises LG as a friend of the military.

Monday, July 13, 2026

Dow: 52,508.75

Chaos and confusion attend the reopening of Hormuz strkes. To answer Iran’s demands for tolls, the USA will impose its own 20% toll for “protection”. Oil prices soar 3%, gas prices up 7¢ gallon.. Democrat Schiff accuses President Trump of having no way out of the “quagmire”.

Sen. Angus King (I-Me) says that Juan Sebastian Durán Guerrero of Colombia, the victim of the latest ICE shooting was, like the last, not the target of the migrant hunters, but just happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. Guerrero allegedly “weaponized” his vehicle against the ICEmen when his vehicle “attempted to flee”. His son blames incumbent Republican Senator Collins for supporting ICE budget as she faces the post-Platner electoral confusion.

In another upended Senate, the FBI searches the home of deceased Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) after his sudden death and conspiracy theories that it was foul play. Governor McMaster appoints Graham’s sister Darline to his seat with a special election set for Aug. 11^th. An aid to Senator turned Alabama Governor candidate Tommy Tuberville says he and Graham just spoke when the South Carolinian complained of chest pains. Republican panic and speed to fill the seat due to ongoing absence of Mitch McConnell (R-Ky).

Tuesday, July 14, 2026

Dow: 52,508.27

Tributes to Graham pour in from bipartisan colleagues as supporters cite his “infectious” smile. The Independent U.K. said that his bipartisanship led him to “often form enduring friendships and carry on negotiations with members in both parties” but, on the other hand, the New York Times’ Bret Stephens opined that Graham had “struck a devil’s bargain” with Trump; a choice that “gave him power.”

Heat rages around the world as temperatures reach 115° in Miles City, Montana. Billings hits 111°, Salt Lake City 109° and the heat will move east and create triple digit records in the BosWash corridor. Where it’s not broiling it’s flooding – parts of Texas get twenty inches of rain. No relief overseas either: Euroheat lifts Roman temperatures to 109° - making for a Hot Pope.

Critics say the American toll for “protection” will send gas prices over $4/gal. in a few days but Trump then suddenly cancels it. The war continues. SecState Marco promises to facilitate it by abolishing the International Criminal Court (or, at least, removing America from it).

At home, Judge Kathleen Williams of Florida accuses the President’s lawyers of “bad faith” in designating money from lawsuits to the One Six protesters. DHS Markwayne Mullin says ICE will suspend random vehicular stops as ICEman as Todd Blanche faces confirmation hearings beginning tomorrow.

Latest inflation report shows a drop from 4.2% to 3.5% with food and clothing down (or not as up as much as previously) but air fares rose 27% in June. Budget boss Warsh promises they will come down.

Wednesday, July 15, 2026

Dow: 52,858,74

It’s National Hot Dog Day.

Dog Days spread east to Boswash with hundred degree records and toxic smoke from Canadian wildfires poisoning the East with the world’s third worst air quality and headed higher. Out west, floods drench Texas with storms from Arkansas to Arizona. Tornadoes strike downtown San Antonio.

After Horn Island Nolan, another black swimmer’s accident called murder by parents who summon the ever-ready Ben Crump to orate, and maybe litigate.

ICE kills another man hit by a truck in Florida while fleeing the migrant hunters. Number two, Guerrero had his work permit and his wife and daughter watch his murder – a nervous Homan temporarily stops the vehicular chases, but only for a few hours until President Trump overturns him, saying “we cannot give up” on vehicular stops.

Foreign liberals call his renewed attacks on Iranian bridges “war crimes” but Sec. State Rubio says that America will cancel the International Criminal Court.

And holiday hunters merching “Summerween” as a Code Orange puts up a 12 foot Skelleyton for sale, along with animated mummies and a rich fellow buys a whole T. Rex skeleton called “Gus” for $50.1M.

Thursday, July 16, 2026

Dow: 52,552.97

The final FIFA finals are now set as Spain upsets France and Argentina rallies to defeat England – and the American League shuts out the Nationals in the All Star game.

Mother Nature, for her part, shuts out the sun due to the worsening toxic wildfire smoke from Canada blanketing the northeast quarter of America including BosWash; Detroit air quality twice the unhealthy limit. Down in Texas, the flooding rains continue – the Guadeloupe River that killed Mystic campers washing away cars and people. Not good Down Under either, a “small” 5.9 NZ quake raises tsunami risks.

President Trump seizes primetime for another address to the nation regarding his address in the White House which was stolen in 2020, imperiled in 2024 and endangered in November if Dems flip Congress and begin impeachering and criminal prosecutions. In his spare time, he attacks a tanker that didn’t pay the American toll in Hormuz, imposes a 25% tariff on Brazil (no more coffee!) and welcomes one hostage freed by Iranians.

77 year old Floridian woman first horrified, then resigned and finally admitting she’s “coming to like” the license plates assigned her that read SQZ A55.

ECONOMIC INDICES (60%)

CATEGORY

VALUE

BASE

RESULTS by PERCENTAGE

OUR SOURCES and COMMENTS

INCOME

(24%)

6/17/13 revised 1/1/22

LAST

CHANGE

NEXT

LAST WEEK in June (6/26)

Original Reconfig.

JULY 3RD

Original Reconfig.

LAST WEEK

Original Reconfig.

THIS WEEK

Original Reconfig.

THE WEEK’S CLOSING STATS...

Wages (hrly. Per cap)

1350

7/10/26

+0.29%

7/26

1,904.26

1,909.78

1,353.92

1,909.78

1,353.92

1,909.78

1,353.92

https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/average-hourly-earnings 37.64

Median Inc. (yearly)

600

7/10/26

+0.063%

7/24/26

1,472.81

1,473.51

600.48

1,474.31

600.80

1,475.24

601.18

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 67,937 974 8.017

Unempl. (BLS – in mi)

600

7/10/26

+2.38%

7/26

542.60

555.52

614.28

555.52

614.28

555.52

614.28

http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000/ 4.2

Official (DC – in mi)

300

7/10/26

+3.13%

7/24/26

216.79

216.76

299.96

216.73

299.92

223.51

309.31

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 7,317 318 096

Unofficl. (DC – in mi)

300

7/10/26

-5.12%

7/24/26

260.14

259.98

299.82

259.80

299.62

246.50

284.28

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 13,180 189 891

Workforce Participation

Number

Percent

300

7/10/26

-0.005%

-0.411%

7/24/26

295.83

295.82

299.99

295.81

299.98

294.60

298.75

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ In 162,727 718 212 Out 105,169 209 5,984 Total: 267,869 927 8,196

60.748 .732 .483

WP % (ycharts)*

150

7/10/26

-0.485%

7/26

149.98

149.25

149.27

149.25

149.27

149.25

149.27

https://ycharts.com/indicators/labor_force_participation_rate 61.50

OUTGO

(15%)

Total Inflation

1050

7/10/26

-0.4%

7/26

901.77

1050

901.77

1050

905.38

1052.10

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +0.5 -0.4

Food

300

7/10/26

+0.2%

7/26

257.37

300

257.37

300

256.86

299.40

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +0.2 .2

Gasoline

300

7/10/26

-9.7%

7/26

181.96

300

181.96

300

199.61

320.10

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +7.0 -9.7

Medical Costs

300

7/10/26

-0.1%

7/26

267.14

300

267.14

300

267.41

300.30

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +0.5 -0.1

Shelter

300

7/10/26

+0.1%

7/26

238.38

300

238.38

300

238.14

299.70

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm +0.3 .1

WEALTH

(6%)

Dow Jones Index

300

7/10/26

+0.125%

7/24/26

400.43

410.82

307.77

400.18

299.80

400.68

300.17

https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/index/ 52,900.07 52,487.41 52,552.97

Home (Sales)

(Valuation)

150

7/10/26

-1.92%

+2.63%

7/24/26

137.08

155.60

154.17

137.08

155.60

154.17

134.49

140.69

152.61

158.23

https://www.nar.realtor/research-and-statistics

Sales (M): 4.17 4.09 Valuations (K): 429.3 440.6

Millionaires (New Cat,)

150

7/10/26

+0.066%

7/24/26

137.58

137.65

150.07

137.72

150.15

137.81

150.25

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 24,315 328 344

Paupers (New Category)

150

7/10/26

+0.038%

7/24/26

134.77

134.73

149.96

134.69

149.92

134.64

149.86

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 36,955 966 980

GOVERNMENT

(10%)

Revenue (trilns.)

300

7/10/26

+0.179%

7/24/26

484.29

484.99

300.42

485.69

300.85

486.56

301.39

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 5,572 580 590

Expenditures (tr.)

300

7/10/26

+0.083%

7/24/26

287.56

287.40

299.84

287.16

299.59

286.92

299.34

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 7,225 231 237

National Debt tr.)

450

7/10/26

+0.084%

7/24/26

345.28

345.05

449.70

344.44

448.90

344.15

488.49

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 39,357 427 460

Aggregate Debt (tr.)

450

7/10/26

+0.240%

7/24/26

354.13

353.42

449.10

352.67

448.15

351.82

447.07

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 112,648 887 3,159

TRADE

(5%)

Foreign Debt (tr.)

300

7/10/26

+0.44%

7/24/26

253.65

253.52

297.14

252.18

295.57

251.07

294.27

http://www.usdebtclock.org/ 9,497 502 544

Exports (in billions)

150

7/10/26

-2.87%

7/7/26

203.57

150

203.57

150

197.73

145.70

197.73

145.70

https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/current/index.html 327.1 317.7

Imports (in billions))

150

7/10/26

+3.12%

7/7/26

134.69

150

134.69

150

130.49

145.32

130.49

145.32

https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/current/index.html 383.0 395.3

Trade Surplus/Deficit (blns.)

150

7/10/26

+27.96%

7/7/26

253.48

150

253.48

150

182.61

108.06

182.61

108.06

https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/current/index.html 55.9 77.6

SOCIAL INDICES

(40%)

ACTS of MAN

(12%)

World Affairs

450

7/10/26

-0.2%

7/24/26

468.20

450

467.27

+1325

449.10

466.24

448.20

World’s largest paper airplane takes off in Italy. Volkswagen to cut 50K jobs in the Euroslump; former UK Conservative MP Ann Widdecombe and Labour MP Jo Cox both murdered.

War and terrorism

300

7/10/26

-0.1%

7/24/26

281.19

280.63

299.40

280.35

299.10

280.07

298.80

SCOTUS assassination attempts causing Amy Coney Barret to wear a bulletproof vest. Iran opens, then closes Hormuz. “Revenge is the demand of our nation and must be carried out.” Mojtama Kamanei comes out of hiding to order. Yemen’s Houthis join Iranians Shiites in war against Sunni Saudis.

Politics

450

7/10/26

-0.2%

7/24/26

451.95

450

451.05

449.10

450.15

448.20

Trump boosts his ego with building renaming in Palm Beach. Congress grilling acting AG Blanche (who says that weaponization fund is dead, despite Trump denial), and also inexperienced conspiracy theorist DNI Jay Clayton and CDC nominee Dr. Erika Schwartz. Blanche yawns as EpFiles float up from the depths and defends Kash Patel.

Economics

450

7/10/26

-0.1%

7/24/26

426.64

427.49

450.90

427.07

450.45

426.64

450.00

Home prices hit new high as housing bill becomes law w/o T. signature – POTUS calls it a “big yawn”. June inflation reports finds a drop from 4.2% to 3.5% but gas and beef still costly and air fares up 27%. 32 states sue to stop Paramount/WB merger as “monopolistic”. VW to cut 50K jobs. Dinosaur IBM stock slides as Kalshi starts taking bets on airline delays and cancellations..

Crime

150

7/10/26

+0.1%

7/24/26

201.94

201.74

149.85

201.54

149.70

201.34

149.55

Deadly mass shootings in Toronto, Family of drowned Nolan Wells hire Ben Crump who calls it muder, “the white people did it!” Crump brings along good ol’ Al Sharpton to roil the boil then does double duty with Joan Durán Guerrero in Maine. Ljubisa Karović, pulled out of window on Ryan Air, credits his wife for saving his life.

ACTS of GOD

(6%)

Environment/Weather

450

7/10/26

-0.2%

7/24/26

277.49

276.96

449.10

276.41

448.20

275.85

447.30

Record heat includes 112° in Billings, MT, and Wyoming: hot honeymoon for Taylor! 256 die in Spanish wildfires.

Disasters

450

7/10/26

+0.1%

7/24/26

463.09

462.16

449.10

462.62

449.55

463.08

450.00

Death toll from Venezuelan EQ tops 3.800 today. 28 killed in Chinese shoe factory explosion, 27 in Bangkok bar fire Bison attacks tourist at Yellowstone. One death, three missing, thirteen rescued as funeral boat sinks off Alcatraz.

LIFESTYLE/JUSTICE INDEX

(15%)

Science, Tech, Education

600

7/10/26

7/24/26

617.97

617.35

599.40

617.35

599.40

617.35

599.40

Pentagon releases new UFO/UAP videos. Congress votes 305-177 to let states extend Daylight Savings to year round under the Sunshine Protection Act. Blue Angels low flyover in Pensacola scares spectators “in a good way.”

Equality (econ/social)

600

7/10/26

+0.1%

7/24/26

671.70

672.37

600.60

673.04

601.20

673.71

601.80

Pro-migrants protest the recent spate of ICE murders. RIP: Wally Funk, oldest woman in space (see below). Janice McNair, co-founder of the Houston Texans.

Health

600

7/10/26

-0.1%

7/24/26

412.58

411.75

598.80

411.34

598.20

440.90

595.69

Recalls of Cuisinart grills, 460K Kia Tellurides . “Park outside, no recall” Kia says on their fiery vehicles. FDA greenlights tampons full of lead and arsenic. Disease days bring new Legionnaires’, old Ebola, Cyclo, Screw Worms, Bird Flu, Monkeypox and so on – as well as deadly heatstrokes. Taco Bell removes “ingredients” (think lettuce) in Cyclo panic which hits 7.000 cases of explosive diarrhea by the end of the week. TV docs say heat impacts mental health but teen “tanmaxxers” disdain demonic sunscreen and welcome skin cancers.

Freedom and Justice

450

7/10/26

7/24/26

478.24

450

478.24

450

478.24

450

In the courts, Apple sues Open AI for fake piracy, Hyundai workers sue over robot replacements. SCOTUS fighting off assassins... Justice Barrett says she wears a bulletproof vest under her robes.

CULTURAL and MISCELLANEOUS INCIDENTS

(6%)

Cultural incidents

450

7/10/26

7/24/26

595.25

595.85

450.45

595.85

450.45

595.85

450.45

Rolling Stones drop new album: “Foreign Tongues”; crashers “bum rush” Jay Z concert at Yankee Stadium. “Moana” makes 95M at BO; “Rocky” doc will follow “Michael” which becomes first billion dollar biopic; “Supergirl” superflops and those who want it Greek await “The Odyssey”. “Big Brother” (the TV show) back on the air. Madonna back to #1 with “Confessions” at 67. In other sports: Bryce Harper calls out Fan Duel for exploiting compulsive gamblers while the Knicks clean up at ESPYS.

RIP: Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC), Wally Funk, oldest woman in space, SouthAfrican soccer star Jayden Adams, actor Sam Neill (“Jurassic Park”), Marvel villainess Walchine Ho; “Antiques Roadshow” host Theo Burrell.

Miscellaneous incidents

4%/3%

450

7/10/26

7/24/26

553.95

554.50

450.45

554.50

450.45

554.50

450.45

Hasbro debuts Play Dough for adults. Wigmaker makes “safe landing pads” for crow whisperer wife. Burmese pythons invade Florida. TV Chef Rocco DiSPirito serves up despirated shrimp (unhappy because they were caught); loosening of regulations leading to crowd chaos at National Parks like Yosemite.

The Don Jones Index for the week of July 10th through July 16th, 2026 was UP 10.54 points by standard configuration; 8.51 by the reconfigured.

The Don Jones Index is sponsored by the Coalition for a New Consensus: retired Congressman and Independent Presidential candidate Jack “Catfish” Parnell, Chairman; Brian Doohan, Administrator. The CNC denies, emphatically, allegations that the organization, as well as any of its officers (including former Congressman Parnell, environmentalist/America-Firster Austin Tillerman and cosmetics CEO Rayna Finch) and references to Parnell’s works, “Entropy and Renaissance” and “The Coming Kill-Off” are fictitious or, at best, mere pawns in the web-serial “Black Helicopters” – and promise swift, effective legal action againth parties promulgating this and/or other such slanders.

Comments, complaints, donations (especially SUPERPAC donations) always welcome at feedme@generisis.com or: speak@donjonesindex.com.

ATTACHMENT ONE – FROM @

ATTACHMENT ONE – FROM AI OVERVIEW @X32

BY NATIONS: FREEDOM

Switzerland, Denmark, and New Zealand top the Cato Institute and World Population Review Human Freedom Index rankings. Meanwhile, the Freedom House index, which measures civil liberties and political rights, lists Finland as the world's freest country, followed by Norway and Sweden. [1, 2, 3]

The top tier of countries consistently dominates global freedom metrics due to strong civil rights, robust rule of law, and free-market economies: [1, 2]

1. Switzerland: Ranks 1st overall on the Cato Institute index, maintaining high scores across both personal and economic freedoms.

2. New Zealand: Scores exceptionally high on both the Cato Index and Freedom House reports.

3. Denmark: Holds the 2nd spot globally in the Cato Institute human freedom index.

4. Finland: Frequently ranks first in overall freedom indices, with perfect marks in Freedom House political rights and civil liberties.

5. Norway & Sweden: Score 99/100 on the Freedom House index, noted for strong press freedom and individual liberties.

6. Ireland: Secures top ranks across Cato Institute and the Heritage Foundation.

7. Canada: Consistently ranks among the top 15 in overall freedom, scoring 97/100 on the Freedom House scale. [1, 2, 3, 4]

Conversely, the United States places 15th on the Cato Institute list and fell to 81 on the Freedom House index, reflecting recent drops caused by political polarization and restricted public expression. [1, 2]

For a complete breakdown of international scores, explore the Freedom House dashboard or download the comprehensive Cato Institute report. [1, 2]

ATTACHMENT TWO – FROM AI OVERVIEW: WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM

By Nations: SOCIAL EQUALITY by CATEGORY (Gender, Gender Orientation, Age. @)

When reviewing countries ranked by equality in the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the leading index to consult is the Global Index on Responsible AI (GIRAI). If you are looking for broader social equality and gender parity—which strongly influence AI bias—the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index is the primary authority. [1, 2, 3]

The top-performing countries across both AI responsibility and broad gender equality are detailed below.

1. Inclusion & Diversity in AI (Responsible AI)

The Global Index on Responsible AI evaluates countries specifically on how their governance, frameworks, and actions promote inclusive, rights-respecting, and equal AI ecosystems. [1, 2]

· Global Leader: The Netherlands

· Runners-up: Germany, Ireland, United Kingdom, and the USA

· Notable Insight: The GIRAI highlights that gender equality in AI governance is severely lagging globally, with only a fraction of assessed nations having frameworks dedicated to ensuring AI does not marginalize women and gender minorities. [1, 2, 3, 4]

2. Broad Social and Gender Equality

To understand how systemic inequalities shape societies (and potentially bias AI), the World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Report tracks global parity in economic participation, education, health, and politics. [1]

· #1 Iceland (Has closed over 90% of its gender gap)

· #2 Finland

· #3 Norway

· #4 New Zealand

· #5 Sweden [1]

What country has the worst sexism?

AI Overview

While there is no single universally agreed-upon metric for "worst," organizations measuring gender equality and women's well-being consistently rank Afghanistan at the very bottom globally.

Experts point to several specific factors that shape this ranking:

Afghanistan: Since the Taliban's return, decades of progress have been erased. Women and girls are largely banned from secondary and university education, restricted from most workplaces, and cannot travel or receive healthcare without a male guardian.

Other Highly Ranked Countries: According to the UN's Gender Inequality Index, countries like Yemen, Chad, Somalia, and Guinea also consistently rank among the most restrictive places for women, often suffering from severe violence, high maternal mortality, and lack of legal protections.

You can explore these global rankings and the specific indicators used (like health, economic participation, and political empowerment) in the Women, Peace and Security Index or the Global Gender Gap Report.

3. LGBTQ+ and Legal Equality

When evaluating equality from a legal protection and public opinion standpoint, the Equaldex Equality Index benchmarks inclusion globally. [1, 2]

· Top Regions: Nordic countries, Australia, New Zealand, and Western Europe. [1]

ATTACHMENT THREE – FROM FREEDOM HOUSE @X34

By Nations: Freedom

Freedom House rates people’s access to political rights and civil liberties in 208 countries and territories through its annual Freedom in the World report. Individual freedoms—ranging from the right to vote to freedom of expression and equality before the law—can be affected by state or nonstate actors. Click on a country name below to access the full country narrative report.

FREEDOM HOUSE ranks “Freedom in the World” and “Freedom on the Net” alphabetically

Top of Form

Quick Find:

Bottom of Form

Score Change Key:

No Change

Declined

Improved

Country or Territory

Freedom in the World Score

Freedom on the Net Score

Abkhazia*

40/100Partly Free

Not covered

Afghanistan

8/100Not Free

Not covered

Albania

69/100Partly Free

Not covered

Algeria

31/100Not Free

Not covered

Andorra

Not covered

Angola

60/100Partly Free

Antarctica

Not covered

Antigua and Barbuda

Not covered

Argentina

85/100Free

71/100Free

Armenia

54/100Partly Free

72/100Free

Australia

Austria

Not covered

Azerbaijan

6/100Not Free

34/100Not Free

Bahrain

Bangladesh

44/100Partly Free

45/100Partly Free

Barbados

Not covered

Belarus

7/100Not Free

20/100Not Free

Belgium

Not covered

Belize

Not covered

Benin

Not covered

Bhutan

69/100Free

Not covered

Bolivia

69/100Free

Not covered

Bosnia and Herzegovina

54/100Partly Free

Not covered

Botswana

Not covered

Brazil

Brunei

Not covered

Bulgaria

Not covered

Burkina Faso

20/100Not Free

Not covered

Burundi

Not covered

Cabo Verde

Not covered

Cambodia

Cameroon

15/100Not Free

Not covered

Canada

85/100Free

Central African Republic

5/100Not Free

Not covered

Chad

15/100Not Free

Not covered

Chile

China

Colombia

69/100Free

64/100Partly Free

Comoros

Not covered

Costa Rica

86/100Free

Crimea*

Not covered

Croatia

Not covered

Cuba

21/100Not Free

Cyprus

Not covered

Czechia

Not covered

Côte d'Ivoire

46/100Partly Free

Not covered

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Not covered

Denmark

Not covered

Djibouti

24/100Not Free

Not covered

Dominica

Not covered

Dominican Republic

67/100Partly Free

Not covered

Eastern Donbas*

Not covered

Ecuador

64/100Partly Free

63/100Partly Free

Egypt

El Salvador

Not covered

Equatorial Guinea

5/100Not Free

Not covered

Eritrea

3/100Not Free

Not covered

Estonia

Eswatini

17/100Not Free

Not covered

Ethiopia

Falkland Islands

Not covered

Fiji

72/100Free

Not covered

Finland

100/100Free

Not covered

France

76/100Free

Gabon

Not covered

Gaza Strip*

2/100Not Free

Not covered

Georgia

70/100Free

Germany

Ghana

80/100Free

64/100Partly Free

Greece

85/100Free

Not covered

Grenada

Not covered

Guatemala

48/100Partly Free

Not covered

Guinea

Not covered

Guinea-Bissau

33/100Partly Free

Not covered

Guyana

Not covered

Haiti

Not covered

Honduras

Not covered

Hong Kong*

Not covered

Hungary

69/100Partly Free

Iceland

India

62/100Partly Free

Indian Kashmir*

38/100Partly Free

Not covered

Indonesia

56/100Partly Free

48/100Partly Free

Iran

Iraq

31/100Not Free

Ireland

98/100Free

Not covered

Israel

Not covered

Italy

Jamaica

Not covered

Japan

78/100Free

Jordan

34/100Partly Free

Kazakhstan

23/100Not Free

37/100Not Free

Kenya

49/100Partly Free

58/100Partly Free

Kiribati

Not covered

Kosovo

Not covered

Kuwait

Not covered

Kyrgyzstan

Laos

Not covered

Latvia

Not covered

Lebanon

50/100Partly Free

Lesotho

67/100Free

Not covered

Liberia

Not covered

Libya

43/100Partly Free

Liechtenstein

Not covered

Lithuania

Not covered

Luxembourg

Not covered

Macao

Not covered

Madagascar

50/100Partly Free

Not covered

Malawi

68/100Free

Malaysia

60/100Partly Free

Maldives

Not covered

Mali

21/100Not Free

Not covered

Malta

88/100Free

Not covered

Marshall Islands

Not covered

Mauritania

38/100Partly Free

Not covered

Mauritius

Not covered

Mexico

58/100Partly Free

Micronesia

Not covered

Moldova

60/100Partly Free

Not covered

Monaco

Not covered

Mongolia

Not covered

Montenegro

68/100Partly Free

Not covered

Morocco

37/100Partly Free

54/100Partly Free

Mozambique

Not covered

Myanmar

4/100Not Free

Nagorno-Karabakh*

Not covered

Namibia

Not covered

Nauru

Not covered

Nepal

59/100Partly Free

Not covered

Netherlands

New Zealand

99/100Free

Not covered

Nicaragua

14/100Not Free

38/100Not Free

Niger

Not covered

Nigeria

44/100Partly Free

59/100Partly Free

North Korea

3/100Not Free

Not covered

North Macedonia

67/100Partly Free

Not covered

Northern Cyprus*

Not covered

Norway

99/100Free

Not covered

Oman

24/100Not Free

Not covered

Pakistan

32/100Partly Free

Pakistani Kashmir*

Not covered

Palau

Not covered

Palestine

Not covered

Panama

Not covered

Papua New Guinea

Not covered

Paraguay

63/100Partly Free

Not covered

Peru

66/100Partly Free

Not covered

Philippines

58/100Partly Free

Poland

Not covered

Portugal

Not covered

Puerto Rico

Not covered

Qatar

Not covered

Republic of the Congo

17/100Not Free

Not covered

Romania

Not covered

Russia

Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine*

17/100Not Free

-1/100Not Free

Not covered

Rwanda

21/100Not Free

34/100Not Free

Samoa

Not covered

San Marino

Not covered

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

70/100Free

Not covered

Serbia

67/100Partly Free

Seychelles

Not covered

Sierra Leone

Not covered

Singapore

48/100Partly Free

Slovakia

88/100Free

Not covered

Slovenia

Not covered

Solomon Islands

Not covered

Somalia

8/100Not Free

Not covered

Somaliland*

Not covered

South Africa

South Korea

South Ossetia*

Not covered

South Sudan

0/100Not Free

Not covered

Spain

Not covered

Sri Lanka

63/100Partly Free

St. Kitts and Nevis

Not covered

St. Lucia

Not covered

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Not covered

Sudan

1/100Not Free

Suriname

Not covered

Sweden

99/100Free

Not covered

Switzerland

Not covered

Syria

Not covered

São Tomé and Príncipe

Not covered

Taiwan

79/100Free

Tajikistan

5/100Not Free

Not covered

Tanzania

Not covered

Thailand

33/100Not Free

39/100Not Free

The Bahamas

Not covered

The Gambia

56/100Partly Free

Tibet*

0/100Not Free

Not covered

Timor-Leste

Not covered

Togo

37/100Partly Free

Not covered

Tonga

79/100Free

Not covered

Transnistria*

16/100Not Free

Not covered

Trinidad and Tobago

Not covered

Tunisia

59/100Partly Free

Turkey

32/100Not Free

31/100Not Free

Turkmenistan

1/100Not Free

Not covered

Tuvalu

Not covered

Uganda

33/100Not Free

52/100Partly Free

Ukraine

62/100Partly Free

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

76/100Free

United States

Political Rights	32 40
Civil Liberties	49 60

Last Year's Score & Status

84 100 Free

A country or territory’s Freedom in the World status depends on its aggregate Political Rights score, on a scale of 0–40, and its aggregate Civil Liberties score, on a scale of 0–60. See the methodology.

Overview

The United States is a federal republic with a strong rule-of-law tradition and robust formal protections for freedoms of expression and religious belief, along with a wide array of other civil liberties. In recent years, a number of factors—including political polarization, the growing role of money in politics, and discrimination, among others—have contributed to new infringements on fundamental rights and significantly hampered the ability of federal institutions to fulfill their core responsibilities with respect to budgeting, oversight, and governance.

Key Developments in 2025

· Donald Trump, who had previously served as president in 2017–21, was inaugurated for another term in January after winning the November 2024 presidential election. The year that followed was characterized by attempts to exert executive authority in domains ranging from immigration and trade relations to fiscal policy, domestic law enforcement, and war powers, many of which drew court challenges. On immigration in particular, the administration’s aggressive enforcement tactics and summary deportations led to scores of lawsuits.

· Also during the year, the Trump administration made sustained efforts to assert greater centralized control over executive-branch agencies and officials, to undermine anticorruption safeguards and enforcement, and to target its perceived political opponents with investigations and criminal charges. These actions prompted hundreds of additional lawsuits, and while many of the challenges were upheld in court, the administration was often successful in seeking emergency relief from the Supreme Court, allowing its measures to remain in place pending a final ruling.

· Two major targets of the Trump administration’s executive orders were the media and institutions of higher education. Some media companies were investigated by federal regulators over their content and staff policies, and others settled outstanding legal cases on terms favorable to Trump. Meanwhile, at the administration’s behest, Congress defunded the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, cutting off federal financial support for public media across the country. On the education front, the administration abruptly froze billions of dollars in federal grants to a number of colleges and universities, and launched investigations into dozens of others, often accusing them of possible civil rights violations. Several universities made policy concessions and agreed to financial settlements, while others fought the actions in court.

· Also during the year, the Trump administration both withheld funds that Congress had appropriated and spent or raised funds without congressional approval, activities that tested the ability of the legislative branch to protect its prerogatives and adequately respond to allegations of executive overreach. The narrow Republican Party majority in Congress frequently resisted the opposition Democratic Party’s demands for greater oversight of and constraints on the executive branch, and partisan disputes over Congress’s spending authority and rising health care costs culminated in a 43-day lapse in funding for the government, the longest federal shutdown in US history.

Political Rights

A Electoral Process

A1 0-4 pts

Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections?

4 4

The president, who serves as both head of state and head of government, is elected for up to two four-year terms. Presidential elections are decided by an Electoral College, with electors apportioned to each state based on the size of its congressional representation. In most cases, all of the electors in a particular state cast their ballots for the candidate who won the statewide popular vote, regardless of the margin. Two states, Maine and Nebraska, have chosen to divide some of their electoral votes among the candidates based on their popular-vote performance in each congressional district.

In the 2024 presidential election, the Republican nominee, Donald Trump, won 312 Electoral College votes, while the Democratic nominee, Kamala Harris, won 226. Trump also won the popular vote by a margin of approximately 2.3 million, or 49.8 percent to 48.3 percent. Roughly 64 percent of the eligible population cast ballots. The election for the most part proceeded smoothly, and the final results were widely accepted, with no high-profile attempt to challenge the outcome and no evidence of significant foreign interference.

A2 0-4 pts

Were the current national legislative representatives elected through free and fair elections?

4 4

Elections for the bicameral Congress are generally free and fair. The House of Representatives consists of 435 members serving two-year terms. The Senate consists of 100 members—two from each of the 50 states—serving six-year terms, with one-third coming up for election every two years. All national legislators are elected directly by voters in the districts or states that they represent. The capital district, Puerto Rico, and four overseas US territories are each represented by an elected delegate in the House who can perform most legislative functions but cannot participate in floor votes.

In the November 2024 general elections, the Republican Party maintained control of the House, losing two seats for a 220–215 majority. In the Senate, Republicans achieved a 53–47 majority and wrested control of the chamber from the Democrats. There were no significant or substantiated accusations of fraud in any race in 2024, and most losing candidates quickly conceded.

Resignations and deaths created several vacancies in the House of Representatives that were filled over the course of 2025. While these by-elections were conducted without incident, Speaker Mike Johnson refused to seat one new member, Arizona Democrat Adelina Grijalva, for more than six weeks beginning in September as he kept the chamber in recess during Congress’s impasse over spending legislation. At year’s end the Republicans maintained a 218–213 majority in the House.

A3 0-4 pts

Are the electoral laws and framework fair, and are they implemented impartially by the relevant election management bodies?

3 4

The electoral framework is generally fair, though it is subject to increasing manipulation due to both partisan pressures and recent legal decisions. The borders of districts for the House of Representatives, which must remain roughly equal in population, are redrawn following each decennial census. In the practice known as partisan gerrymandering, House districts, and those for state legislatures, are crafted to maximize the advantage of the party in power in a given state. The redistricting system varies by state, but in most cases it is overseen by elected state officials, and observers have expressed alarm at growing partisan efforts to control redistricting processes and redraw electoral maps more than once in each census period. In 2019, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal judiciary has no authority to prevent state officials from drawing districts to preserve or expand their party’s power. Some state courts have struck down partisan-gerrymandered maps based on their own constitutions, and a handful of states have established independent bodies to manage redistricting.

In 2025, both Republican and Democratic state leaders undertook efforts to redraw their House districts in advance of the 2026 midterm elections. Prompted by a request from President Trump, officials in Texas, Missouri, and North Carolina proceeded to pass new maps, with the aim of securing some seven additional seats for Republicans. In response, California Democrats enacted a new map that was expected to add five Democratic seats. At year’s end, similar efforts were underway in several other states on each side, but court challenges and other potential obstacles were still pending. Both Republican and Democratic leaders in some states resisted the pressure to redraw maps, and the new districts’ ultimate impact on election results remained a matter of speculation.

Historically, gerrymandering has also been used as a tool of racial disenfranchisement, specifically targeting Black voters, as well as Hispanic and Native American populations. The Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 generally prohibits racially discriminatory voting rules, and racial gerrymandering has been subject to reversal by federal courts, but it remains a problem in practice, partly due to an overlap with partisan gerrymandering in areas where Black voters tend to support Democrats and White voters tend to support Republicans. In March and October 2025, the Supreme Court heard arguments in Louisiana v. Callais, a case challenging the constitutionality of the creation of so-called majority-minority districts, which have been used to close the gap between the political representation and population share of racial minority groups. A final ruling was expected in 2026.

The US Constitution’s allocation of two Senate seats to each state regardless of its population skews congressional power away from population centers and toward less populous states. Similarly, because Electoral College votes are allocated to the states based on the size of their congressional delegations, and because most states award all of their electors to the state-level winner regardless of the margin, it is possible for a candidate to win the presidency while losing the national popular vote.

The six-member Federal Election Commission, which is legally prohibited from having a Democratic or Republican majority, is tasked with enforcing federal campaign finance laws. Commissioners are nominated to six-year terms by the president and confirmed by the Senate. Most enforcement actions require four votes, allowing partisan obstruction, and the body has long been considered ineffective as a result. In January 2025, President Trump dismissed one of the Democratic commissioners, a move that many experts said was unlawful because no cause was cited and no replacement was nominated; the dispute remained unresolved at year’s end. Two Republican commissioners resigned later in the year, leaving the panel with just two members and unable to conduct many of its statutory responsibilities.

In March 2025, the president issued an executive order that would require voters to provide proof of US citizenship, impose detailed rules and federal oversight on state vote-counting processes, and withhold federal funding from noncompliant states. The order was quickly challenged for exceeding presidential authority under the constitution and infringing on the states’ power to administer elections. Following a temporary suspension, it was permanently blocked by a federal district court in October; the government’s appeals were pending as of December.

B Political Pluralism and Participation

B1 0-4 pts

Do the people have the right to organize in different political parties or other competitive political groupings of their choice, and is the system free of undue obstacles to the rise and fall of these competing parties or groupings?

4 4

The intensely competitive US political environment is dominated by two major parties: the Republicans on the right and the Democrats on the left. The country’s prevailing “first-past-the-post” (or plurality-winner) electoral system, along with single-member districts, discourages the emergence of additional parties. For the many seats at all levels that are regarded as “safely” Democratic or Republican due to a combination of geographical sorting, partisan gerrymandering, and low voter turnout, the two parties’ primary elections often represent the main battleground for opposing views and have contributed to political polarization at the national level. Nevertheless, primaries and general elections in recent years have featured participation by ideologically diverse candidates across the country.

Those with no party affiliation make up a plurality of voters nationwide. Independent or third-party candidates have sometimes influenced presidential races or won statewide office, and small parties or ideological factions within the major parties—such as the Libertarian Party, the Green Party, and the Democratic Socialists of America—have also modestly affected local politics. While ranked-choice voting systems for some posts have been adopted in several jurisdictions in recent years, including the District of Columbia, Maine, and Alaska, voters in other states have rejected proposals to adopt ranked-choice voting, nonpartisan or open primaries, or combinations thereof. Such frameworks are regarded as more hospitable to third parties and centrist candidates than closed partisan primaries and plurality-winner voting.

B2 0-4 pts

Is there a realistic opportunity for the opposition to increase its support or gain power through elections?

4 4

Power changes hands regularly at the federal level, and while certain states and localities are seen as strongholds of one party or the other, even they are subject to intraparty competition and interparty power transfers over time. Gubernatorial elections during 2025 left Democrats with the governorship in 24 states, compared with Republicans’ 26. By the end of the year there was unified partisan control of the legislature and governorship in at least 39 states—23 Republican and 16 Democratic.

In April, President Trump directed the Department of Justice to investigate possible illegal donations to online fundraising platforms, specifically naming ActBlue, a central fundraising platform for the Democratic Party that was also under investigation by Republican-led committees in the House of Representatives. Critics of the presidential directive argued that it amounted to a politicized attack on the opposition party’s financial infrastructure, as a rival Republican platform was not subjected to the same scrutiny. No major developments related to the investigation had been made public by year’s end.

B3 0-4 pts

Are the people’s political choices free from domination by forces that are external to the political sphere, or by political forces that employ extrapolitical means?

3 4

Various interest groups have come to play a potent role in the nominating process for the presidency and members of Congress, partly because the expense and length of political campaigns place a premium on candidates’ ability to raise large amounts of funds from major donors. Attempts to restrict the role of money in political campaigning have typically been thwarted or watered down as a result of political opposition, lobbying by interest groups, and court decisions that cite the constitutional right to freedom of speech.

The 2024 election cycle was the most expensive to date, featuring an estimated $16 billion in spending by candidates, parties, and outside groups, compared with about $15 billion in 2020. As with other recent campaigns, much of the spending was routed through various types of “super PACs” (political action committees that are prohibited from coordinating with any candidate), nonprofit organizations, and other legal entities that often protect donor anonymity and carry few restrictions on the size and source of donations. Small donations make up an important share of candidates’ fundraising, but extremely wealthy contributors play an outsized part in overall spending on behalf of both parties, fueling concerns about undue political influence. Businessman Elon Musk, the world’s wealthiest person and the owner of companies with major government contracts, was the 2024 election cycle’s top individual spender, reportedly dedicating more than $280 million to support the campaigns of Trump and his allies. In 2025, after taking on a prominent role in Trump’s new administration, Musk used his social media platform X to threaten to fund primary challenges against members of Congress who failed to support his priority issues, and spent millions of dollars in an unsuccessful bid to defeat a liberal candidate for the Wisconsin Supreme Court; in the latter case, other billionaires contributed smaller sums to counter Musk’s effort.

Concerns about undue influence have also focused on lobbyists and others with ties to foreign governments who associate themselves with politicians or political campaigns. In one prominent case, former Senator Robert Menendez, a Democrat from New Jersey who had served as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, was sentenced to 11 years in prison in January 2025 for secretly working on behalf of the Egyptian and Qatari governments in exchange for bribes.

Violence and intimidation have become more common tools of political influence in recent years. In the wake of the January 6, 2021, attack on Congress—by Trump supporters attempting to disrupt the counting of Electoral College votes from the 2020 presidential election—more than 1,500 individuals were charged and more than 1,200 pleaded guilty or were convicted for related crimes. On the first day of Trump’s second term in January 2025, he pardoned virtually all of those convicted for conduct stemming from the attack, and also ordered the Department of Justice to seek dismissal of all pending cases that remained. Other forms of political violence have proliferated, and politicians have been subjected to a dramatic rise in intimidation, including from members of the public influenced by hostile political rhetoric. Following two serious attempts to assassinate Trump in 2024, major incidents during 2025 included the firebombing of Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro’s official residence and the murder and attempted murder of two Minnesota state lawmakers and their spouses. In September 2025, Charlie Kirk, a well-known political activist and leader of the conservative group Turning Point USA, was assassinated while speaking publicly at a Utah university. The suspects in these cases were arrested and charged.

B4 0-4 pts

Do various segments of the population (including ethnic, racial, religious, gender, LGBT+, and other relevant groups) have full political rights and electoral opportunities?

3 4

A number of important laws are designed to protect the political rights of women and members of racial and ethnic minority groups, and such individuals—in addition to LGBT+ people—have exercised their rights in practice, increasing their participation as successful candidates in recent elections. However, some legal protections have been weakened over time, and a number of obstacles to participation persist. White Americans and men continue to hold an outsized share of elected leadership positions relative to their share of the general population.

Members of racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by laws and policies that create obstacles to voting. A 2013 Supreme Court ruling invalidated portions of the VRA of 1965, ending a requirement for certain states to submit changes to their electoral systems for prior review by federal authorities; the review was meant to prevent enactment of racially discriminatory voting rules. In the years since, a number of states—including some that were never subject to the preclearance rule—have enacted tighter restrictions on voter registration, identification, and access; engaged in flawed voter-roll purges; or launched initiatives to punish voter fraud, a very rare phenomenon in US elections. More recent Supreme Court precedents have further pared back federal authority to supervise and regulate state-level electoral and redistricting reforms. Separately, state laws that deny voting rights to citizens with felony convictions continue to disproportionately disenfranchise Black Americans, who are incarcerated at significantly higher rates than other populations.

All people born or naturalized in the United States are deemed US citizens with full political rights, regardless of race, ethnicity, or national origin. After taking office in January 2025, President Trump issued an executive order meant to end birthright citizenship for the US-born children of foreign nationals whose presence in the country was unlawful or temporary, despite constitutional text and a century of legal precedent that afforded no such distinctions. After a lower court struck down the order, the administration appealed, and the matter was pending before the Supreme Court at year’s end. Separately, it was reported in December that the administration aimed to begin denaturalizing hundreds of citizens per month based on allegations of fraud or other grounds, though any such action would require case-by-case approval from a federal court.

C Functioning of Government

C1 0-4 pts

Do the freely elected head of government and national legislative representatives determine the policies of the government?

2 4

The elected president and Congress are generally empowered to determine government policies and craft legislation. However, partisan polarization and obstruction in Congress have repeatedly delayed appropriations bills across multiple administrations, resulting in a series of partial shutdowns of federal government operations. Stopgap measures averted shutdowns in 2024 and carried government operations through September 2025, but partisan disputes over executive infringements on Congress’s spending authority as well as expiring health care subsidies led to a 43-day shutdown, the longest in US history. It ended in November when several Democratic senators agreed to join Republicans in backing a funding extension through January 2026.

Supermajority requirements in the Senate have frequently allowed the party in the minority to stall legislation backed only by the majority party, and despite controlling the lower chamber since the 2022 midterm elections, Republicans in the House of Representatives have had difficulty maintaining a stable working majority, seriously hampering productivity. Narrow margins, persistent vacancies, and intraparty disagreement have repeatedly forced Republican speakers to rely on Democratic votes as a last resort to overcome dissenters from their own party on crucial spending bills. House dysfunction peaked in 2025 when, before the government shutdown began, Speaker Mike Johnson adjourned the body and ultimately kept it out of session for 54 days. In total, the House held just 362 votes during 2025, the second-lowest number since 2001; the lowest was in 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic sharply limited legislative activity.

Congress’s inability to effectively fulfill its responsibilities has been accompanied by increasingly extreme assertions of executive authority. Over the course of 2025, President Trump issued more than 220 executive orders, eclipsing the total from his entire first term and the four-year figures of all former presidents since Jimmy Carter (1977–81). The orders frequently invoked emergency laws to activate special powers. Many clashed with existing laws or jurisprudence and were blocked by the courts, while others were left in effect as hearings and appeals proceeded. For example, the administration both withheld funds that Congress had appropriated and spent or raised funds without congressional approval. In August it used a so-called pocket rescission for the first time in some 50 years, unilaterally canceling billions of dollars in appropriated foreign aid spending; opponents deemed the move illegal, but the Supreme Court allowed it to proceed without ruling on the merits. The administration also used layoffs, program cuts, and spending freezes to close or dismantle multiple agencies created by Congress, including the Department of Education, the US Agency for International Development, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and it sought to install or fire officials at statutorily independent, quasi-private, or legislative-branch entities over which it had little or no clear authority, such as the Federal Reserve, the Library of Congress, and the Government Accountability Office. These actions precipitated numerous lawsuits, some of which continued through the end of the year.

Score Change: The score declined from 3 to 2 due to the escalation of a multiyear trend of partisan gridlock and dysfunction in Congress, culminating in a funding crisis and the longest government shutdown in US history, as well as a parallel escalation in the executive branch’s assertions of unilateral authority, including its declaration of multiple national emergencies to claim special powers; its issuance of an unprecedented number of executive orders, many of which appeared to conflict with existing law; and its assumption of spending and oversight responsibilities that the US Constitution and statutory law assign to Congress.

C2 0-4 pts

Are safeguards against official corruption strong and effective?

2 4

The United States has historically benefitted from strong structural safeguards against corruption, including traditionally independent law enforcement and judicial systems, a free and vigorous press, and an active civil society sector. A variety of regulations and oversight institutions within government are designed to curb self-dealing and conflicts of interest and prevent other situations that could lead to malfeasance. In recent years, those safeguards have suffered significant erosion.

Regulations pertaining to the influence of money in US politics have long been criticized as inadequate, and Supreme Court rulings in recent years have narrowed the legal definition of political corruption to include only a clear exchange of bribes for government action, making prosecutions more difficult. In 2024, the Supreme Court issued a ruling that removed the ability of federal prosecutors to bring corruption charges against state and local officials who accept illegal “gratuities”—payments made to the official as a reward or token of appreciation. The court’s separate 2024 decision on presidential immunity—which established presidents’ absolute immunity from criminal prosecution for acts within their core constitutional authority, and at least presumptive immunity for other official acts—also raised concerns that it could encourage future abuses of power related to corruption. However, the court held that no immunity applied to purely private conduct.

Over the course of 2025, President Trump took several steps that weakened ethics protocols and undermined oversight institutions. In January, he removed 18 inspectors general serving in various cabinet departments and agencies, without providing the legally required notice to Congress. In February, the president fired the head of the Office of Special Counsel, which plays a critical role in protecting whistleblowers; removed the director of the Office of Government Ethics, the official responsible for verifying that government employees comply with ethics requirements and conflict-of-interest policies; and paused enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for several months before issuing new guidelines on its application.

The administration was also plagued by both the plain appearance and allegations of significant conflicts of interest or corruption. In contrast with previous presidential practice, Trump did little to separate his public responsibilities from his family’s business endeavors. As with his first administration, Trump-owned properties again served as venues for political, fundraising, and quasi-official activity while generating revenue from corporations, lobbyists, and foreign-linked entities with federal interests. The family’s cryptocurrency ventures, which reportedly netted them nearly $1 billion in 2025, became a focus of particular concern as a potential vehicle for bribery. In one episode in May, an investment firm controlled by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) agreed to carry out a $2 billion transaction using a “stablecoin” issued by World Liberty Financial, a cryptocurrency firm founded by the families of the president and his Middle East envoy, Steve Witkoff. Weeks later, the administration scrapped a rule that limited the sale of advanced computer chips and struck a deal granting the UAE access to such chips. Also in May, amid broader concerns about the president’s solicitation of large gifts and donations from people and entities with business before the US government, the administration agreed to accept the Qatari government’s donation of a Boeing 747 for use by the president; after he left office, the jet would be transferred to Trump’s presidential library rather than remaining in government hands. In October, it was reported that Trump was personally seeking approximately $230 million from the Department of Justice in compensation for its investigations of him in the years before his return to office, meaning he—as a plaintiff and as president—would be heading both sides of the same dispute.

In terms of anticorruption enforcement, the new administration dramatically reduced staffing and resources at the Department of Justice’s specialized unit for investigating political corruption, cutting its roster of career lawyers from 36 to two. The administration also halted prosecutions or issued clemency decisions in a series of high-profile cases involving political corruption or private-sector fraud, and many of the beneficiaries had financial ties to the president’s political fundraising projects or family enterprises. Those moves were facilitated by the president’s dismissal of the career head of the Office of the Pardon Attorney and her replacement with a political loyalist.

Score Change: The score declined from 3 to 2 due to the weakening of anticorruption safeguards and enforcement efforts as well as serious violations of ethical standards under the new administration, including the president’s promotion of multibillion-dollar business ventures operated by his family that entailed clear conflicts of interest; his solicitation of large gifts and donations from businesses, individuals, and foreign governments; and a pattern of clemency and closed investigations that benefited both politicians implicated in corruption and businesspeople with ties to the president’s campaign or family enterprises.

C3 0-4 pts

Does the government operate with openness and transparency?

3 4

The United States was the first country to adopt a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) 60 years ago, and the law—along with its state-level counterparts—is actively used by journalists, civil society groups, researchers, the private sector, and members of the public. Although a 2016 reform law was designed to improve government agencies’ responsiveness to FOIA requests, the federal government has continued to struggle with the magnitude and complexity of inquiries, leading to lengthy delays, growing backlogs of unresolved requests, inadequate responses, and lawsuits aimed at forcing compliance.

The executive branch includes a substantial number of auditing and investigative bodies that are designed to be independent of political influence; such bodies are often spurred to action by the investigative work of journalists. A law adopted in 2022 included provisions intended to reinforce the independence of inspectors general and protect them from arbitrary removal by the president. These rules, along with other legal protections, were tested by President Trump’s dismissals of inspectors general in 2025, and in September the administration withheld funding from the cross-agency Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, causing the websites of many inspector general offices to go dark; the council’s funding was restored under pressure from Congress in November.

Political polarization and related dysfunction in Congress has had a negative impact on the transparency of the legislative process in recent years. Negotiations on bills are increasingly conducted behind closed doors, among smaller groups of lawmakers, and in close proximity to voting, limiting opportunities for open debate and public consultation. In the executive branch, meanwhile, transparency advocates raised concerns during 2025 about the abrupt or unexplained removal, consolidation, or prolonged unavailability of government webpages and public datasets, as well as delays in updating information related to government spending, enforcement actions, and regulatory compliance. In one high-profile action, the president fired the head of the Bureau of Labor Statistics in August after it published disappointing national employment data.

In January, Elon Musk was put in control of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), an initiative created by executive order to “moderniz[e] Federal technology and software to maximize governmental efficiency and productivity.” DOGE’s efforts, characterized by the summary cancellation of government spending programs and efforts to seize control of targeted agencies’ databases and spending systems, precipitated myriad lawsuits centered on both its authority and its operations. While DOGE claimed to have saved hundreds of billions of taxpayer dollars, its lack of transparency made its impact difficult to verify, and critics both within and outside of government argued that its actions had actually imposed net costs on the US government. The administration repeatedly resisted and appealed attempts by watchdog groups to obtain information about DOGE’s activities via FOIA requests.

Civil Liberties

D Freedom of Expression and Belief

D1 0-4 pts

Are there free and independent media?

3 4

The United States has a free and diverse press, operating under some of the strongest constitutional protections in the world. Nonetheless, media freedom and independence have been eroded by government pressure, market concentration, economic constraints, and partisan bias. The national media environment retains a high degree of pluralism, with newspapers, newsmagazines, traditional broadcasters, cable television networks, and news websites competing for readers and audiences. However, news coverage has grown more polarized, with certain outlets providing a consistently right- or left-leaning perspective. While internet access is widespread and unrestricted, independent local sources of news have struggled to keep up with technology-driven changes in news consumption and advertising, contributing to significant ownership consolidation in some sectors, and a number of communities with just one or no local news outlet.

During 2025, many media outlets came under pressure from the federal government regarding their coverage or practices. The newly appointed chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Brendan Carr, stated that the FCC could block merger-and-acquisition deals involving broadcast networks that maintain diversity, equity, and inclusion policies for staff, and threatened the broadcast licenses of companies whose content he deemed objectionable. Some major media and technology companies—including those seeking regulatory approval for business transactions—voluntarily made concessions or settled defamation lawsuits by President Trump, though other media outlets continued to defend themselves in court. Public television and radio broadcasters across the country, which had long faced accusations of left-wing bias from critics on the right, were dealt a financial blow in July, when Congress granted the administration’s request to defund the Corporation for Public Broadcasting; the entity ultimately closed down as a result. The government also put new conditions on media access to its officials and facilities, for example by excluding the Associated Press from presidential venues because it did not adopt the administration’s renaming of the Gulf of Mexico, and by imposing new reporting restrictions on outlets seeking to access the Department of Defense.

According to the US Press Freedom Tracker, a joint project of multiple nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the number of press freedom violations increased in 2025; the jurisdictions with the largest tallies were California, Illinois, and Washington, DC. While arrests of journalists declined to 35 from about 50 in 2024, the number of assaults increased to 188 from fewer than 90. The majority of these incidents stemmed from journalists’ efforts to cover protests against and other responses to the Trump administration’s crackdowns on illegal immigration in US cities.

D2 0-4 pts

Are individuals free to practice and express their religious faith or nonbelief in public and private?

4 4

The US Constitution protects the free exercise of religion while barring any official endorsement of a religious faith, and there are no direct government subsidies to houses of worship. The Supreme Court regularly adjudicates cases involving the relationship between religion and the state. In recent years, the court has issued several rulings that eased restrictions designed to avoid the appearance of an official endorsement of religion, for example by authorizing public funding of religious schools under some circumstances, or that reinforced the free-exercise clause, for instance by allowing students to opt out of some school content on religious grounds. In 2025, groups dedicated to the separation of church and state accused the Trump administration of favoring Christianity or advancing Christian nationalism through measures such as the February creation of an interagency Task Force to Eradicate Anti-Christian Bias, arguing that there was little evidence of such bias in practice. In July, to settle a lawsuit by conservative Christian groups, the Internal Revenue Service stated in a court filing that, contrary to a 1954 law, churches should not lose their tax-exempt status if their pastors endorse political candidates.

Hate crimes based on religion are generally prosecuted vigorously by law enforcement authorities. According to the latest available Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) statistics, covering 2024 and released in 2025, hate crimes based on religion rose slightly compared with the previous year; antisemitic and anti-Muslim incidents, respectively, remained the first and second most common types of religious hate crimes, even though Jews and Muslims together made up less than 4 percent of the US population. High-profile incidents during 2025 included deadly shootings at a Jewish museum in Washington, DC, and at churches in Michigan and Minnesota, and the vandalism of multiple mosques.

D3 0-4 pts

Is there academic freedom, and is the educational system free from extensive political indoctrination?

3 4

Despite a long history of autonomy and robust legal protections for academic freedom, educational institutions have become a significant site of partisan conflict and political pressure in recent years. Among the Trump administration’s central priorities in 2025 was the use of federal investigations, lawsuits, and suspensions of federal research funds as leverage to force universities to change their admissions systems, antidiscrimination policies, and academic practices. Among other cited concerns, the administration stated that following the Hamas terrorist attack on Israel in October 2023 and the ensuing conflict in the Gaza Strip, Jewish students on university and college campuses in the United States faced denial of access to campus common areas and facilities, intimidation, harassment, physical threats, and assaults. According to media reports, at least 60 universities were warned of possible investigation and enforcement actions under the Civil Rights Act for what the administration deemed insufficient attention to antisemitism and other forms of discrimination. With regard to funding, federal entities including the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation began both canceling and attaching new restrictions to grants that conflicted with administration priorities, affecting billions of dollars in allocations.

Several universities successfully challenged these actions in court, arguing that the federal interventions were ideologically motivated and violated legal and constitutional protections for academic freedom, while others reached settlements involving policy changes and the payment of fines. In October, the administration offered a group of nine universities preferred access to federal research funds if they signed an agreement requiring specific changes to their policies and academic practices; no institutions had accepted the offer as of December.

Academic freedom at colleges and universities had been under pressure from both ends of the political spectrum prior to 2025. Faculty have reported engaging self-censorship to avoid professional repercussions or harassment—including on social media—related to curriculum content, textbooks, or statements that some students strongly disagree with. State officials have advanced policies and legislation that limit classroom discussion of—or access to books and other materials on—certain topics or ideas related to race, sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity, including at the primary- and secondary-school level. Some educators and administrators who were concerned about accreditation, legal liability, and parental anger have reportedly acted preemptively to eliminate or alter courses or programs and to remove previously well-regarded texts from school libraries. These developments took place against the backdrop of a sharp rise in threats and intimidation aimed at school officials.

D4 0-4 pts

Are individuals free to express their personal views on political or other sensitive topics without fear of surveillance or retribution?

3 4

While the US Constitution has been interpreted to guarantee some of the world’s most expansive protections for speech and expression, both the government and nonstate actors have posed threats to those freedoms in recent years.

In 2025, the Trump administration cited concerns about hostility toward the United States and support for designated foreign terrorist organizations as reasons to increase vetting of the social media activity of visa holders and other immigrants. Based on these efforts, the government reportedly revoked hundreds of visas as well as some permanent residency documents during the year. Some of these decisions were known to have been prompted by the individual’s nonviolent online or offline speech about sensitive topics such as the war between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip and comments critical of Charlie Kirk in the aftermath of his assassination. In response, several lawsuits challenged the government’s ability to surveil the social media posts of noncitizens and deport noncitizens for engaging in activities protected by the US Constitution’s First Amendment. A federal court ruled in September that the administration had unfairly targeted noncitizens for their speech, a finding that the government said it would appeal.

Some US citizens who expressed their views on topics such as the Trump administration, immigration policies, and Kirk’s murder also faced the risk of reprisals, motivating broader self-censorship. In a small number of reported cases, the individuals were arrested or questioned by authorities over their comments. Federal agencies reportedly engaged in the large-scale use of administrative subpoenas to identify protesters and social media users who challenged immigration enforcement efforts.

The administration’s actions during the year revived older debates about the potential effects on free speech of electronic surveillance activities by law enforcement, immigration, and intelligence agencies, due in part to long-standing allegations of a disproportionate focus on religious, racial, and ethnic minority populations.

Meanwhile, the recent rise in offline political violence—against targets from across the political spectrum—has magnified the impact of online threats linked to political speech. These problems have been compounded by the practice of doxing, the nonconsensual release of individuals’ personal information. Although several states have passed legislation designed to prevent and punish doxing, the laws have drawn criticism for allegedly infringing on free-speech rights.

Score Change: The score declined from 4 to 3 due to a multiyear rise in threats and reprisals for political expression, and the new administration’s efforts to punish nonviolent speech by noncitizens, both of which produced a chilling effect on personal expression.

E Associational and Organizational Rights

E1 0-4 pts

Is there freedom of assembly?

4 4

In general, officials respect the constitutional right to public assembly. Demonstrations on political and other topics are common and typically proceed without incident, though local authorities often place restrictions on the location or duration of large protests. Such restrictions have increased in recent years, with a spate of state-level laws imposing changes such as the reduction of permissible protest spaces, the criminalization of customary protest tactics, and the establishment of more severe punishments for assembly-related infractions.

There were multiple high-profile protests and public assemblies during 2025. For example, opponents of the Trump administration’s sweeping assertions of executive power organized so-called No Kings protests in over 2,000 locations in June, attracting an estimated five million people, followed by a larger round of nationwide protests in October. Though they were generally peaceful, some of these protests featured confrontations with police that resulted in arrests. More significant disruptions occurred during various protests against the administration’s immigration enforcement efforts. In several cities where Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents were deployed in large numbers to carry out detentions and removals, clashes with protesters included the use of tear gas, pepper spray, and other crowd-control devices, prompting accusations that federal agents or police had used excessive force. In response to such episodes, President Trump stationed National Guard troops in Los Angeles without the consent of California’s governor, and prepared to do the same in Chicago, Illinois, and Portland, Oregon, but he abandoned the effort in late December after a series of adverse court rulings. A separate deployment of National Guard troops to Washington, DC, which began in August for the stated purpose of fighting crime, was allowed to continue, as were similar operations in Memphis, Tennessee, and New Orleans, Louisiana, where they had the consent of state governors.

E2 0-4 pts

Is there freedom for nongovernmental organizations, particularly those that are engaged in human rights– and governance-related work?

4 4

US laws and practices give wide freedom to NGOs and activists to pursue their civic or policy agendas, for example by mounting public campaigns or filing lawsuits to block government actions that they consider harmful.

Nonetheless, some categories of NGOs faced significant financial and investigatory pressure from the government during 2025. A series of federal funding freezes and grant terminations early in the year forced a wide range of groups across the country to suspend operations and lay off staff. An executive order in March directed changes to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program that ended eligibility for employees of organizations whose activities it characterized as having an “illegal purpose,” including certain forms of support for undocumented immigrants and medical care for transgender children. As part of a broader effort to combat speech they deemed dangerous, figures in the Trump administration in September signaled an interest in investigating liberal grantmaking organizations like the Open Society Foundations and the Ford Foundation. At the same time, President Trump issued an executive order designating “antifa”—an umbrella term for decentralized left-wing antifascist groups or individuals—as a “domestic terrorist organization.” The order was followed by a presidential memorandum that described “antifa” domestic terrorism as being animated by “anti-Americanism, anti-capitalism, and anti-Christianity,” and instructed federal investigators to target NGOs that have foreign ties and are involved in “activities that support or encourage domestic terrorism.”

E3 0-4 pts

Is there freedom for trade unions and similar professional or labor organizations?

3 4

Federal law generally guarantees trade unions the right to organize and engage in collective bargaining. The right to strike is also legally protected for most workers, though many public employees are prohibited from striking. Over the years, the strength of organized labor has declined, and just 5.9 percent of the private-sector workforce belonged to unions in 2025. While public-sector unions had a higher rate of membership, with 32.9 percent, they have come under pressure as well. The overall unionization rate in 2025 was 10 percent.

Aspects of the country’s labor code and decisions by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) during Republican presidencies have been regarded as impediments to organizing efforts, but Democratic administrations, which are generally more supportive of union interests, have failed to reverse the deterioration. President Trump’s dismissal of a board member in January 2025 denied the NLRB a quorum for much of the year, leaving it unable to issue new rulings; the Supreme Court allowed the firing to remain in effect while a legal challenge unfolded.

Private employers have used various tactics to hamper union activity, for example categorizing workers as contractors or applying rules pertaining to franchisees to prevent organizing. Twenty-six states have “right-to-work” legislation in place, allowing private-sector workers who benefit from union bargaining to opt out of paying union dues or fees. A 2018 Supreme Court ruling that government employees cannot be required to contribute to unions representing them in collective bargaining has led to further losses in union revenue and membership. In March 2025, the Trump administration issued an order that excluded employees at a range of federal agencies from collective bargaining rights, citing national security priorities. A similar executive order followed in August, expanding the number of agencies affected. Lawsuits challenging the orders, which implicated the contracts of more than one million workers, were ongoing at year’s end.

Despite these headwinds, labor activism and mobilization have remained at high levels in recent years, resulting in strikes during 2025 that affected the health care, retail, manufacturing, and hospitality sectors, among others.

F Rule of Law

F1 0-4 pts

Is there an independent judiciary?

3 4

Although the American judiciary depends on the other branches of government for nomination, confirmation, and funding, courts have historically enjoyed ample independence in their adjudication of cases, and federal judges are appointed for life as a safeguard against political interference. US courts regularly demonstrate their autonomy by blocking or limiting executive and legislative actions.

In 2025, litigation surrounding President Trump’s executive actions put increased pressure—both logistical and political—on the judicial system. A July media investigation found that the administration had defied or otherwise resisted court oversight in over a third of the cases decided against them. Trump and his allies, both within and outside of government, responded to adverse rulings by questioning the authority of courts to control executive actions and, in at least one case in March, by calling for the impeachment of the judge involved. The impeachment threat drew a rare rebuke from Chief Justice John Roberts, who released a statement noting that the normal appeals process was the appropriate means of responding to disagreement with a ruling. In June, the Department of Justice took the remarkable step of suing all 15 federal judges in Maryland after the chief judge there imposed an automatic 48-hour pause on any deportation order that is challenged in court; a federal judge in Virginia dismissed the suit, but an appeal was pending at year’s end.

The pattern of judicial appointments in recent years has added to existing concerns about partisan distortion of the appointment and confirmation process. Senators from both parties have weakened rules that effectively required bipartisan supermajorities to advance judicial nominations, and have since used procedural maneuvers to either stall nominations by presidents of the opposing party or accelerate those by presidents of their own party, with the goal of shaping the ideological makeup of the federal judiciary.

A series of ethics scandals over gifts or outside income to Supreme Court justices have spurred calls for Congress to enact a binding code of conduct for the Supreme Court, which is exempt from certain existing rules for federal judges. The high court voluntarily adopted its own code of conduct in 2023, though it had no clear enforcement mechanism and drew criticism from good-governance groups.

In many states, judges are chosen through either partisan or nonpartisan elections, and a rise in campaign fundraising and party involvement in such elections over the last two decades has increased the threat of bias and favoritism in state courts. In addition, executive and legislative officials in a growing number of states have attempted to exert greater control over state courts.

Recent decisions by Presidents Joseph Biden and Trump have amplified existing concerns about abuses of the pardon power and their impact on the durability of judicial rulings. These concerns were previously exacerbated by the Supreme Court’s 2024 ruling on presidential immunity, which granted presidents absolute immunity from criminal prosecution for any misuse of core constitutional powers, including the pardon power. Biden granted a broad pardon to his son in late 2024, and just before stepping down in January 2025, he issued preemptive pardons to several family members and public officials who were seen as vulnerable to politicized prosecutions under the incoming Trump administration. Once in office, Trump eliminated the convictions or commuted the sentences of numerous personal or political allies, including perpetrators of the 2021 attack on the Capitol, other individuals involved in the effort to overturn the 2020 election results, a former Honduran president who had been convicted on drug-trafficking charges, a cryptocurrency executive with connections to Trump family business ventures, and a range of others convicted of fraud, corruption, or financial crimes.

F2 0-4 pts

Does due process prevail in civil and criminal matters?

3 4

The United States has a deeply rooted rule-of-law tradition, and legal and constitutional protections for due process are generally observed. However, the criminal justice system suffers from a number of chronic weaknesses, many of which are tied to racial discrimination and contribute to disparities in outcomes that disadvantage members of racial minority groups, particularly Black Americans. Media reports and analyses have drawn attention to the extensive use of plea bargaining in criminal cases, with prosecutors employing the threat of harsh sentences to avoid trial and effectively reducing the role of the judiciary and juries; deficiencies in the parole system; long-standing funding shortages for public defenders, who represent low-income defendants in criminal cases; racial bias in risk-assessment tools for decisions on pretrial detention; and the practice of imposing court fees or fines for minor offenses as a means of raising local budget revenues, which can lead to jail terms for those who are unable to pay.

These problems and evolving enforcement and sentencing policies have contributed to major increases in incarceration over time. The population of sentenced state and federal prisoners soared from about 200,000 in 1970 to about 1.2 million in 2025. There are also hundreds of thousands of pretrial detainees and people serving short-term sentences in local jails, and tens of thousands of people in immigration detention. Black and Hispanic inmates continue to account for a majority of the prison population, whereas Black and Hispanic people account for roughly a third of the general US population. In 2025, the Trump administration’s immigration enforcement efforts were widely characterized by disregard for or avoidance of due process protections, precipitating scores of lawsuits by affected individuals and advocacy organizations.

Multiple events over the course of 2025 caused observers to raise concerns about the politicization of the Department of Justice and the federal legal system more broadly. In March, the president issued executive orders intended to punish law firms that had either employed lawyers involved with or otherwise supported litigation and investigations of which he disapproved; under the orders, the firms would be cut off from government contracts, security clearances, and access to government sites and officials, among other repercussions. While some firms successfully challenged the orders in court, others agreed to terms ranging from modification of diversity-related employment policies to the provision of pro bono legal services in support of the administration’s priorities. Under public pressure from the president, the Department of Justice also opened investigations into former and current public officials who were perceived as his opponents. The department ultimately filed indictments against former FBI Director James Comey, New York Attorney General Letitia James, and former National Security Advisor John Bolton; associated appeals and several other probes were reportedly still in progress at year’s end. In a related development, the administration attempted to install Trump’s personal and political allies as US attorneys in multiple districts across the country, using procedural maneuvers to sidestep the Senate confirmation process; federal courts repeatedly deemed the appointments invalid, affecting the viability of the prosecutions they oversaw.

F3 0-4 pts

Is there protection from the illegitimate use of physical force and freedom from war and insurgencies?

3 4

Both the criminal homicide rate—at 5.0 per 100,000 inhabitants as of 2024, according to the latest FBI data—and overall crime rates in the United States have declined substantially since the 1990s. However, the figures remain high when compared with other wealthy democracies. After a sharp rise between 2019 and 2021, the number of murders fell in the subsequent years and by mid-2024 had dropped back below the 2019 level.

An increased policy focus on reforming the criminal justice system over the past 20 years has coincided with a series of widely publicized incidents in which police actions led to civilian deaths. Most of these prominent cases involved Black civilians, while Native Americans are reportedly killed by police at a higher rate per capita than any other group. Only a small fraction of police killings have led to criminal charges; when officers have been brought to trial, the cases have often ended in acquittals or sentences on reduced charges. Nevertheless, some officers have received substantial prison sentences. In 2025, the Trump administration’s deployments of National Guard troops to help combat crime in the cities of Washington, Memphis, and New Orleans raised concerns about the militarization of policing, but aside from one fatal attack on guard members in the capital, no major violence between soldiers and civilians was reported during the year.

Conditions in prisons, jails, and pretrial detention centers are often poor at the state and local levels. Death rates in jails are believed to have risen over the past decade based on media investigations, though complete official data are not publicly available. The reported increases have been driven in part by suicides and drug overdoses, with negligence or understaffing among corrections officers a contributing factor in some deaths. Conditions in immigration detention facilities also remain a concern. In 2025, as the Trump administration’s enforcement campaign led to a surge in the number of people in immigration detention, the annual total of deaths in ICE custody rose to 32—the highest since 2004.

Despite a significant decrease in the use of the death penalty since the late 1990s, there were 47 executions in 2025, nearly twice as many as in 2024 and the most since 2009. All were carried out at the state level, with Florida accounting for 40 percent of the total. Chronic problems with the administration of lethal injections led some states to use alternative execution protocols or methods, including gas asphyxiation and firing squads, which prompted allegations of torture and warnings about human rights abuses.

F4 0-4 pts

Do laws, policies, and practices guarantee equal treatment of various segments of the population?

2 4

The United States features a range of legal guarantees intended to ensure equal treatment, from constitutional provisions and civil rights statutes at the national level to antidiscrimination ordinances at the subnational level. Nonetheless, significant disparities on key indicators of equality persist, particularly with respect to gender, race, and immigration status. While rates of hate crime—criminal offenses motivated by racism or other forms of group animosity—had increased in previous years, there was a 1.5 percent decrease in 2024, according to the latest FBI data.

Although women constitute almost half of the US workforce and have increased their representation in many professions, the average compensation for female workers is roughly 81 percent of that for male workers, a gap that has grown slightly in recent years, according to Census Bureau data covering 2024. Black women, who are affected by both the gender and racial components of wage inequality, made about 65 cents for every dollar earned by White men; the figure for Hispanic women was 58 cents. Women are also most often affected by sexual harassment and assault in the workplace.

In addition to structural inequalities and discrimination in wages and employment, racial and ethnic minority groups face long-running and interrelated disparities in education and housing. De facto school segregation is a persistent problem, and the housing patterns that contribute to it are influenced by factors such as mortgage discrimination. These factors in turn influence overall gaps in wealth and social mobility. For example, the average wealth of White households in 2024 was more than four times the average wealth of Black households. In 2023, the Supreme Court struck down race-conscious admissions systems at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina, finding them unconstitutionally discriminatory. The decision cast doubt on the legality of a range of other institutions’ efforts to address long-standing racial disparities through affirmative action. Among President Trump’s central priorities in 2025 was combating the proliferation of diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in both government and the private sector. To this end, he issued executive orders intended to end affirmative action and limit the use of disparate impact liability in antidiscrimination litigation.

LGBT+ people’s efforts to secure legal equality have suffered setbacks after a period of progress. Although a 2020 Supreme Court decision held that federal civil rights legislation includes LGBT+ people as a class protected from workplace discrimination, a 2023 ruling by the court limited the reach of public accommodations laws, affirming the right of certain vendors to deny services to LGBT+ customers on free-speech grounds. Over the past three years, lawmakers in some states have adopted a variety of laws that negatively affected the rights of transgender people. Upon returning to office in January 2025, President Trump issued an executive order that rejected any recognition of gender identity as distinct from one’s “immutable” and binary biological sex, affecting a wide range of government policies and practices regarding transgender and intersex people. For example, the order required government-issued identification documents like passports to reflect a person’s rigidly defined biological sex. In another consequence of the new policy, the administration reinstated a former ban on transgender people serving openly in the military. In both instances, the Supreme Court allowed the changes to remain in effect while legal challenges continued.

Immigration and border security remained hotly contested policy issues in 2025, after a surge in irregular arrivals during the Biden presidency further strained the government’s ability to process asylum cases. In keeping with his campaign promises, President Trump issued a series of immigration-related executive orders early in the year, laying the foundation for a mass deportation program that was ongoing as of December. The program entailed declaring a national emergency at the southern border, maximizing detention and removal of undocumented immigrants rather than focusing on those with records of criminal violence, using the military and other federal personnel to support immigration enforcement, abruptly ending temporary protected status for those from certain unstable countries, and summarily expelling detainees to home countries or third countries where they could face unsafe or abusive conditions. In all, nearly 300,000 people were detained by ICE between January and October, up 19 percent from the same period in 2024, and more than 68,000 remained in immigration detention as of December. In June and December, the Trump administration issued executive orders imposing new travel and immigration bans affecting people from 39 countries. The president also sharply restricted refugee resettlement programs, but made a special exception for White South Africans. Immigration court backlogs remained high at some 3.4 million pending cases as of September, down slightly from the previous year, but President Trump dismissed about one-seventh of the country’s roughly 700 immigration court judges, who are officials of the executive branch rather than the independent judicial branch, over the course of 2025. A raft of legal challenges pertaining to individual cases as well as broader aspects of the administration’s enforcement program—particularly its alleged violations of the constitutional right to due process for both noncitizens and citizens who had been caught up in the crackdown—were still making their way through the courts at year’s end.

G Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights

G1 0-4 pts

Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement, including the ability to change their place of residence, employment, or education?

4 4

There are no significant undue restrictions on freedom of movement within the United States, and residents are generally free to travel abroad without improper obstacles.

G2 0-4 pts

Are individuals able to exercise the right to own property and establish private businesses without undue interference from state or nonstate actors?

4 4

The legal and political environments are generally supportive of entrepreneurial activity and business ownership. Property rights are widely respected in the United States, though civil liberties groups have criticized abuses related to civil asset forfeiture, in which law enforcement agencies, particularly at the local level, are able to confiscate and dispose of property that was allegedly involved in a crime. In many states, the assets can be seized without any criminal conviction.

In 2025, the Trump administration pushed for greater federal involvement in strategic sectors of the economy and took the unusual step of obtaining ownership stakes in private technology, mineral, and industrial material companies, in some cases applying regulatory or political pressure to secure the assets. By year’s end, the administration had undertaken nine such deals worth more than $10 billion.

G3 0-4 pts

Do individuals enjoy personal social freedoms, including choice of marriage partner and size of family, protection from domestic violence, and control over appearance?

3 4

Men and women generally enjoy equal rights in divorce and custody proceedings, and there are no undue restrictions on choice of marriage partner, particularly after a 2015 Supreme Court ruling that all states must allow same-sex marriage. A growing number of states have passed laws to eliminate exemptions that allowed marriages of people under age 18 in certain circumstances. Rape and domestic or intimate-partner violence remain serious problems. The applicable laws vary somewhat by state, though spousal rape is a crime nationwide. Numerous government and nongovernmental programs are designed to combat such violence and assist victims.

In 2022, the Supreme Court overturned a 1973 precedent and found that the US Constitution did not guarantee a right to abortion, thereby returning the issue to the states. Some states have responded by adding new, or strengthening existing, protections for abortion access. By 2025, however, near-total bans on abortion had taken effect in 13 states, with only narrow exceptions that would make access extremely difficult or dangerous in practice. Bans based on gestational duration had been imposed by 28 other states, with 7 banning abortion at or before 18 weeks and 21 banning it after 18 weeks. Critics of the new or revived state restrictions noted that their vague language introduced considerable uncertainty about whether doctors would face prosecution even for providing potentially lifesaving care, and the closure of clinics compelled women to travel to other jurisdictions for treatment, disproportionately burdening women with lower incomes.

The recent pattern of legislation restricting the rights of transgender people intensified in 2025, with more than 100 such bills reportedly introduced or under consideration in Congress and a similar number winning passage at the state level. Many of these measures featured implicit or explicit restrictions on people’s bodily autonomy and personal appearance, including limitations on access to medical treatments. While most such laws have placed limits on treatments for minors, some state policies and legislative initiatives have also targeted public funding for the treatment of transgender adults.

G4 0-4 pts

Do individuals enjoy equality of opportunity and freedom from economic exploitation?

3 4

The “American dream”—the notion of a fair society in which hard work will bring economic and social advancement, regardless of the circumstances of one’s birth—is a core part of the country’s identity. In recent decades, however, studies have shown a widening inequality in wealth and a narrowing of access to upward mobility.

One key aspect of inequality in the United States is the growing income and wealth gap between Americans with university degrees and those with a high school degree or less; the number of well-compensated jobs for the less-educated has fallen over time as manufacturing and other positions were lost to automation and lower-cost foreign production. These jobs have generally been replaced by less remunerative or less stable employment in the service and retail sectors, where there is a weaker tradition of unionization.

The inflation-adjusted national minimum wage has fallen substantially since the 1960s, with the last nominal increase in 2009, though many states and localities have enacted increases since then. Other obstacles to gainful employment include inadequate public transportation and the high cost of living in economically dynamic cities and regions. The latter problem, which is exacerbated by exclusionary housing policies in many jurisdictions, has also contributed to an overall rise in homelessness in recent years.

Uruguay

Not covered

Uzbekistan

29/100Not Free

Vanuatu

Not covered

Venezuela (2025, PRE-INVASION)

Political Rights	0 40
Civil Liberties	13 60

Last Year's Score & Status

13 100 Not Free

Overview

Venezuela’s democratic institutions have been deteriorating since 1999, but conditions have grown sharply worse in recent years due to harsher government crackdowns on the opposition and the ruling party’s use of flawed elections to seize full control of state institutions. The authorities have closed off virtually all channels for political dissent, restricting civil liberties and prosecuting perceived opponents without regard for due process. Although the country’s economy has returned to growth after years of recession, a severe, politically driven humanitarian crisis continues to cause hardship and stimulate mass emigration.

Key Developments in 2025

· Progovernment candidates won decisive majorities in legislative and gubernatorial elections held in May, and in mayoral elections held in July. The polls, which were boycotted by a large part of the opposition, were neither free nor fair, featuring almost no meaningful competition and low voter turnout.

· A crackdown on dissidents continued throughout the year, with real and perceived opponents of President Nicolás Maduro’s government subjected to arbitrary detentions, extrajudicial killings, and forced disappearances. Although the regime released hundreds of political prisoners, continued arrests targeting dissidents left 902 political prisoners incarcerated in Venezuela at year’s end, according to the nongovernmental organization (NGO) Foro Penal.

· In August, the United States began building up its military presence in the southern Caribbean, with US officials saying the move was meant to combat drug trafficking in the region. Independent analysts suggested that the purpose of the deployment was to exert pressure on the Maduro regime, or to prepare for military action in Venezuela.

Political Rights

A Electoral Process

A1 0-4 pts

Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections?

0 4

The president serves six-year terms and is not subject to term limits. Incumbent Nicolás Maduro was awarded a third consecutive term following the July 2024 presidential election. All major opposition candidates were barred from contesting the election. However, Venezuela’s main opposition alliance, the Democratic Unitary Platform (PUD), was permitted to register retired diplomat Edmundo González Urrutia after several prominent opposition figures had been disqualified.

After the election, the National Electoral Council (CNE) announced Maduro’s victory but refused to release the full results or the voting tallies—a paper count from each voting machine used to corroborate the CNE’s digital results. According to voting tallies released by the opposition, however, González won the presidency with 67 percent of the vote. These voting tallies were legally collected by certified poll workers and volunteer election witnesses, and deemed credible by independent analysts.

The government-aligned Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) denounced the opposition-published voting tallies as forgeries and certified Maduro’s victory in August 2024, but failed to produce evidence to support either claim. Authorities subsequently issued an arrest warrant against González; he was ultimately forced to sign a document conceding the election and fled to Spain that September.

A wide range of independent analysts and observers agree that the election was neither democratic nor credible. The election was marred by the incumbent’s abuse of government resources, excessive media coverage benefitting Maduro’s campaign, a serious lack of transparency and integrity, and significant irregularities in the vote count. The governments of more than 30 countries and the European Union (EU) ultimately recognized González as having won the election.

A2 0-4 pts

Were the current national legislative representatives elected through free and fair elections?

0 4

The unicameral National Assembly is popularly elected for five-year terms, using a mix of majoritarian and proportional-representation voting. The country’s major opposition parties boycotted the May 2025 National Assembly elections to protest the regime’s control over the CNE and the extensive electoral fraud committed during the 2024 presidential election. The CNE also disqualified a number of opposition parties and candidates, preventing some who did not participate in the boycott from contesting the vote. According to the CNE, a coalition led by the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) won more than 80 percent of the vote, taking a majority of seats in the National Assembly. Progovernment candidates also took all but one of the country’s 24 governorships in the regional elections, held simultaneously with the legislative elections, and secured a majority of seats in the July municipal elections.

Voter turnout in May was low, with government sources reporting a 42 percent turnout and opposition leader María Corina Machado claiming that turnout was below 15 percent. Like in 2024, the CNE failed to publish official results for the May and July 2025 elections, prompting experts to question the government’s claims regarding both voter turnout and election results.

The opposition-controlled National Assembly that was initially elected in 2015 again voted to extend its term in December 2024. While the body continued to operate in 2025, internal criticism and divisions have grown, and its political relevance has declined significantly, even among the opposition.

A3 0-4 pts

Are the electoral laws and framework fair, and are they implemented impartially by the relevant election management bodies?

0 4

The electoral system is heavily influenced by political manipulation and pro–PSUV institutional interference. A 2024 postelection report by poll observers from the Carter Center noted that the CNE “demonstrated a clear bias in favor of the incumbent” throughout that year’s election period.

In 2025, the government once again used its control of state institutions to gain an undue electoral advantage, securing unfair victories for progovernment candidates in the May and July elections. Though Venezuelan law requires the release of the full electoral results, the CNE failed to publish the full results of the 2024 presidential election or to produce evidence of Maduro’s purported victory. The CNE similarly failed to present the full results of the May legislative and regional elections and the July municipal elections in 2025.

B Political Pluralism and Participation

B1 0-4 pts

0 4

While opposition coalitions and parties exist, the ruling PSUV uses state resources as well as security forces and the judiciary to disrupt parties that directly challenge its dominant position. In recent years, the TSJ has suspended and replaced the leaders of opposition parties. Of the 34 political parties that were able to present candidates for the 2024 presidential election, just three belonged to the opposition. Only one of the opposition parties that backed Edmundo González’s 2024 presidential bid, A New Time (UNT), was permitted to register candidates for the May 2025 legislative election.

Opposition leaders have long been harassed, attacked, imprisoned, and otherwise impeded from participating in political processes. Between January and June 2025, more than 60 political leaders were arrested, including Enrique Márquez, a former presidential candidate who condemned the fraudulent 2024 presidential election, and Juan Pablo Guanipa, a close associate of prominent opposition leader María Corina Machado. Although Machado remained a key target of government forces, and despite an existing travel ban, she was able to secretly leave Venezuela in December and travel to Norway to claim the Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded to her earlier in the year for her support of democracy in Venezuela.

Even though the government released approximately 200 political prisoners between July and December 2025, according to the nongovernmental organization (NGO) Foro Penal (Criminal Forum), 902 political prisoners were being held in Venezuela at year’s end. The majority were detained following the 2024 presidential election, after which authorities conducted mass arrests of dissidents without legal orders in an initiative labeled “Operación Tun-Tun” (Operation Knock-Knock).

B2 0-4 pts

Is there a realistic opportunity for the opposition to increase its support or gain power through elections?

0 4

Discontent with the Maduro regime remains widespread, but the government has cut off virtually all avenues for political change at a national level, and it has used a variety of tactics to create divisions within the opposition movement. Numerous prominent opposition leaders have been subject to arbitrary bans on their participation in elections in recent years. The regime also used the lifting of bans on certain politicians to sow discord and create divisions among the opposition. In 2025, the CNE lifted an earlier ban and permitted opposition candidate Henrique Capriles to participate in the May legislative election, while arbitrarily denying other opposition candidates the ability to contest the same polls.

B3 0-4 pts

Are the people’s political choices free from domination by forces that are external to the political sphere, or by political forces that employ extrapolitical means?

0 4

The Maduro regime relies on the military, paramilitary forces, and opaque support from foreign states to retain political power. Military leaders have taken control of numerous offices, and Maduro has continued to strengthen the Bolivarian Militia, a millions-strong civilian militia group established in 2008 to support the military. In late August 2025, the United States began significantly building up its naval presence in the Caribbean, with the stated aim of combatting drug trafficking. In response, the Maduro regime began pressuring public employees to join the Bolivarian Militia to help patrol and defend the country; some people have claimed that they were ordered to join the militia by their superiors.

Separately, irregular, state-affiliated armed groups known as colectivos routinely commit acts of violence against civilians and carry out government-backed intimidation efforts. In recent years, some independent news reports have suggested that the Maduro regime may have worked with international criminal organizations like the National Liberation Army (ELN) and Tren de Aragua to attack and detain political dissidents.

The regime continued to intensify the repression and persecution of its political opponents in 2025. Real and perceived opponents of the Maduro government have been increasingly subjected to arbitrary detentions, extrajudicial killings, and forced disappearances. At least 15 forced disappearances of dissidents or those accused of opposing the regime have been reported since the 2024 presidential election, including the disappearance of Rafael Tudares Bracho, Edmundo González’s son-in-law, after his arrest in January 2025. Family members of opposition leaders and activists have been targeted for harassment and persecution. Dissidents outside of Venezuela also remain at risk.

According to a 2025 report by the NGO Families of Military Political Prisoners in Venezuela (FPPM), Venezuelan military personnel have been systematically targeted by the Maduro regime. Data released by Foro Penal in August 2025 indicated that around 20 percent of political prisoners in Venezuela had links with the military.

B4 0-4 pts

Do various segments of the population (including ethnic, racial, religious, gender, LGBT+, and other relevant groups) have full political rights and electoral opportunities?

0 4

The regime’s increasing suppression of dissent in recent years has significantly reduced the ability of minority and marginalized groups—even those nominally represented in the government—to meaningfully advocate for their interests outside of the PSUV’s electoral and political goals.

Though some women hold senior positions in government, there is a lack of policy discussion regarding issues that primarily affect women. Almost no openly LGBT+ people hold senior political or government positions in Venezuela. Indigenous people in Venezuela are poorly represented in politics, and members of these groups struggle to bring government attention to their concerns.

C Functioning of Government

C1 0-4 pts

Do the freely elected head of government and national legislative representatives determine the policies of the government?

0 4

Venezuela does not function as a representative democracy and the Maduro regime has become increasingly dependent on economic, medical, military, and other assistance from foreign allies, particularly the governments of Cuba, Turkey, Iran, and Russia.

Leftist guerrilla groups from Colombia have increased their influence in Venezuelan cities near the border. According to UN investigators, the ELN guerrilla group operates in the state of Bolívar and has an agreement with the government to control illegal mining activity.

A range of independent analysts, NGOs, and US government officials have linked the Maduro regime to domestic and international organized crime groups. High-ranking government and military officials, along with state institutions, have been accused of enabling or operating on behalf of these organized crime groups.

In August 2025, the US government began building up the country’s military presence in the southern Caribbean with the stated intent of combatting drug trafficking in the region; analysts viewed the deployment as an attempt by the US government to exert pressure on the Maduro regime, and perhaps a precursor to US military action against Venezuela. US troops launched numerous attacks in the Caribbean Sea on boats that left from Venezuela, which US officials claimed were smuggling drugs.

C2 0-4 pts

Are safeguards against official corruption strong and effective?

0 4

Corruption is rampant in Venezuela. The government’s economic policies—particularly its currency and price controls—offer significant opportunities for illicit market activity and collusion between public officials and organized crime networks. Authorities in jurisdictions including the United States, Canada, Panama, and the European Union have imposed sanctions on Venezuelan officials for corruption and other offenses that went uninvestigated in Venezuela.

Independent journalists have faced persecution after reporting about corruption.

C3 0-4 pts

Does the government operate with openness and transparency?

0 4

There is virtually no transparency regarding government spending. The Maduro regime has consistently failed to publish reliable crime and economic data. In June 2025, the regime launched a crackdown on economists attempting to collect independent data on the country’s economic situation. At least eight people were detained, including Rodrigo Cabezas, who served as finance minister in former President Hugo Chavez’s administration.

Civil Liberties

D Freedom of Expression and Belief

D1 0-4 pts

Are there free and independent media?

1 4

The media operate within a highly restrictive regulatory and legal environment. The Maduro regime maintains a state-controlled media infrastructure that promotes its political and ideological program. In mid-2024, the National College of Journalists (CNP) reported that at least 405 media outlets had closed in the preceding 20 years. In 2025, the regime ordered the closure of at least seven radio stations and one television station across Venezuela.

Independent journalists are at risk of government pressure, arbitrary arrest, and physical violence. The CNP reported in December 2025 that it had documented 111 incidents of press freedom suppression between January and November, including harassment, obstruction, and 19 arbitrary detentions. In February, intelligence officers arrested Rory Branker, a journalist and the editor of Venezuelan news website La Patilla, in front of his home.
He was forcibly disappeared following his detention and held incommunicado until September, when his family was permitted to speak with him; he was again disappeared within the prison system in December. The CNP counted 21 imprisoned journalists in Venezuela at year’s end.

Foreign media has also been targeted by the regime. In March 2025, the government blocked access to the website of international media agency EFE days after Interior Minister Diosdado Cabello criticized the outlet for publishing an interview with an opposition activist.

During 2025, numerous social media platforms, including Telegram and TikTok, were blocked at different times.

D2 0-4 pts

Are individuals free to practice and express their religious faith or nonbelief in public and private?

3 4

Constitutional guarantees of religious freedom are generally respected, though relations between the government and the Roman Catholic Church remain tense. According to the 2023 edition of the US State Department’s Report on International Religious Freedom, there is a pattern of antisemitic content in regime-affiliated media outlets and social media posts.

In recent years, Maduro has strengthened ties with evangelical groups and devoted significant resources to gaining the electoral support of evangelical voters. In January 2025, the government announced that it had established a Vice Ministry of Religious Institutions and Worship, which officials say will work with religious institutions and allow Christian churches to visit jails and prisons.

D3 0-4 pts

Is there academic freedom, and is the educational system free from extensive political indoctrination?

1 4

Academic freedom has come under mounting pressure in recent years, as budget cuts and other funding problems have led to a decline in research capabilities within Venezuela, undermined universities’ autonomy, and prompted repeated protests by university professors and an exodus of academics from the country.

The regime continues to exert political influence over universities’ leadership and internal affairs. In recent years, the TSJ has suspended the elections for leadership positions within at least two universities. In June 2025, the Ministry of Higher Education announced that universities would no longer be permitted to administer their own internal admissions tests for prospective students, instead granting control of all student admission processes to the government’s Office of University Sector Planning. It is unclear whether the system had been implemented by the end of 2025.

D4 0-4 pts

Are individuals free to express their personal views on political or other sensitive topics without fear of surveillance or retribution?

0 4

Freedom for personal expression is severely constrained in Venezuela, due in part to the deterrent effect of extensive government surveillance.

During 2024, the Maduro regime cracked down on perceived dissent both before and after the presidential election. International human rights organizations warned that the government had increased “its digital surveillance and censorship measures” in the postelection period, and numerous people were detained for expressing critical opinions about the election on social media. The repression of individuals’ freedom of expression continued in 2025, as the government sought to systematically suppress criticism of the regime.

In August 2024, the government implemented changes to the regime-backed VenApp, created in 2022 to report public services problems, to allow the public to report political protests and dissidents to the authorities. In October 2025, Maduro requested that the reporting feature be updated and expanded to allow users to report “everything they see, everything they hear.”

E Associational and Organizational Rights

E1 0-4 pts

Is there freedom of assembly?

0 4

While guaranteed by the constitution, freedom of assembly is severely restricted in practice, and violent clashes between protesters and security forces are known to occur.

Mass protests broke out across Venezuela following the 2024 presidential election, with thousands of people taking to the streets to dispute incumbent President Maduro’s unsubstantiated claim to victory. Security forces and progovernment armed groups responded to the mostly peaceful protests with disproportionate force, carrying out arbitrary arrests and using tear gas and live ammunition to disperse crowds. Thousands of people were arrested, and over 20 people were killed during the protests. A September 2025 report by a UN independent fact-finding mission investigating human rights violations in Venezuela found that 25 people were killed during protests July 29–30, 2024, and presented evidence that implicated state security officials in at least 12 of the deaths.

Significantly fewer protests were held in the first half of 2025 than in the same period the previous year, according to the Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict. In January, María Corina Machado emerged from hiding to participate in a mass opposition protest; she was arrested while leaving the event, but was ultimately released.

E2 0-4 pts

Is there freedom for nongovernmental organizations, particularly those that are engaged in human rights– and governance-related work?

1 4

Harassment, threats, and legal and administrative sanctions against human rights activists and NGOs continued in 2025. The Center for Defenders and Justice (CDJ), a nongovernmental organization focused on human rights in Venezuela, documented 321 attacks on human rights defenders and organizations during the first half of 2025, categorized as stigmatization (190), intimidation and harassment (95), threats (27), arbitrary detention (6), judicialization (1), and other offenses (2).

Numerous human rights activists faced arbitrary and politically motivated arrests during the year, particularly during the lead-up to Maduro’s inauguration in January. The families of human rights defenders are also at risk of harassment and violence by the Maduro regime. In September, Pedro Hernández, a human rights activist, was forcibly disappeared; days later, his father and wife were also reportedly disappeared. In a May 2025 statement, Amnesty International said that the Venezuelan government had undertaken a “systematic policy of repression against civil society.”

The National Assembly approved a law in 2024 allowing the government to dissolve NGOs if they promote hate speech or fascism or become involved in political activity.

E3 0-4 pts

Is there freedom for trade unions and similar professional or labor organizations?

1 4

Workers are legally entitled to form unions, bargain collectively, and strike, with some restrictions on public-sector workers’ ability to strike. In practice, however, these rights are not guaranteed.

Between 2013 and 2023, 120 union leaders were arrested, according to Venezuelan human rights NGO Provea (Venezuelan Program of Education–Action in Human Rights), and a 2022 report from the Observatory for the Defense of Life (Odevida) recorded the assassinations of at least 44 union leaders between 2015 and 2020.

F Rule of Law

F1 0-4 pts

Is there an independent judiciary?

0 4

The politicization of the judicial branch, which increased dramatically under former President Hugo Chávez, has progressed further under Maduro. The TSJ, made up of 20 judges selected by the PSUV–controlled National Assembly, has issued numerous decisions that favored the Maduro regime. UN experts have repeatedly criticized the judiciary’s lack of independence.

In September 2025, at least 14 members of the judiciary were arrested for alleged corruption. Independent observers have described the arrests as likely representing a purge of the judicial system by the Maduro regime.

F2 0-4 pts

Does due process prevail in civil and criminal matters?

0 4

Perceived opponents of the government and the PSUV are routinely detained and prosecuted without regard for due process, including civilians and service members who are brought before military courts. Victims of violence at the hands of the state have no realistic avenue for redress.

In 2024, a UN fact-finding mission to Venezuela reported that the authorities had gravely violated the due process rights of people who were arbitrarily detained following the July presidential election. The mission later reported that detainees’ due process rights were being “systematically” violated at an “unprecedented level.” Due process violations documented in 2024 and 2025 included charging individuals with serious crimes without evidence, withholding information about detainees’ whereabouts from their families and lawyers, and preventing detainees from choosing their own legal representation.

F3 0-4 pts

Is there protection from the illegitimate use of physical force and freedom from war and insurgencies?

0 4

Venezuelans face physical insecurity and violence from several sources, including irregular armed groups, security forces, and organized gangs. In 2024, Venezuelan human rights NGOs Provea and Foro Penal reported that at least 10,085 executions, 1,652 cases of torture, and 15,000 arrests had been carried out by police and military forces between 2013 and 2023. In an April 2025 publication, Provea reported that 522 people were killed by police, military, and government forces between January and December 2024.

Colombian guerrilla groups and criminal organizations continued to operate on the Venezuelan side of the border in 2025. According to a 2024 press release by NGO Fundaredes (Foundations), more than 1,000 Venezuelans have disappeared along the border since 2019.

Prisons in Venezuela are among the worst in the region. Detention facilities suffer from severe overcrowding, as well as poor sanitation and security conditions. Pranes, or gang leaders who operate from prisons, freely coordinate criminal networks throughout Venezuela. Detainees are vulnerable to sexual violence, and torture and inhumane treatment are endemic. Inmates are often denied medical treatment, sometimes leading to their deaths. The Venezuelan Prison Observatory (OVP) reported 149 deaths in detention facilities during 2024.

Between September and December 2025, US military forces launched airstrikes against boats in Caribbean waters that the US government alleged to be carrying drugs, including many that originated in Venezuela. Rights organizations including Human Rights Watch (HRW) and numerous legal experts said the attacks were extrajudicial killings.

F4 0-4 pts

Do laws, policies, and practices guarantee equal treatment of various segments of the population?

1 4

Constitutional protections against discrimination based on sex, race, and other characteristics are not well enforced in practice. Women continue to face significant disparities in education, compensation, and employment.

The rights of Indigenous people, who make up 2.5 percent of the population, are guaranteed by the constitution but poorly protected. Indigenous groups often experience discrimination, labor exploitation, extortion by military and paramilitary groups, sex trafficking, and land grabs related to illegal mining which has resulted in the destruction of forests and other natural resources on which Indigenous residents depend. Indigenous Venezuelans also experience disproportionately high poverty rates and often face obstacles in accessing government services.

Although discrimination based on sexual orientation is prohibited, LGBT+ Venezuelans face widespread intolerance and violence. Following the crackdown on protests in 2024, many LGBT+ groups and individuals have felt unable to advocate for their rights due to fears of retaliation by the regime.

G Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights

G1 0-4 pts

Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement, including the ability to change their place of residence, employment, or education?

2 4

Following the 2024 presidential election, the government began canceling the passports of Venezuelan journalists, human rights activists, political leaders, and others without notice or reason, affecting their ability to travel into or out of Venezuela. In October 2025, the government initiated proceedings to strip the citizenship of opposition leader Leopoldo López after he spoke in favor of US military intervention in Venezuela.

Air travel to and from Venezuela was impacted by US military actions in the Caribbean between August and December 2025. The government revoked the operating permits of eight major international airlines after they canceled their flights to and from Venezuela for safety reasons. At year’s end, only four Venezuelan airlines and one Bolivian airline were offering international flights into and out of Venezuela.

Internal movement is limited by threats to physical security in some parts of the country.

G2 0-4 pts

Are individuals able to exercise the right to own property and establish private businesses without undue interference from state or nonstate actors?

1 4

Property rights have been damaged by years of price controls, nationalization, overregulation, and corruption. Illegal land seizures and extortion by armed groups also continue to undermine property rights and private business activity.

G3 0-4 pts

Do individuals enjoy personal social freedoms, including choice of marriage partner and size of family, protection from domestic violence, and control over appearance?

2 4

Personal social freedoms pertaining to marriage, divorce, and child custody are generally upheld, but members of the LGBT+ community lack equal access to fundamental rights like legal marriage, child adoption, and recognition of one’s gender identity.

A 2023 UN report found 259 maternal deaths per 100,000 births in 2020 in Venezuela, versus 92 in 2000—an increase of 183 percent in the maternal mortality rate. Abortion is illegal unless the patient’s life is at risk, resulting in many women and girls resorting to unsafe and unsanitary clandestine abortions or seeking abortions abroad.

A 2007 law was designed to combat violence against women, but domestic violence and rape remain common. Utopix, a Venezuelan women’s rights NGO, recorded 185 femicides in 2024, but noted that the true number may be higher.

G4 0-4 pts

Do individuals enjoy equality of opportunity and freedom from economic exploitation?

0 4

The country’s prolonged economic crisis has left the population extremely vulnerable to human trafficking and labor exploitation. Women and children are also subjected to sex trafficking within Venezuela and abroad.

During 2025, workers in Venezuela’s oil sector were targeted by the state-owned oil company and the security services. In June, 30 workers in an oil refinery in Falcón were reported missing by their families; their arrests were confirmed a month later. In July, 35 oil workers in Anzoátegui and 18 in Carabobo were also arrested or forcibly disappeared. Oil union leaders claimed that the arrests were part of a wave of repression against oil workers by the state-owned gas company PDVSA and state security forces.

26/100Not Free

Vietnam

20/100Not Free

West Bank*

Not covered

Western Sahara*

4/100Not Free

Not covered

Yemen

Not covered

Zambia

62/100Partly Free

Zimbabwe

· List of criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates § United States

50/100Partly Free

Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology.

@NOTE: CLICK ON INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES (LIKE VENEZUELA) FOR DETAILS

ATTACHMENT FOUR – FROM AI OVERVIEW

By Nations: LEGAL EQUALITY CATEGORIZED (ranked by various: AI OVERVIEW)

Att. 4A: GENDER: FROM AI OVERVIEW

Iceland, Finland, and Norway are the top-ranked nations for overall gender equality, while Australia, Canada, and New Zealand lead in legal workplace equality. For income equality, measured by the most recent World Bank data, Belgium, Denmark, and Slovenia consistently rank the highest. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Equality is a broad term that varies depending on the metric evaluated. Different authoritative indices reveal varied global rankings: [1, 2]

1. Gender Equality

The World Economic Forum benchmarks parity across health, education, the economy, and politics. [1, 2, 3, 4]

1. Iceland
2. Finland
3. Norway
4. United Kingdom
5. New Zealand

2. Legal Workplace Equality for Women

The Council on Foreign Relations ranks countries based on legal barriers to economic participation and protection from violence. [1]

1. Australia
2. Canada
3. New Zealand
4. Spain
5. Mexico

3. Income Equality (Gender Wealth Gap)

The World Bank uses the Gini Index to measure the distribution of income, where 0 represents perfect equality. [1]

1. Belgium
2. Denmark
3. Slovenia
4. Slovakia
5. Czech Republic [1]

5 sites

Top and Bottom Countries in Women's Workplace Equality

Explore the global index that ranks countries on women's workforce equality. Although inequality for women in the workforce persis...

Council on Foreign Relations

List of countries by income inequality - Wikipedia

This is a list of countries and territories by income inequality metrics, as calculated by the World Bank, UNU-WIDER, OCDE, and Wo...

Wikipedia

Key Findings - Global Gender Gap Report 2025 | World Economic Forum

Jun 11, 2025 — The 2025 Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks gender parity across 148 economies. The index found that: * **Health and Survival** 96...

The World Economic Forum

ATTACHMENT FIVE – FROM AI OVERVIEW

By Nations: ECONOMIC EQUALITY CATEGORIZED (ranked by Gini)

Countries are ranked by economic equality using the Gini index, where 0 represents perfect equality (everyone shares the same income or wealth) and 100 indicates perfect inequality. The most highly ranked, egalitarian nations include Slovakia, Slovenia, and Belarus, while South Africa, Namibia, and Brazil exhibit the highest inequality. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Top 5 Most Economically Equal Countries

These nations feature the lowest income gaps globally, primarily due to robust tax structures and social welfare programs: [1]

1. Slovakia – Gini Index: ~23.8

2. Slovenia – Gini Index: ~24.0

3. Belarus – Gini Index: ~24.0

4. Czech Republic – Gini Index: ~25.0

5. Iceland – Gini Index: ~26.0 [1, 2, 3]

(Note: Nordic countries like Finland and Sweden also regularly rank among the top when evaluated by inequality-adjusted development indices)

Top 5 Most Economically Unequal Countries

These nations are characterized by a disproportionate concentration of income and wealth among the top 10% of the population: [1, 2]

1. South Africa – Gini Index: ~63.0

2. Namibia – Gini Index: ~59.1

3. Botswana – Gini Index: ~54.9

4. Eswatini – Gini Index: ~54.6

5. Colombia – Gini Index: ~53.9 [1]

Artificial Intelligence and Economic Inequality

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is anticipated to shift these global rankings further. Projections suggest that up to 75% of the wealth generated by AI's economic integration through 2030 will be concentrated in just 10 countries, most notably the United States, China, and Germany. This concentration threatens to widen the economic divide between developed nations with hyperscale infrastructure and the rest of the world. [1, 2]

ATTACHMENT SIX – FROM THE WORLD BANK

By Nations: ECONOMIC EQUALITY CATEGORIZED (ranked by Gini)

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus, a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.

South Africa

63.0 2014

Namibia

59.1 2015

Botswana

54.9 2015

Eswatini

54.6 2016

Colombia

53.9 2023

Brazil

51.6 2023

Zambia

51.5 2022

Angola

51.3 2018

Saint Lucia

51.2 2016

Zimbabwe

50.3 2020

Panama

49.7 2024

Mozambique

49.6 2022

Republic of the Congo

48.9 2011

Nicaragua

46.2 2014

Singapore

45.8 2016

Costa Rica

45.8 2024

Honduras

45.7 2024

Comoros

45.3 2014

Guatemala

45.2 2023

Ecuador

45.2 2024

Guyana

45.1 1998

Lesotho

44.9 2017

DR Congo

44.7 2020

Venezuela

44.7 2006

Turkey

44.5 2022

Paraguay

44.2 2024

South Sudan

44.0 2016

Grenada

43.8 2018

Mexico

43.5 2022

Ghana

43.5 2016

Chile

43.0 2022

Central African Republic

43.0 2021

Uganda

42.7 2019

Madagascar

42.5 2012

Argentina

42.4 2024

Cape Verde

42.4 2015

Cameroon

42.2 2021

Bolivia

42.1 2023

Papua New Guinea

41.9 2009

United States

41.8 2023

Djibouti

41.6 2017

Haiti

41.1 2012

Turkmenistan

40.8 1998

Malaysia

40.7 2021

Sao Tome and Principe

40.7 2017

Tanzania

40.5 2018

Trinidad and Tobago

40.2 1992

Peru

40.1 2024

Micronesia

40.1 2013

Uruguay

40.0 2024

Jamaica

39.9 2021

Belize

39.9 2018

El Salvador

39.8 2023

Morocco

39.5 2013

Rwanda

39.4 2023

Philippines

39.3 2023

Suriname

39.2 2022

Tuvalu

39.1 2010

Dominican Republic

39.0 2024

Laos

38.8 2018

Gambia

38.8 2020

Samoa

38.7 2013

Malawi

38.5 2019

Equatorial Guinea

38.5 2023

Bulgaria

38.2 2022

Gabon

38.0 2017

Togo

37.9 2021

Israel

37.9 2021

Kenya

37.7 2022

Sri Lanka

37.7 2019

Burundi

37.5 2020

Burkina Faso

37.4 2021

Chad

37.4 2022

Solomon Islands

37.1 2012

Mauritius

36.8 2017

Yemen

36.7 2014

Palestine

36.4 2023

Senegal

36.2 2021

Vietnam

36.1 2022

Lithuania

36.0 2023

Iran

35.9 2023

Mali

35.7 2021

Sierra Leone

35.7 2018

Marshall Islands

35.5 2019

Ivory Coast

35.3 2021

Lebanon

35.3 2022

Liberia

35.3 2016

Qatar

35.1 2017

Indonesia

34.9 2024

Uzbekistan

34.6 2024

Malta

34.6 2022

Benin

34.4 2021

Italy

34.3 2023

Australia

34.3 2018

Montenegro

34.3 2021

Sudan

34.2 2014

Barbados

34.1 2016

Latvia

34.0 2023

Nigeria

33.9 2022

Taiwan

33.9 2023

Portugal

33.9 2023

Georgia

33.9 2024

Switzerland

33.8 2022

Tunisia

33.7 2021

Jordan

33.7 2010

Luxembourg

33.6 2023

Thailand

33.5 2023

North Macedonia

33.5 2019

Bangladesh

33.4 2022

Spain

33.4 2023

Greece

33.4 2023

Guinea-Bissau

33.4 2021

Russia

33.0 2023

Bosnia and Herzegovina

33.0 2011

South Korea

32.9 2021

Niger

32.9 2021

Serbia

32.8 2022

Germany

32.4 2020

United Kingdom

32.4 2021

Nauru

32.4 2012

Japan

32.3 2020

Vanuatu

32.3 2019

Seychelles

32.1 2018

Mauritania

32.0 2019

France

31.8 2023

Cyprus

31.8 2023

Mongolia

31.4 2022

Austria

31.2 2023

Ethiopia

31.1 2021

Myanmar

30.7 2017

Estonia

30.7 2023

Fiji

30.7 2019

Hungary

30.2 2022

Croatia

30.1 2023

Nepal

30.0 2022

Canada

29.9 2020

Denmark

29.9 2023

Iraq

29.8 2023

Romania

29.8 2023

Pakistan

29.6 2018

Guinea

29.6 2018

Albania

29.4 2020

Sweden

29.3 2023

Maldives

29.3 2019

Kazakhstan

29.2 2021

Ireland

29.0 2023

Timor-Leste

28.7 2014

Egypt

28.5 2021

Poland

28.5 2023

Bhutan

28.5 2022

Kiribati

27.8 2019

Algeria

27.6 2011

Finland

27.4 2023

Kyrgyzstan

27.2 2023

Armenia

27.2 2023

Tonga

27.1 2021

Belgium

26.8 2023

Moldova

26.8 2023

Syria

26.6 2022

Azerbaijan

26.6 2005

Iceland

26.6 2018

Norway

26.5 2023

United Arab Emirates

26.4 2018

Tajikistan

26.1 2024

China

26.0 2022

Netherlands

25.7 2021

Czechia

25.7 2023

Ukraine

25.6 2020

India

25.5 2022

Slovenia

24.7 2023

Belarus

24.4 2020

Slovakia

23.8 2023

ATTACHMENT SEVEN – FROM AI OVERVIEW

By Nations: ECONOMIC EQUALITY CATEGORIZED (ranked by Gini)

EU countries

Member state	Gini coefficient^[6]
Member state	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Austria	27.4	27.6	27.0	27.6	27.2	27.2	27.9	26.8	27.5	27.0	26.7	27.8	28.1
Belgium	26.3	26.5	25.9	25.9	26.2	26.3	26.1	25.7	25.1	25.4	24.1	24.9	24.2
Bulgaria	35.0	33.6	35.4	35.4	37.0	37.7	40.2	39.6	40.8	40.0	39.7	38.4	37.2
Croatia	31.2	30.9	30.9	30.2	30.4	29.8	29.9	29.7	29.2	28.3	29.2	28.5	29.7
Cyprus	29.2	31.0	32.4	34.8	33.6	32.1	30.8	29.1	31.1	29.3	29.4	29.4	29.6
Czech Republic	25.2	24.9	24.6	25.1	25.0	25.1	24.5	24.0	24.0	24.2	24.9	24.8	24.4
Denmark	26.6	26.5	26.8	27.7	27.4	27.7	27.6	27.8	27.5	27.3	27.0	27.7	28.2
Estonia	31.9	32.5	32.9	35.6	34.8	32.7	31.6	30.6	30.5	30.5	30.6	31.9	31.8
Finland	25.8	25.9	25.4	25.6	25.2	25.4	25.3	25.9	26.2	26.5	25.7	26.6	26.6
France	30.8	30.5	30.1	29.2	29.2	29.3	28.8	28.5	29.2	29.2	29.3	29.8	29.7
Germany	29.0	28.3	29.7	30.7	30.1	29.5	29.1	31.1	29.7	30.5	31.2	29.0	29.4
Greece	33.5	34.3	34.4	34.5	34.2	34.3	33.4	32.3	31.0	31.4	32.4	31.4	31.8
Hungary	26.9	27.2	28.3	28.6	28.2	28.2	28.1	28.7	28.0	28.0	27.6	27.4	29.0
Ireland	29.8	30.4	30.7	31.1	29.7	29.6	30.6	28.9	28.3	28.3	26.6	26.9	27.4
Italy	32.5	32.4	32.8	32.4	32.4	33.1	32.7	33.4	32.8	32.5	32.9	32.7	31.5
Latvia	35.1	35.7	35.2	35.5	35.4	34.5	34.5	35.6	35.2	34.5	35.7	34.3	34.0
Lithuania	33.0	32.0	34.6	35.0	37.9	37.0	37.6	36.9	35.4	35.1	35.4	36.2	35.7
Luxembourg	27.2	28.0	30.4	28.7	28.5	29.6	29.2	31.3	32.3	31.2	29.6	29.1	30.6
Malta	27.2	27.1	28.0	27.7	28.1	28.6	28.2	28.7	28.0	30.3	31.2	31.1	33.0
Netherlands	25.8	25.4	25.1	26.2	26.7	26.9	27.1	27.4	26.8	28.2	26.4	26.3	26.4
Poland	31.1	30.9	30.7	30.8	30.6	29.8	29.2	27.8	28.5	27.2	26.8	26.3	27.0
Portugal	34.2	34.5	34.2	34.5	34.0	33.9	33.5	32.1	31.9	31.2	33.0	32.0	33.7
Romania	33.5	34.0	34.6	35.0	37.4	34.7	33.1	35.1	34.8	33.8	34.3	32.0	31.0
Slovakia	25.7	25.3	24.2	26.1	23.7	24.3	23.2	20.9	22.8	20.9	21.8	21.2	21.6
Slovenia	23.8	23.7	24.4	25.0	24.5	24.4	23.7	23.4	23.9	23.5	23.0	23.1	23.4
Spain	34.0	34.2	33.7	34.7	34.6	34.5	34.1	33.2	33.0	32.1	33.0	32.0	31.5
Sweden	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.9	26.7	27.6	28.0	27.0	27.6	26.9	26.8	27.6	29.5
European Union	30.5	30.4	30.6	30.9	30.8	30.6	30.3	30.4	30.2	30.0	30.2	29.6	29.6
Eurozone	30.6	30.5	30.7	31.0	30.7	30.7	30.4	30.6	30.2	30.3	30.5	—	—
Serbia a.	—	—	*38.0*	*38.3*	*40.0*	*39.8*	*37.8*	*35.6*	*33.3*	*33.3*	*33.3*	*33.2*	—
Montenegro b.	—	—	*38.5*	*36.5*	*36.5*	*36.5*	*36.7*	*34.7*	*34.1*	*32.9*	*32.5*	*31.5*	—
*Notes:* *Pink-colored cells indicate a break in the time series.* *Green-colored cells indicate estimated values.* a. *Serbia is a negotiating candidate for the EU.* b. *Montenegro is a negotiating candidate for the EU.*

OECD countries

Country	Gini coefficient^[7]
Country	Before taxes and transfers	After taxes and transfers	Year
Australia	0.441	0.318	*2020*
Austria	0.486	0.274	*2019*
Belgium	0.489	0.262	*2019*
Canada	0.438	0.280	*2020*
Chile	0.495	0.460	*2017*
Costa Rica	0.551	0.487	*2021*
Czech Republic	0.432	0.248	*2019*
Denmark	0.445	0.268	*2019*
Estonia	0.465	0.305	*2019*
Finland	0.516	0.265	*2020*
France	0.519	0.292	*2019*
Germany	0.505	0.309	*2022*
Greece	0.525	0.308	*2019*
Hungary	0.463	0.286	*2019*
Iceland	0.369	0.250	*2017*
Ireland	0.520	0.292	*2018*
Israel	0.449	0.342	*2019*
Italy	0.511	0.330	*2018*
Japan	0.570	0.381	*2021*
Latvia	0.483	0.355	*2020*
Lithuania	0.495	0.357	*2019*
Luxembourg	0.490	0.305	*2019*
Mexico	0.435	0.420	*2020*
Netherlands	0.453	0.304	*2020*
New Zealand	0.454	0.320	*2020*
Norway	0.436	0.263	*2020*
Poland	0.452	0.281	*2018*
Portugal	0.511	0.310	*2019*
Slovakia	0.383	0.222	*2019*
Slovenia	0.444	0.246	*2019*
South Korea	0.405	0.331	*2020*
Spain	0.491	0.320	*2019*
Sweden	0.433	0.276	*2020*
Switzerland	0.402	0.316	*2019*
Turkey	0.502	0.415	*2019*
United Kingdom	0.507	0.355	*2020*
United States	0.517	0.375	*2021*

Different income ratios

List of countries by income inequality based on Pre-tax national income share held by the top 10% of the population, Income Decile 1 and Interdecile P90/P10

Country/Territory
Country/Territory	UN Region	World Bank Income group (2024)	Pre-tax national income Top 10% share^[a]		Income Decile 1^[b]				Interdecile P90/P10^[c]
World Inequality Database^[8]	UN Region	World Bank Income group (2024)	Year	UNU- WIDER^[2]	Year	Poverty and Inequality Platform^[9]	Year	OECD^[10][11][12]	Year
Afghanistan	Southern Asia	Low income	41.94%	*2022*
Angola	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	58.01%	*2022*	1.33	*2019*	1.335	*2018*
Albania	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	32.14%	*2022*	3.41	*2020*	3.418	*2020*
Andorra	Southern Europe	High income	34.84%	*2022*	4.30	*2016*
United Arab Emirates	Western Asia	High income	47.78%	*2022*	3.98	*2019*	2.835	*2018*
Argentina	South America	Upper middle income	43.91%	*2022*	1.83	*2021*	2.008	*2022*
Armenia	Western Asia	Upper middle income	46.77%	*2022*	3.97	*2021*	3.904	*2022*
Australia	Australia and New Zealand	High income	32.91%	*2022*	2.68	*2018*	2.765	*2018*	4.3	*2020*
Austria	Western Europe	High income	34.19%	*2022*	1.89	*2022*	2.765	*2021*	3.5	*2021*
Azerbaijan	Western Asia	Upper middle income	42.87%	*2022*	6.14	*2018*	4.848	*2005*
Burundi	Eastern Africa	Low income	48.39%	*2022*	2.76	*2014*	2.876	*2020*
Belgium	Western Europe	High income	29.54%	*2022*	2.26	*2022*	3.645	*2021*	3.1	*2021*
Benin	Western Africa	Lower middle income	46.94%	*2022*	2.88	*2019*	3.108	*2021*
Burkina Faso	Western Africa	Low income	54.84%	*2022*	2.62	*2019*	3.029	*2021*
Bangladesh	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	36.52%	*2022*	3.63	*2022*	3.467	*2022*
Bulgaria	Eastern Europe	High income	44.18%	*2022*	1.58	*2022*	2.007	*2021*	5.8	*2021*
Bahrain	Western Asia	High income	55.72%	*2022*
Bahamas	Caribbean	High income	52.41%	*2022*	2.20	*2013*
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	34.25%	*2022*	2.94	*2011*	2.936	*2011*
Belarus	Eastern Europe	Upper middle income	29.92%	*2022*	4.45	*2020*	4.454	*2020*
Belize	Central America	Upper middle income	52.41%	*2022*	0.93	*1999*	0.950	*1999*
Bolivia	South America	Lower middle income	52.41%	*2022*	1.77	*2021*	1.775	*2021*
Brazil	South America	Upper middle income	56.78%	*2022*	1.02	*2021*	1.196	*2022*	8.4	*2022*
Barbados	Caribbean	High income	48.52%	*2022*	1.40	*2010*
Brunei	South-eastern Asia	High income	36.40%	*2022*	0.80	*1981*
Bhutan	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	49.19%	*2022*	3.63	*2022*	3.633	*2022*
Botswana	Southern Africa	Upper middle income	59.26%	*2022*	1.53	*2016*	1.532	*2015*
Central African Republic	Middle Africa	Low income	64.91%	*2022*	2.13	*2021*	2.143	*2021*
Canada	Northern America	High income	35.18%	*2022*	3.30	*2020*	2.973	*2019*	3.7	*2021*
Switzerland	Western Europe	High income	31.64%	*2022*	2.50	*2021*	2.950	*2020*	3.8	*2020*
Chile	South America	High income	58.95%	*2022*	2.06	*2020*	2.268	*2022*	7.3	*2022*
China	Eastern Asia	Upper middle income	43.35%	*2022*	2.92	*2020*	3.039	*2021*	23.0	*2011*
Ivory Coast	Western Africa	Lower middle income	54.66%	*2022*	2.90	*2019*	3.150	*2021*
Cameroon	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	52.05%	*2022*	1.72	*2014*	2.127	*2021*
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Middle Africa	Low income	48.84%	*2022*	2.09	*2013*	2.128	*2020*
Republic of the Congo	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	55.93%	*2022*	1.56	*2012*	1.562	*2011*
Colombia	South America	Upper middle income	60.62%	*2022*	1.17	*2021*	1.033	*2022*
Comoros	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	50.26%	*2022*	1.61	*2014*	1.617	*2014*
Cape Verde	Western Africa	Lower middle income	49.08%	*2022*	2.22	*2015*	2.219	*2015*
Costa Rica	Central America	Upper middle income	57.50%	*2022*	1.66	*2022*	1.639	*2023*	9.7	*2023*
Cuba	Caribbean	Upper middle income	45.29%	*2022*	3.40	*1978*
Cyprus	Western Asia	High income	33.45%	*2022*	2.46	*2022*	3.547	*2021*
Czech Republic	Eastern Europe	High income	29.66%	*2022*	2.58	*2022*	3.893	*2021*	3.1	*2021*
Germany	Western Europe	High income	34.04%	*2022*	1.82	*2022*	2.940	*2020*	3.9	*2020*
Djibouti	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	49.55%	*2022*	1.94	*2017*	1.944	*2017*
Denmark	Northern Europe	High income	40.57%	*2022*	1.99	*2022*	3.695	*2021*	3.0	*2019*
Dominican Republic	Caribbean	Upper middle income	47.77%	*2022*	2.56	*2021*	2.610	*2022*
Algeria	Northern Africa	Upper middle income	38.08%	*2022*	4.05	*2012*	4.046	*2011*
Ecuador	South America	Upper middle income	44.83%	*2022*	1.66	*2022*	1.640	*2023*
Egypt	Northern Africa	Lower middle income	47.60%	*2022*	3.84	*2020*	3.841	*2019*
Spain	Southern Europe	High income	33.13%	*2022*	1.73	*2022*	2.211	*2021*	4.6	*2021*
Estonia	Northern Europe	High income	38.16%	*2022*	1.67	*2022*	3.093	*2021*	5.0	*2021*
Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	NA	45.47%	*2022*	2.89	*2016*	2.889	*2015*
Finland	Northern Europe	High income	31.64%	*2022*	2.18	*2022*	3.840	*2021*	3.2	*2022*
Fiji	Melanesia	Upper middle income	48.59%	*2022*	3.47	*2020*	3.468	*2019*
France	Western Europe	High income	34.79%	*2022*	2.16	*2022*	2.933	*2021*	3.5	*2021*
Federated States of Micronesia	Micronesia	Lower middle income	48.59%	*2022*	1.87	*2013*	1.874	*2013*
Gabon	Middle Africa	Upper middle income	43.32%	*2022*	2.24	*2017*	2.241	*2017*
United Kingdom	Northern Europe	High income	33.70%	*2022*	2.27	*2021*	3.041	*2021*	4.3	*2021*
Georgia	Western Asia	Upper middle income	45.03%	*2022*	2.65	*2021*	2.638	*2022*
Ghana	Western Africa	Lower middle income	48.91%	*2022*	1.61	*2017*	1.611	*2016*
Guinea	Western Africa	Lower middle income	37.89%	*2022*	3.48	*2019*	3.478	*2018*
Gambia	Western Africa	Low income	45.87%	*2022*	2.59	*2021*	2.594	*2020*
Guinea-Bissau	Western Africa	Low income	44.09%	*2022*	3.31	*2019*	3.393	*2021*
Equatorial Guinea	Middle Africa	Upper middle income	51.39%	*2022*
Greece	Southern Europe	High income	35.00%	*2022*	1.94	*2022*	2.610	*2021*	4.0	*2021*
Grenada	Caribbean	Upper middle income	48.52%	*2022*	2.88	*2008*	2.128	*2018*
Greenland	Northern America	High income	48.59%	*2022*	2.10	*2018*
Guatemala	Central America	Upper middle income	52.41%	*2022*	1.67	*2014*	1.672	*2014*
Guyana	South America	High income	52.41%	*2022*	1.09	*1998*	1.158	*1998*
Hong Kong	Eastern Asia	High income	48.18%	*2022*	0.70	*2016*
Honduras	Central America	Lower middle income	52.41%	*2022*	1.24	*2019*	1.243	*2019*
Croatia	Southern Europe	High income	32.04%	*2022*	1.40	*2022*	3.110	*2021*	4.0	*2021*
Haiti	Caribbean	Lower middle income	52.41%	*2022*	2.10	*2012*	0.765	*2012*
Hungary	Eastern Europe	High income	33.50%	*2022*	1.83	*2022*	3.518	*2021*	3.1	*2021*
Indonesia	South-eastern Asia	Upper middle income	41.24%	*2022*	2.80	*2022*	3.328	*2023*
India	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	57.13%	*2022*	2.90	*2022*	2.898	*2021*	9.4	*2011*
Ireland	Northern Europe	High income	40.86%	*2022*	1.77	*2022*	3.633	*2021*	3.6	*2021*
Iran	Southern Asia	Upper middle income	52.39%	*2022*	2.31	*2020*	2.831	*2022*
Iraq	Western Asia	Upper middle income	50.67%	*2022*	1.28	*2013*	3.680	*2012*
Iceland	Northern Europe	High income	29.51%	*2022*	4.03	*2018*	4.033	*2017*	2.8	*2017*
Israel	Western Asia	High income	47.80%	*2022*	1.87	*2018*	2.000	*2021*	5.4	*2021*
Italy	Southern Europe	High income	39.05%	*2022*	1.54	*2022*	2.303	*2021*	4.4	*2021*
Jamaica	Caribbean	Upper middle income	52.41%	*2022*	2.61	*2015*	2.176	*2021*
Jordan	Western Asia	Lower middle income	48.36%	*2022*	3.16	*2014*	3.455	*2010*
Japan	Eastern Asia	High income	44.24%	*2022*	1.85	*2014*	2.993	*2013*	5.2	*2021*
Kazakhstan	Central Asia	Upper middle income	35.29%	*2022*	4.28	*2018*	4.299	*2021*
Kenya	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	48.72%	*2022*	2.91	*2021*	2.923	*2021*
Kyrgyzstan	Central Asia	Lower middle income	43.35%	*2022*	4.04	*2020*	4.375	*2022*
Cambodia	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	55.74%	*2022*	3.93	*2012*
Kiribati	Micronesia	Lower middle income	48.59%	*2022*	4.04	*2020*	4.038	*2019*
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Caribbean	High income	48.52%	*2022*
South Korea	Eastern Asia	High income	32.55%	*2022*	1.24	*2016*	2.946	*2021*	4.9	*2022*
Kuwait	Western Asia	High income	52.90%	*2022*	2.80	*1973*
Laos	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	45.68%	*2022*	2.95	*2019*	2.955	*2018*
Lebanon	Western Asia	Lower middle income	54.17%	*2022*	3.09	*2012*	3.093	*2011*
Liberia	Western Africa	Low income	43.24%	*2022*	2.94	*2016*	2.941	*2016*
Libya	Northern Africa	Upper middle income	44.13%	*2022*
Saint Lucia	Caribbean	Upper middle income	48.52%	*2022*	0.90	*2016*	0.906	*2015*
Sri Lanka	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	42.23%	*2022*	3.11	*2019*	3.113	*2019*
Lesotho	Southern Africa	Lower middle income	49.51%	*2022*	1.72	*2018*	1.722	*2017*
Lithuania	Northern Europe	High income	41.84%	*2022*	1.29	*2022*	2.625	*2021*	5.1	*2021*
Luxembourg	Western Europe	High income	31.48%	*2022*	2.19	*2022*	2.787	*2021*	3.6	*2021*
Latvia	Northern Europe	High income	34.61%	*2022*	1.37	*2022*	2.607	*2021*	5.2	*2022*
Morocco	Northern Africa	Lower middle income	49.43%	*2022*	2.70	*2014*	2.700	*2013*
Moldova	Eastern Europe	Upper middle income	33.29%	*2022*	4.34	*2021*	4.344	*2021*
Madagascar	Eastern Africa	Low income	50.76%	*2022*	2.16	*2013*	2.223	*2012*
Maldives	Southern Asia	Upper middle income	57.72%	*2022*	3.78	*2020*	3.776	*2019*
Mexico	Central America	Upper middle income	64.61%	*2022*	1.87	*2022*	2.124	*2022*	5.8	*2022*
Marshall Islands	Micronesia	Upper middle income	48.59%	*2022*	2.84	*2020*	2.842	*2019*
North Macedonia	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	29.66%	*2022*	1.88	*2020*	1.878	*2019*
Mali	Western Africa	Low income	44.61%	*2022*	2.93	*2021*	3.230	*2021*
Malta	Southern Europe	High income	34.13%	*2022*	1.99	*2022*	3.095	*2020*
Myanmar	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	51.12%	*2022*	3.76	*2017*	3.764	*2017*
Montenegro	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	32.13%	*2022*	2.30	*2021*	2.141	*2021*
Mongolia	Eastern Asia	Upper middle income	42.51%	*2022*	3.27	*2018*	3.387	*2022*
Mozambique	Eastern Africa	Low income	64.63%	*2022*	1.59	*2020*	1.714	*2019*
Mauritani	Western Africa	Lower middle income	40.48%	*2022*	2.98	*2014*	3.133	*2019*
Mauritius	Eastern Africa	Upper middle income	47.40%	*2022*	2.91	*2017*	2.915	*2017*
Malawi	Eastern Africa	Low income	48.41%	*2022*	2.85	*2020*	2.851	*2019*
Malaysia	South-eastern Asia	Upper middle income	47.48%	*2022*	2.26	*2019*	2.346	*2021*
Namibia	Southern Africa	Upper middle income	64.20%	*2022*	0.96	*2016*	0.965	*2015*
Niger	Western Africa	Low income	49.19%	*2022*	3.20	*2019*	3.777	*2021*
Nigeria	Western Africa	Lower middle income	42.72%	*2022*	2.88	*2019*	2.885	*2018*
Nicaragua	Central America	Lower middle income	52.41%	*2022*	1.98	*2014*	1.977	*2014*
Netherlands	Western Europe	High income	33.14%	*2022*	1.92	*2022*	3.625	*2021*	3.2	*2022*
Norway	Northern Europe	High income	25.17%	*2022*	1.94	*2021*	3.365	*2019*	3.1	*2022*
Nepal	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	33.81%	*2022*	3.50	*2011*	3.672	*2022*
Nauru	Micronesia	High income	48.59%	*2022*	3.39	*2013*	3.403	*2012*
New Zealand	Australia and New Zealand	High income	34.63%	*2022*	2.90	*2018*			4.2	*2020*
Oman	Western Asia	High income	54.88%	*2022*
Pakistan	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	43.94%	*2022*	4.22	*2019*	4.222	*2018*
Panama	Central America	High income	52.41%	*2022*	1.23	*2021*	1.234	*2023*
Peru	South America	Upper middle income	57.27%	*2022*	2.12	*2021*	2.112	*2022*
Philippines	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	49.42%	*2022*	2.91	*2021*	2.678	*2021*
Palau	Micronesia	High income	48.59%	*2022*	1.00	*2014*
Papua New Guinea	Melanesia	Lower middle income	50.25%	*2022*	1.87	*2010*	1.870	*2009*
Poland	Eastern Europe	High income	34.59%	*2022*	2.09	*2022*	3.354	*2021*	3.3	*2021*
Puerto Rico	Caribbean	High income	48.52%	*2022*	2.10	*1977*
Portugal	Southern Europe	High income	35.60%	*2022*	1.85	*2022*	2.796	*2021*	4.0	*2021*
Paraguay	South America	Upper middle income	52.41%	*2022*	1.83	*2022*	1.831	*2022*
Palestine	Western Asia	Lower middle income	50.06%	*2022*	2.90	*2017*	2.898	*2016*
Qatar	Western Asia	High income	53.78%	*2022*			2.556	*2017*
Romania	Eastern Europe	High income	35.77%	*2022*	1.17	*2022*	1.901	*2021*	5.0	*2021*
Russia	Eastern Europe	High income	50.77%	*2022*	3.08	*2020*	2.686	*2021*	4.3	*2017*
Rwanda	Eastern Africa	Low income	53.94%	*2022*	2.44	*2017*	2.437	*2016*
Saudi Arabia	Western Asia	High income	54.41%	*2022*
Sudan	Northern Africa	Low income	45.04%	*2022*	3.17	*2014*	3.175	*2014*
Senegal	Western Africa	Lower middle income	47.80%	*2022*	2.96	*2019*	3.021	*2021*
Singapore	South-eastern Asia	High income	32.89%	*2022*	1.59	*2012*
Solomon Islands	Melanesia	Lower middle income	48.59%	*2022*	2.76	*2013*	2.758	*2012*
Sierra Leone	Western Africa	Low income	47.00%	*2022*	3.35	*2018*	3.352	*2018*
El Salvador	Central America	Upper middle income	42.70%	*2022*	1.92	*2022*	1.926	*2022*
San Marino	Southern Europe	High income	34.84%	*2022*
Somalia	Eastern Africa	Low income	44.06%	*2022*	1.70	*2016*
Serbia	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	33.75%	*2022*	2.28	*2021*	2.489	*2021*
South Sudan	Eastern Africa	Low income	49.39%	*2022*	1.71	*2017*	1.788	*2016*
São Tomé and Príncipe	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	39.38%	*2022*	2.57	*2017*	2.569	*2017*
Suriname	South America	Upper middle income	52.41%	*2022*			2.207	*2022*		F
Slovakia	Eastern Europe	High income	25.98%	*2022*	2.97	*2022*	3.421	*2021*	2.8	*2021*
Slovenia	Southern Europe	High income	30.65%	*2022*	1.97	*2022*	4.196	*2021*	3.0	*2021*
Sweden	Northern Europe	High income	33.75%	*2022*	1.78	*2022*	2.806	*2021*	3.3	*2022*
Eswatini	Southern Africa	Lower middle income	59.88%	*2022*	1.41	*2017*	1.407	*2016*
Seychelles	Eastern Africa	High income	52.09%	*2022*	2.58	*2019*	2.622	*2018*
Syria	Western Asia	Low income	54.25%	*2022*	3.80	*2007*	3.798	*2022*
Turks and Caicos Islands	Caribbean	High income	48.52%	*2022*
Chad	Middle Africa	Low income	46.73%	*2022*	2.92	*2019*	2.808	*2022*
Togo	Western Africa	Low income	50.03%	*2022*	2.29	*2019*	2.785	*2021*
Thailand	South-eastern Asia	Upper middle income	51.75%	*2022*	3.17	*2021*	3.186	*2021*
Tajikistan	Central Asia	Lower middle income	38.12%	*2022*	2.95	*2015*	2.953	*2015*
Turkmenistan	Central Asia	Upper middle income	47.99%	*2022*	2.72	*1993*	2.404	*1998*
Timor-Leste	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	46.30%	*2022*	4.04	*2014*	4.045	*2014*
Tonga	Polynesia	Upper middle income	48.59%	*2022*	3.18	*2015*	3.965	*2021*
Trinidad and Tobago	Caribbean	High income	52.41%	*2022*	2.07	*1992*	2.127	*1992*
Tunisia	Northern Africa	Lower middle income	41.37%	*2022*	3.16	*2016*	3.083	*2021*
Turkey	—	Upper middle income	51.68%	*2022*	2.00	*2021*	1.988	*2021*	5.3	*2021*
Tuvalu	Polynesia	Upper middle income	48.59%	*2022*	2.68	*2010*	2.684	*2010*
Taiwan	Eastern Asia	High income	34.92%	*2022*	2.53	*2021*	3.515	*2021*
Tanzania	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	51.37%	*2022*	2.88	*2018*	2.875	*2018*
Uganda	Eastern Africa	Low income	52.82%	*2022*	2.43	*2020*	2.428	*2019*
Ukraine	Eastern Europe	Upper middle income	38.26%	*2022*	4.25	*2020*	4.257	*2020*
Uruguay	South America	High income	47.17%	*2022*	2.24	*2022*	2.162	*2022*
United States	Northern America	High income	48.27%	*2022*	1.42	*2022*	1.762	*2022*	6.3	*2022*
Uzbekistan	Central Asia	Lower middle income	48.30%	*2022*	2.88	*2003*	2.495	*2022*
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Caribbean	Upper middle income	48.52%	*2022*
Venezuela	South America	NA	54.96%	*2022*	2.50	*2014*	1.244	*2006*
Vietnam	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	45.82%	*2022*	2.53	*2020*	2.569	*2022*
Vanuatu	Melanesia	Lower middle income	48.59%	*2022*	3.04	*2020*	3.044	*2019*
Samoa	Polynesia	Upper middle income	48.59%	*2022*	2.74	*2014*	2.738	*2013*
Kosovo	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	31.64%	*2022*	0.50	*2018*	3.790	*2017*
Yemen	Western Asia	Low income	55.11%	*2022*	3.00	*2014*	3.005	*2014*
South Africa	Southern Africa	Upper middle income	65.41%	*2022*	1.09	*2017*	0.857	*2014*	22.3	*2017*
Zambia	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	61.74%	*2022*	1.10	*2015*	1.473	*2022*
Zimbabwe	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	58.95%	*2022*	1.93	*2019*	2.539	*2017*
a. Pre-tax national income share held by the top 10% of the population (WID): Pre-tax national income is the sum of all pre-tax personal income flows accruing to the owners of the production factors, labor, and capital before taking into account the operation of the tax/transfer system, but after taking into account the operation of the pension system. The central difference between personal factor income and pre-tax income is the treatment of pensions, which are counted on a contribution basis by factor income and on a distribution basis by pre-tax income. The population is composed of individuals over the age of 20. The base unit is the tax unit defined by national fiscal administrations to measure personal income taxes. b. Decile 1 group shares of resource (UNU-WIDER, PIP): A decile is a quantitative method of dividing data into 10 equal parts. Income Decile 1 measures the percentage share of income of the bottom (poorest) 10% of the population. c. Interdecile P90/P10 (OECD): The P90/P10 ratio is the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e., the 10% of people with the highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile, after taxes and adjusted for household size.

ATTACHMENT EIGHT – FROM AI OVERVIEW

By Nations: CRIME CATEGORIZED

AI Overview

Globally, World Population Review and the Organized Crime Index rank countries by crime using metrics like homicide rates, organized crime, and perceived crime indices. [1, 2]

The countries with the highest overall crime and criminality rates globally include:

1. Venezuela (Highest violent crime and homicide rates)

2. Myanmar (Highest Overall Criminality Score)

3. Papua New Guinea

4. South Africa

5. Colombia

6. Honduras

7. Mexico [1, 2]

In contrast, countries with the lowest crime and highest safety records generally include Monaco, Iceland, Singapore, and Japan. [1]

FROM WIKI

By Nations: CRIME in the United States

United States
*Crime rates (2022)**
Violent crimes
Homicide	6.3
Rape	40
Robbery	66.1
Aggravated assault	268.2
Total violent crime	380.7
Property crimes
Burglary	269.8
Motor vehicle theft	282.7
Arson	11.6
Total property crime	1,954.4
Notes Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. Estimated total population: 329,500,000. In 2013 the FBI modified the definition of rape. Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation Crime Data Explorer*

Rate of violent crime offenses per 100,000 people, by year, in the United States 1985-2022

Crime has been recorded in the United States since its founding and has fluctuated significantly over time. Most available data underestimate crime before the 1930s (due to incomplete datasets and other factors), giving the false impression that crime was low in the early 1900s and had a sharp rise after.^[1] Instead, violent crime during the colonial period was likely three times higher than the highest modern rates in the data currently available, and crime had been on the decline since colonial times.^[2] Within the better data for crime reporting and recording available starting in the 1930s, crime reached its broad, bulging modern peak between the 1970s and early 1990s. After 1992, crime rates have generally trended downwards each year, with the exceptions of a slight increase in property crimes in 2001 and increases in violent crimes in 2005–2006, 2014–2016 and 2020–2021.^[3] As of July 1, 2024, violent crime was down and homicides were on pace to drop to 2015 levels by the end of the year.^[4][5]

As the Marshall Project notes, "By 2020, almost every law enforcement agency was included in the FBI's database." But the new system, which went into effect in 2021, is missing a lot of data. In 2022, 32% of police departments stopped reporting crime data, and another 24% of departments only reported crime data for some months during the year. This results in the omitted data not being counted, leading to an artificially lower crime rate.^[6] Federal data for 2020–2021 and limited data from select U.S. cities collected by the nonpartisan Council on Criminal Justice showed significantly elevated rates of homicide and motor vehicle theft in 2020–2022.^[3][7][8] Although both overall crime rates and the homicide rate have fallen far below the peak of crime seen in the United States during the late 1980s and early 1990s,^[9][10] the homicide rate in the U.S. is high relative to other "high income"/developed nations, with eight major U.S. cities ranked among the 50 cities with the highest homicide rate in the world in 2022. The aggregate cost of crime in the United States is significant, with an estimated value of $4.9 trillion reported in 2021.^[11] Data from the first half of 2023, from government and private sector sources show that the murder rate has dropped, as much as 12% in as many as 90 cities across the United States.^[12] The drop in homicide rates is not uniform across the country however, with some cities such as Memphis, TN, showing an uptick in murder rates.^[12]

The two major sources of national crime data are the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports (which indexes eight types of offenses recorded by law enforcement) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics's National Crime Victimization Surveys (which may cover offenses not reported to police).^[13] In addition to the primary Uniform Crime Report known as Crime in the United States, the FBI publishes annual reports on the status of law enforcement in the United States. The report's definitions of specific crimes are considered standard by many American law enforcement agencies. According to the FBI, index crime in the United States includes violent crime and property crime. Violent crime consists of five criminal offenses: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and gang violence; property crime consists of burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson.

The basic aspect of a crime considers the offender, the victim, type of crime, severity and level, and location. These are the basic questions asked by law enforcement when first investigating any situation. This information is formatted into a government record by a police arrest report, also known as an incident report. These forms lay out all the information needed to put the crime in the system and it provides a strong outline for further law enforcement agents to review. Society has a strong misconception about crime rates due to media aspects heightening their fear factor.^[14] The system's crime data fluctuates by crime depending on certain influencing social factors such as economics, the dark figure of crime, population, and geography.^[14]

CRIME OVER TIME (See charts and graphs at Wiki)

Property crime rates in the United States per 100,000 population beginning in 1960. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.^{[needs update]}Total incarceration in the United States by year. Violent crime in the United States 1960-2022^[15][16] ^{[needs update]}After a slow decline, the number of hate crimes increased since the mid 2010s.^[17]

Despite accusations of a "crime crisis" of soaring violent crime under President Joe Biden, FBI data indicated the violent crime rate had declined significantly during the president's first two years in office, after a spike in 2020 during the COVID pandemic. By 2022, the violent crime rate was near a 50-year low, and preliminary data released in early 2024 indicated continuing declines in 2023.^[18][19][20] As of July 1, 2024, violent crime was down and homicides were on pace to drop to 2015 levels by the end of the year.^[4][5]

In the early 1980s, a study (using data from the years 1978 to 1982) estimated that the cumulative lifetime risk of becoming a homicide victim (ie. the risk of dying due to homicide throughout one's life, rather than the commonly cited statistics of annual homicide risk) was 1 in 133.^[21] However, the study found considerable differences by race and gender, with the risks being 1 in 21 for black males, 1 in 104 for black females, 1 in 131 for white males, and 1 in 369 for white females.^[22] Since then, this risk has been decreasing, it was 1 in 240 in 1997,^[23] and 1 in 287 in 2009.^[24]

After World War II, crime rates increased in the United States, peaking from the 1970s to the early-1990s. Violent crime nearly quadrupled between 1960 and its peak in 1991. Property crime more than doubled over the same period. Since the 1990s, however, contrary to common misconception,^[25] crime in the United States has declined steadily, and has significantly declined by the late 1990s and also in the early 2000s. Not only did crime decrease overall nationally in the United States in the 1990s but also in major cities during that decade and continuing into the following decades.^[26] Several theories have been proposed to explain this decline:

· The lead–crime hypothesis suggests the removal of lead from gasoline and paint reduced crime rates. A 2022 meta-analysis of 24 studies found that there is substantial evidence linking lead exposure to a heightened risk of criminal behavior, particularly violent crimes. This aligns with earlier research suggesting lead exposure may foster impulsive and aggressive tendencies, potential precursors to violent offenses. While a correlation between declining lead pollution and declining criminality is supported by research, it is likely not a significant factor in reduced crime rates, and the link is generally overstated in lead-crime literature.^[27]

· The number of police officers hired and employed to various police forces increased considerably in the 1990s.^[28]

· On September 16, 1994, President Bill Clinton signed the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act into law. Under the act, over $30 billion in federal aid was spent over a six-year period to improve state and local law enforcement, prisons and crime prevention programs. Proponents of the law, including the President, touted it as a lead contributor to the sharp drop in crime which occurred throughout the 1990s, while critics have dismissed it as an unprecedented federal boondoggle.^[29]

· The rate of incarceration has significantly increased since the mid-1970s.^[28]

· Starting in the mid-1980s, crack cocaine use grew rapidly before declining again a decade later. Some authors have suggested a link between violent crimes and crack use.^[28]

· Legalized abortion following Roe v. Wade in 1973 reduced the number of children born to mothers in difficult circumstances, and a difficult childhood makes children more likely to become criminals.^[30]

· The changing demographics of an aging population has been cited for the drop in overall crime.^[31]

· Rising income^[32]

· The introduction of the data-driven policing practice CompStat (management system created in 1994) is claimed to have significantly reduced crimes in cities that adopted it.^[32]

· The quality and extent of use of security technology both increased around the time of the crime decline, after which the rate of car theft declined; this may have caused rates of other crimes to decline as well.^[33]

· Increased rates of immigration to the United States^[34][35]

A few of these factors are superimposed against the homicide rate chart under the "Homicide" heading of the International comparison section.

SELECT CRIMES REPORTED BY YEAR

This table looks at data nationally and is from the FBI crime data explorer's downloadable CSV files.^[36]

Crime	Violent			Property and nonviolent crimes
Year	Homicide	Rape	Aggravated Assault	Arson	Motor vehicle theft	Shoplifting
2025	11,721	101,648	672,892	27,628	569,384	952,303
2024	16,924	125,354	842,290	36,318	846,233	1,116,700
2023	19,677	131,033	873,773	37,744	1,055,283	994,948
2022	21,846	137,689	886,546	39,969	925,270	765,242
2021	17,924	113,008	662,202	30,239	620,307	602,085
2020	17,985	129,857	884,609	45,972	786,661	521,507
2019	16,696	142,341	791,348	36,182	702,747	507,162
2018	16,853	144,049	797,282	39,361	742,463	415,713
2017	17,466	135,941	795,176	42,992	758,273	390,950
2016	17,123	126,395	789,157	45,729	756,353	165,609
2015	15,643	119,604	749,044	40,827	698,387	148,340
2014	13,966	108,388	718,857	46,195	674,711	128,784
2013	14,114	96,316	713,480	47,204	690,039	109,124
2012	14,828	83,439	752,258	55,336	715,900	98,200
2011	14,552	82,607	742,224	54,546	708,975	76,943
2010	14,576	84,190	769,510	55,986	729,035	68,702
2009	15,166	84,304	793,915	59,860	783,763	64,028
2008	16,171	83,758	825,112	65,789	944,535	58,000
2007	16,878	84,735	845,370	68,091	1,081,065	47,549
2006	16,931	87,378	849,368	72,969	1,175,354	36,841
2005	16,179	87,308	824,560	68,508	1,198,513	37,664
2004	15,607	88,245	819,493	69,300	1,200,270	33,219

CRIME RATE IN SELECT CITIES BY YEAR

NEW YORK CITY

See also: Crime in New York City

This table shows the number of select crimes in New York City, New York by year. Data from the FBI Crime Data Explorer can be found in downloaded CSV files. Table source:^[37][38][39]

Los Angeles

This table lists the number of select crimes reported in the city of Los Angeles, California by year. The data shown comes from the Los Angeles Police Department and is found from the FBI Crime Data Explorer's downloaded CSV files. Table source:^[75]

Year	Violent		Non-violent/property
Year	Homicide	Rape	Arson	Motor vehicle theft

Chicago

This table lists the number of select crimes reported in the city of Chicago, Illinois by year. The data shown comes from the Chicago Police Department and is found from the FBI Crime Data Explorer's downloaded CSV files. Table source:^[76]

San Francisco

This table lists the number of crimes reported in San Francisco, California by year. Data prior to 2017 comes from the FBI Crime Data Explorer. Table source:^[109]

Arrests

The number of arrests in the US, "all crimes", as reported by the FBI, began a decrease in the early 2010s.^[110]

The U.S. has a low clearance rate—cases solved or arrests made. Murder clearance rates of Australia, Britain and Germany are in the 70s and 90s percent range, compared to the U.S. in the 50s.^[111]

Each state has a set of statutes enforceable within its own borders. A state has no jurisdiction outside of its borders, even though still in the United States. It must request extradition from the state in which the suspect has fled. In 2014, there were 186,873 misdemeanor suspects outside specific states jurisdiction against whom no extradition would be sought. Philadelphia has about 20,000 of these since it is near a border with four other states. Extradition is estimated to cost a few hundred dollars per case.^[112]

Analysis of arrest data from California indicates that the most common causes of felony arrest are for violent offenses such as robbery and assault, property offenses such as burglary and auto theft, and drug offenses. For misdemeanors, the most common causes of arrest were traffic offenses, most notably impaired driving, drug offenses, and failure to appear in court. Other common causes of misdemeanor arrest included assault and battery and minor property offenses such as petty theft.^[113]

Arrests by gender

In 2024 according to the FBI Crime Data Explorer males made up most arrests; 73% of all arrests came from males and females made up 27% nationally.^[114]

Between 1985 and 2024 males made up the majority of arrests as well; with 78% being male and 22% being female.^[114]

Arrests by Gender (Male) (2016–2020)^[relevant?]

Arrested Offenders by gender (Female) (2016–2020)^[relevant?]

Arrests by age

In 2020, out of the 7,632,470 crimes documented that year, 5,721,190 of them were committed by someone who was at least 25 years of age.^[115] 4,225,140 of them were committed by men and 1,496,050 being committed by women.

Youth arrests

In 2024, 322,406 people who were 17 and under were arrested nationally regardless of offense.^[114]

Arrests by immigration status

Although many Americans believe that immigrants are more likely to commit crimes, undocumented immigrants have substantially lower crime rates than native-born citizens.^[116][117] Compared to undocumented immigrants, US-born citizens are over twice as likely to be arrested for violent crimes, 2.5 times more likely to be arrested for drug crimes, and over 4 times more likely to be arrested for property crimes. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the rate of criminality among undocumented immigrants has increased in recent years.^[118] The numbers above are from Texas, which is the only state that collects arrests by immigration status. However, according to researchers at the CATO Institute, there is evidence that a similar relationship holds nationwide.^[119]

Using incarceration rates as a proxy for criminality, immigrants are 60% less likely to be incarcerated than U.S. born citizens. According to the last 150 years of U.S. Census data, immigrants have been incarcerated at a consistently lower rate than US-born citizens throughout this time period, and this gap has widened since 1960.^[120][121]

Influences on crime

Childhood exposure to violence

A 1997 report from the US Department of Justice states that "Most violent behavior is learned behavior. Early exposure to violence in the family may involve witnessing either violence or physical abuse.", with exposure to this violence in childhood linked to an increase in violent behaviour as an adolescent by as much as 40%.^[123] Gangs and illegal markets provide high levels of exposure to violence, and violent role models and positive rewards for criminal and violent activity, such as drug distribution. Gangs are more likely to be active in poor, minority and disorganized neighborhoods; which have further effects on violent crime; as in those communities there are usually fewer or limited opportunities for employment and evidence suggests these neighbourhoods inhibit the normal progression of adolescent development.

According to the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting statistics in 2019, juveniles (0–17 years) represented 7.13% of arrests (adults: 92.87%); this is down from 12.65% in 2010, with the total number of arrests of juveniles down by 55.5%; this is explained by the drop in arrests of all ages by 21.0%.^[124] When controlled for age,^[a] the rate of juveniles arrests in 2010 was 1,296 per 100,000, and in 2019 was 586 per 100,000. Data shows that total arrests increase tenfold from ages 12–14 and then double roughly every 3 years in age from age 14 reaching a peak by age 19 that remains relatively constant until 35.^[126]

Crime type and severity

People are more likely to fear and be less sympathetic toward offenders with a history of violent or sexual crime.^[127] Violent criminal history is defined by the FBI as any offense, of a violent felony, including rape, homicide, aggravated assault, and robbery.^[128] People tend to express more negative attitude towards violent offenders in comparison to those with a history of non-violent crime, misdemeanors, and no sexual crimes.^[127]

Crime victimology

U.S. accounts for 97% of gun-related child deaths among similar countries, despite making up only 46% of this group's overall population (2020). rate for whites and blacks, according to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics^{[130][needs update]}

Gun-related suicides and homicides in the United States (1999-2023)^[131]

In 2011, surveys indicated more than 5.8 million violent victimizations and 17.1 million property victimizations took place in the United States; according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, each property victimization corresponded to one household, while violent victimizations is the number of victims of a violent crime.^[132]

Patterns are found within the victimology of crime in the United States. Overall, people with lower incomes, those younger than 25, and non-whites were more likely to report being the victim of crime.^[132] Income, gender, and age had the most dramatic effect on the chances of a person being victimized by crime, while the characteristic of race depended upon the crime being committed.^[132]

In terms of gender, the BJS National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) published in 2019 that "the percentage of violent victimizations reported to police was higher for females (46%) than for males (36%)". This difference can largely be attributed to the reporting of simple assaults, as the percentages of violent victimizations reported to police, excluding simple assault, were similar for females (47%) and males (46%). The victim-to-population ratio of 1.0 for both males and females shows that the percentage of violent incidents involving male (49%) or female (51%) victims was equal to males' (49%) or females' (51%) share of the population.^[133]

In regards to rape, the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) indicates females are disproportionately more affected than males. According to the data collected from 2010 to 2020, women make 89% of victims of rape, while men make 11%. Perpetrators are 93% men.^[134]

Concerning age, those younger than twenty-five were more likely to fall victim to crime, especially violent crime.^[135] The chances of being victimized by violent crime decreased far more substantially with age than the chances of becoming the victim of property crime.^[135] For example, 3.03% of crimes committed against a young person were theft, while 20% of crimes committed against an elderly person were theft.^[135]

Bias motivation reports showed that of the 7,254 hate crimes reported in 2011, 47.7% (3,465) were motivated by race, with 72% (2,494) of race-motivated incidents being anti-black.^[136] In addition, 20.8% (1,508) of hate crimes were motivated by sexual orientation, with 57.8% (871) of orientation-motivated incidents being anti-male homosexual.^[136]

The third largest motivation factor for hate crime was religion, representing 18.2% (1,318) incidents, with 62.2% (820) of religion-motivated incidents being anti-Jewish.^[136]

As of 2007, violent crime against homeless people is increasing.^[137]

The likelihood of falling victim to crime relates to both demographic and geographic characteristics.^[138]

In 2010, according to the UNODC, 67.5% of all homicides in the United States were perpetrated using a firearm.^[139] The costliest crime in terms of total financial impact on all of its victims, and the most underreported crime is rape, in the United States.^[140][141]

Incarceration

Main article: Incarceration in the United States

Incarceration rates by state. From various years; latest available as of June 2024. State, federal, and local inmates.^[142]

This article has lists of U.S. states and U.S. territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rates. There are also counts of inmates for various categories. The data is from the United States Department of Justice and other sources. The incarceration numbers include sentenced and unsentenced inmates from many categories.

The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world (which includes pre-trial detainees and sentenced prisoners).^[143] As of 2009, 2.3 million people were incarcerated in the United States, including federal and state prisons and local jails, creating an incarceration rate of 793 persons per 100,000 of national population.^[143] During 2011, 1.6 million people were incarcerated under the jurisdiction of federal and state authorities.^[144] At the end of 2011, 492 persons per 100,000 U.S. residents were incarcerated in federal and state prisons.^[144] Of the 1.6 million state and federal prisoners, nearly 1.4 million people were under state jurisdiction, while 215,000 were under federal jurisdiction.^[144] Demographically, nearly 1.5 million prisoners were male, and 115,000 were female, while 581,000 prisoners were black, 516,000 were white, and 350,000 were Hispanic.^[144]

Among the 1.35 million sentenced state prisoners in 2011, 725,000 people were incarcerated for violent crimes, 250,000 were incarcerated for property crimes, 237,000 people were incarcerated for drug crimes, and 150,000 were incarcerated for other offenses.^[144] Of the 200,000 sentenced federal prisoners in 2011, 95,000 were incarcerated for drug crimes, 69,000 were incarcerated for public order offenses, 15,000 were incarcerated for violent crimes, and 11,000 were incarcerated for property crimes.^[144]

CRIME IN THE WORLD

International comparison

Among 15 high-income countries, the U.S. has both the highest homicide rate, and the largest number of homicides (chart shows homicide data for 2021 in selected countries).^[145]

The manner in which the United States' crime rate compares to other countries of similar wealth and development depends on the nature of the crime used in the comparison.^[146] Overall crime statistic comparisons are difficult to conduct, as the definition and categorization of crimes varies across countries. Thus an agency in a foreign country may include crimes in its annual reports which the U.S. omits, and vice versa.

However, some countries such as Canada have similar definitions of what constitutes a violent crime, and nearly all countries had the same definition of the characteristics that constitutes a homicide.^{[citation needed]} Overall the total crime rate of the United States is higher than developed countries, specifically Europe and East Asia, with South American countries and Russia being the exceptions.^[147] Some types of reported property crime in the U.S. survey as lower than in Germany or Canada, yet the homicide rate in the United States is substantially higher as is the prison population.

The difference in homicide rate between the U.S. and other high income countries has widened in recent years especially since the 30% rise in 2020 was not replicated elsewhere, and is also above many developing countries such as China, India and Turkey.^{[148][circular reference]} In the European Union, homicides fell 32% between 2008 and 2019 to 3,875^[149] while rising by 4,901 in the U.S. in 2020 alone,^[150] leaving the U.S. with a homicide rate 7x higher. In reputable estimates of crime across the globe, the U.S. generally ranks slightly below the middle, roughly 70th lowest or 100th highest.^[151][152]

Violent crime

The reported U.S. violent crime rate includes murder, rape and sexual assault, robbery, and assault,^[153] whereas the Canadian violent crime rate includes all categories of assault, including Assault level 1 (i.e., assault not using a weapon and not resulting in serious bodily harm).^[154][155] A Canadian government study concluded that direct comparison of the two countries' violent crime totals or rates was "inappropriate".^[156]

France does not count minor violence such as punching or slapping as assault, whereas Austria, Germany, Finland and the United Kingdom do count such occurrences.^[157]

The United Kingdom similarly has different definitions of what constitutes violent crime compared to the United States, making a direct comparison of the overall figure flawed. The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports defines a "violent crime" as one of four specific offenses: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. The British Home Office, by contrast, has a different definition of violent crime, including all "crimes against the person", including simple assaults, all robberies, and all "sexual offenses", as opposed to the FBI, which only counts aggravated assaults and "forcible rapes".^[158]

Crime rates are necessarily altered by averaging neighborhood higher or lower local rates over a larger population which includes the entire city. Having small pockets of dense crime may increase a city's average crime rate. It is estimated that violent crime accounts for as much as $2.2 trillion by the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, accounting for about 85% of the total cost of crime in the United States.^[159]

Police-recorded violent crime rates per 100,000 population^{[160][161][162][163]}
Country	Homicide	Rape	Sexual assault	Robbery	Assault
Australia	1.0 (0.8) ²⁰²²*	—^†	123.7^{2022 [161]†}	36.75 ²⁰²²	1017.6^# ²⁰²²
Germany	0.8	9.4²⁰¹⁰	56.9²⁰¹⁰	60	630
England/Wales	1.1	28.8²⁰¹⁰	82.1²⁰¹⁰	137	730
Scotland	1.6	17.0²⁰⁰⁹	124.6²⁰⁰⁹	48	1487
United States	5.0	44.4^{2018 UCR[164]}	270.0 ^{2018 NCVS[165]^}	133	241
Sweden	1.0	63.5²⁰¹⁰	183.0²⁰¹⁰	103	927

*Australian homicide statistics include murder, and manslaughter (attempted murder is excluded). Murder rate in brackets.

†Australian statistics record only sexual assault, and do not have separate statistics for rape only. Sexual assault is defined to include rape, attempted rape, aggravated sexual assault (assault with a weapon), indecent assault, penetration by objects, forced sexual activity that did not end in penetration and attempts to force a person into sexual activity; but excludes unwanted sexual touching. ^[166]

^#Australian assault statistics calculated using per state/territory statistics, excluding Victoria as assault data is not collected.^[161]

^{^UCR
rape statistics do NOT include sexual assault, while the NCVS does, furthermore
NCVS define sexual assault to include as well sexual touching with/without
force, and verbal threats of rape or sexual assault, as well as rape, attempted
rape, and sexual assault that isn't rape.}^[162][163]

Homicide

Since 1900, US homicide rates have varied by a factor of more than 2.^[167]2019 Intentional homicide rate per 100,000 residents by state, including District of Columbia, 2019^[168]

Violent crime in the United States has been in decline since colonial times. The homicide rate has been estimated to be over 30 per 100,000 people in 1700, dropping to under 20 by 1800, and to under 10 by 1900, though these estimates, particularly the older ones, should be regarded as highly speculative.^[2]

According to a 2013 report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), between 2005 and 2012, the average homicide rate in the U.S. was 4.9 per 100,000 inhabitants compared to the average rate globally, which was 6.2. However, the U.S. had much higher murder rates compared to four other selected "developed countries", which all had average homicide rates of 0.8 per 100,000.^[147] In 2004, there were 5.5 homicides for every 100,000 persons, roughly three times as high as Canada (1.9) and six times as high as Germany and Italy (0.9).^[169][154]

In 2018, the US murder rate was 5.0 per 100,000, for a total of 15,498 murders.^[170] The United States has experienced crime dynamics similar to many other Western countries, including a marked increase in violent crime in the 1970s and 1980s, followed by a crime drop since then, also a common pattern in Western Europe. This crime dynamics was somewhat different in Eastern Europe, where the peak in violent crime was reached in the 1990s, after the fall of the Iron Curtain, where the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union were followed by a period of socioeconomic turmoil, and crime in the 1990s in post-Soviet states reached high levels. Russia reached a homicide peak of 32.16 per 100,000 in 1994.^[171] In the United States, the highest homicide rate in recent history was reached in 1980, at 10.2 per 100,000.^[172]

Homicide rates vary considerably by country. According to UNDOC, the homicide rate per 100,000 (data from 2022 or 2023) is above 40 per 100,000 in Jamaica, Ecuador, South Africa and Haiti, but lower than 0.2 per 100,000 in Singapore, Qatar and Oman.^[173] In the European Union, the homicide rate is 0.9 per 100,000 (as of 2020), but it varies by country, with Latvia having the highest homicide rate at 4.9 per 100,000.^[174] In Europe, outside the European Union, the highest homicide rate is in Russia (6.7 per 100,000, as of 2021).^[175]

US homicide victims by race, 1980–2017^[176]

In the United States, the number of homicides where the victim and offender relationship was undetermined has been increasing since 1999 but has not reached the levels experienced in the early 1990s. In 14% of all murders, the victim and the offender were strangers. Spouses and family members made up about 15% of all victims, about one-third of the victims were acquaintances of the assailant, and the victim and offender relationship was undetermined in over one-third of homicides. Gun involvement in homicides were gang-related homicides which increased after 1980, homicides that occurred during the commission of a felony which increased from 55% in 1985 to 77% in 2005, homicides resulting from arguments which declined to the lowest levels recorded recently, and homicides resulting from other circumstances which remained relatively constant. Because gang killing has become a normal part of inner cities, many including police hold preconceptions about the causes of death in inner cities. When a death is labeled gang-related it lowers the chances that it will be investigated and increases the chances that the perpetrator will remain at large. In addition, victims of gang killings often determine the priority a case will be given by police. Jenkins (1988) argues that many serial murder cases remain unknown to police and that cases involving Black offenders and victims are especially likely to escape official attention.^[177]

According to the FBI, "When the race of the offender was known, 53.0 percent were black, 44.7 percent were white, and 2.3 percent were of other races. The race was unknown for 4,132 offenders. (Based on Expanded Homicide Data Table 3). Of the offenders for whom gender was known, 88.2 percent were male."^[178] According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, from 1980 to 2008, 84 percent of white homicide victims were killed by white offenders and 93 percent of black homicide victims were killed by black offenders.^[130]

Gun violence

See also: Gun violence in the United States

Gun homicide rate vs gun ownership rate in developed countriesCivilian guns per capita by country, Small Arms Survey 2017^[179]

The United States has the highest rate of civilian gun ownership per capita.^{[179][180][181]} According to the CDC, between 1999 and 2014 there were 185,718 homicides from use of a firearm and 291,571 suicides using a firearm.^[182] The U.S. gun homicide rate in 2019 was 18 times the average rate in other developed countries.^[183] Despite a significant increase in the sales of firearms since 1994, the US has seen a drop in the annual rate of homicides using a firearm from 7.0 per 100,000 population in 1993 to 3.6 per 100,000 in 2013.^[184]

Property crime

Burglary rates, select industrialized countries, U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics^{[needs update]}

According to a 2004 study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, looking at the period from 1981 to 1999, the United States had a lower surveyed residential burglary rate in 1998 than Scotland, England, Canada, the Netherlands, and Australia. The other two countries included in the study, Sweden and Switzerland, had only slightly lower burglary rates. For the first nine years of the study period the same surveys of the public showed only Australia with rates higher than the United States. The authors noted various problems in doing the comparisons including infrequent data points. (The United States performed five surveys from 1995 to 1999 when its rate dipped below Canada's, while Canada ran a single telephone survey during that period for comparison.)^[146]

Crimes against children

Further information: Child abuse § U.S. statistics, and Child sexual abuse § United States and Europe

Violence against children from birth to adolescence is considered a "global phenomenon that takes many forms (physical, sexual, emotional), and occurs in many settings, including the home, school, community, care, and justice systems, and over the Internet."^[185]

According to a 2001 report from UNICEF, the United States has the highest rate of deaths from child abuse and neglect of any industrialized nation, at 2.4 per 100,000 children; France has 1.4, Japan 1, UK 0.9 and Germany 0.8. According to the US Department of Health, the state of Texas has the highest death rate, at 4.1 per 100,000 children, New York has 2.5, Oregon 1.5 and New Hampshire 0.4. ^[186] A 2018 report from the Congressional Research Service stated, at the national level, violent crime and homicide rates have increased each year from 2014 to 2016.^[187]

In 2016, data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) revealed that approximately 1,750 children died from either abuse or neglect; further, this is a continuing trend with an increasing 7.4% of crimes against children from 2012 to 2016 and these statistics can be compared to a rate of 2.36 children per 100,000 children in the United States general population.^[188] In addition, 44.2% of these 2016 statistics are specific to physical abuse towards a child.^[188]

A 2016 report from the Child Welfare Information Gateway also showed that parents account for 78% of violence against children in the United States.^[189]

Human trafficking

Main article: Human trafficking in the United States

Human trafficking is categorized into the following three groups: (1) sex trafficking; (2) sex and labor trafficking; and (3) labor trafficking; In addition, the rate of domestic minor sex trafficking has exponentially increased over the years. Sex trafficking of children also referred to as commercial sexual exploitation of children, is categorized by the following forms: pornography, prostitution, child sex tourism, and child marriage. Profiles of traffickers and types of trafficking differ in the way victims are abducted, how they are treated, and the reason for the abduction.

In the year 2016, the vast majority (84.9%) of traffickers were men, with an average age of 36. Approximately 70% of the offenders were citizens of the United States, and nearly half (49.4%) had minimal or no previous criminal record.^[190]

According to a 2017 report from the National Human Trafficking Hotline (NHTH), out of 10,615 reported survivors of sex trafficking, 2,762 of those survivors were minors.^[191]

The U.S. Department of Justice defines Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) as a range of crimes and activities involving the sexual abuse or exploitation of a child for the financial benefit of any person or in exchange for anything of value (including monetary and non-monetary benefits) given or received by any person. These crimes against children, which may occur at any time or place, rob them of their childhood and are extremely detrimental to their emotional and psychological development.^[192]

Types of human sex trafficking

In pimp-controlled trafficking, the pimp typically is the only trafficker involved who has full physical, psychological and emotional control over the victim. In gang-controlled trafficking, a large group of people has power over the victim, forcing the victim to take part in illegal or violent tasks for the purpose of obtaining drugs. Another form is called Familial trafficking, which differs the most from the two mentioned above because the victim is typically not abducted. Instead, the victim is forced into being sexually exploited by family members in exchange for something of monetary value, whether that's paying back debt, or obtaining drugs or money. This type of sexual exploitation tends to be the most difficult to detect, yet remains as the most prevalent form of human sex trafficking within the United States.^[192]

In 2009, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reported that the average age when children first fall victim to CSEC is between ages 12 and 14. However, this age has become increasingly younger due to exploiters' fear of contracting HIV or AIDS from older victims.^[192]

In 2018, the Office of Public Affairs within the Department of Justice released a report from operation "Broken Heart" conducted by Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) task forces, stating that more than 2,300 suspected online child sex offenders were arrested on the following allegations:^[193]

1. produce, distribute, receive and possess child pornography

2. engage in online enticement of children for sexual purposes

3. engage in the sex trafficking of children

4. travel across state lines or to foreign countries and sexually abuse children

A 2011 report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics examining the characteristics of suspected human trafficking incidents from 2008-10 noted that roughly 94% of confirmed victims identified as female and over half were 17 years old or younger.^[194]

Geography of crime

Crime rates vary in the United States depending on the type of community.^[195] Within metropolitan statistical areas, both violent and property crime rates are higher than the national average; in cities located outside metropolitan areas, violent crime was lower than the national average, while property crime was higher.^[195] For rural areas, both property and violent crime rates were lower than the national average.^[195]

Regions

For regional comparisons, the FBI divides the United States into four regions: Northeast, Midwest, South, and West.^[196] For 2019, the region with the lowest violent crime rate was the Northeast, with a rate of 292.4 per 100,000 residents, while the region with the highest violent crime rate was the West, with a rate of 413.5 per 100,000.^[196] For 2019, the region with the lowest property crime rate was the Northeast, with a rate of 1,350.4 per 100,000 residents, while the region with the highest property crime rate was the West, with a rate of 2,411.7 per 100,000.^[196]

States

Crime rates vary among U.S. states.^[197] In 2019, the state with the lowest violent crime rate was Maine, with a rate of 115.2 per 100,000 residents, while the state with the highest violent crime rate was Alaska, with a rate of 867.1 per 100,000.^[197] However, the District of Columbia, the U.S. capital district, had a violent crime rate of 1,049.0 per 100,000 in 2019.^[197] In 2019, the state with the highest property crime rate was Louisiana, with a rate of 3,162.0 per 100,000, while the state with the lowest property crime rate was Massachusetts, with a rate of 1,179.8 per 100,000.^[197] However, Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States, had a property crime rate of 702.7 per 100,000 in 2011.^[197]

Metropolitan areas

Further information: United States cities by crime rate

Crime in metropolitan statistical areas tends to be above the national average; however, wide variance exists among and within metropolitan areas.^[198] Some responding jurisdictions report very low crime rates, while others have considerably higher rates; these variations are due to many factors beyond population.^[198] FBI crime statistics publications strongly caution against comparison rankings of cities, counties, metropolitan statistical areas, and other reporting units without considering factors other than simply population.^[198] For 2017, the metropolitan statistical area with the highest violent crime rate was the Memphis, Tennessee, metropolitan area, with a rate of 1168.3 per 100,000 residents, while the metropolitan statistical area with the lowest violent crime rate was Bangor, Maine, metropolitan area, with a rate of 65.8.^[199]

According to Jeffrey Ross, isolated, underserved urban communities tend to perpetuate criminality and gang violence. In the United States, it is common for crime to be concentrated in a small number of economically disadvantaged areas, which may remain persistently afflicted by crime no matter which ethnic group is living there.^[200]

Crime in ten largest metropolitan areas (2017)^[199]
Metropolitan statistical area	Violent crime rate (per 100,000)	Property crime rate (per 100,000)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA MSA	367.6	2,865.7
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH MSA	305.3	1,308.5
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI MSA	—N/a^[b]	2,024.6
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA	369.3	—N/a^[c]
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX MSA	593.1	—N/a^[d]
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA MSA	496.7	2,350.3
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL MSA	458.2	3,076.4
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA MSA	332.9	1,335.6
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA	428.7	2,055.6
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA	273.4	1,745.4

Number and growth of criminal laws

There are conflicting opinions on the number of federal crime laws,^[201][202] with some arguing that there are now too many laws.^{[203][204][205]} In 1982, the U.S. Justice Department could not come up with a number, but estimated 3,000 crimes in the United States Code.^{[201][202][206]} In 1998, the American Bar Association (ABA) said that it was likely much higher than 3,000, but didn't give a specific estimate.^[201][202] In 2008, the Heritage Foundation published a report that put the number at a minimum of 4,450.^{[202][non-primary source needed]} When staff for a task force of the U.S. House Judiciary Committee asked the Congressional Research Service (CRS) to update its 2008 calculation of criminal offenses in the United States Code in 2013, the CRS responded that they lack the staffing and resources to accomplish the task.^{[207][better source needed]}

See also

· Corruption in the United States

· Fear of crime

· Illegal drug trade in the United States

· List of drug cartels in the United States

· Mass shootings in the United States

· Race and crime in the United States

· Criminal stereotype of African Americans

· Interstate Identification Index

· List of United States cities by crime rate

· Strict liability (criminal) § United States

· Contempt of court § United States

· Terrorism in the United States

Notes

a. Using Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) statistics, juvenile population in 2010 was 74,122,633, and in 2019 was 73,088,675^[125]

b. "The FBI determined that the agency's data were overreported for some parts of the metro area."^[199] And some agency(s) "submitted rape data classified according to the legacy UCR definition."^[199]

c. "The FBI determined that the agency's data were overreported for some parts of the metro area."^[199]

d. "The FBI determined that the agency's data were underreported for some parts of the metro area."^[199]

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40. Data is according to the FBI Crime Data Explorer

41. No data was reported for this year.

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51. No data was reported for this year.

52. No data was reported for this year.

53. No data was reported for this year.

54. No data was reported for this year.

55. No data was reported for this year.

56. No data was reported for this year.

57. No data was reported for this year.

58. No data was reported for this year.

59. No data was reported for this year.

60. No data was reported for this year.

61. No data was reported for this year.

62. No data was reported for this year.

63. This comes from the FBI Crime Data Explorer and is data reported from the New York City Police Department.

64. No data was reported for this year.

65. This comes from the FBI Crime Data Explorer and is data reported from the New York City Police Department.

66. No data was reported for this year.

67. This comes from the FBI Crime Data Explorer and is data reported from the New York City Police Department.

68. No data was reported for this year.

69. This comes from the FBI Crime Data Explorer and is data reported from the New York City Police Department.

70. No data was reported for this year.

71. This comes from the FBI Crime Data Explorer and is data reported from the New York City Police Department.

72. Data is only reported for the first seven months of the year in the FBI Crime Data Explorer.

73. This comes from the FBI Crime Data Explorer and is data reported from the New York City Police Department.

74. Data is only reported for the first seven months of the year in the FBI Crime Data Explorer.

75. "FBI Crime Data Explorer - Crime". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on November 9, 2025. Retrieved November 16, 2025.

76. "Crime". FBI Crime Data Explorer. Archived from the original on November 9, 2025. Retrieved November 22, 2025.

77. There is a gap in data from the FBI Crime Data Explorer for the first 6 months of 2021.

78. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

79. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

80. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

81. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

82. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

83. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

84. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

85. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

86. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

87. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

88. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

89. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

90. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

91. In the FBI Crime Explorer the data for this year is listed as being the same as last year.

92. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

93. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

94. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

95. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

96. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

97. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

98. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

99. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

100. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

101. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

102. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

103. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

104. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

105. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

106. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

107. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

108. No data is reported on the FBI Crime Data explorer under this category for this year in Chicago.

109. "Crime Dashboard". San Francisco Police Department. April 26, 2024. Retrieved November 16, 2025.

110. "FBI Crime Data Explorer". Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2025. Archived from the original on August 25, 2025. (Choose: Crime Select All Crimes; Location Select United States; Time Frame Custom; Start Date January 1985; End Date December 2024; Submit; Click menu above and to left of chart and choose Download as CSV; sum months in each year.)

111. Lopez, German (July 6, 2025). "Nearly Half of America's Murderers Get Away With It". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2025. "Source: Jeff Asher, F.B.I"

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114. "Arrests". FBI Crime Data Explorer. Retrieved August 29, 2025.

115. "Arrests by offense, age, and gender". www.ojjdp.gov. Retrieved December 20, 2022.

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117. Undocumented Immigrant Offending Rate Lower Than U.S.-Born Citizen Rate | National Institute of Justice https://docs.house.gov/meetings/JU/JU01/20250122/117827/HHRG-119-JU01-20250122-SD004.pdf

118. Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born US citizens in Texas Michael T. Light, Jingying He, and Jason P. Robey December 7, 2020, https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2014704117

119. Illegal Immigration and Crime in Texas By Alex Nowrasteh, Andrew C. Forrester, and Michelangelo Landgrave October 13, 2020, CATO WORKING PAPER https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/2020-10/working-paper-60.pdf

120. The mythical tie between immigration and crime Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) Krysten Crawford July 21, 2023, https://siepr.stanford.edu/news/mythical-tie-between-immigration-and-crime

121. Immigrants are significantly less likely to commit crimes than the U.S.-born Study finds over a 150-year period, immigrants have never been incarcerated at a greater rate than those born in the United States March 12, 2024 | By Stephanie Kulke https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/03/immigrants-are-significantly-less-likely-to-commit-crimes-than-the-us-born/

122. Light, Michael (2020). "Data and code for: Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born U.S. Citizens in Texas". ICPSR - Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research. doi:10.3886/E124923V1.

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Further reading

· Patrick Sharkey (2018). Uneasy Peace: The Great Crime Decline, the Renewal of City Life, and the Next War on Violence. National Geographic Books. ISBN 978-0393609608.

· Webster, DW & Vernick, JS (2013). Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis. ISBN 978-1421411101

External links

· National Crime Victimization Survey Data Dashboard (N-DASH) by Bureau of Justice Statistics

· Crime Data Explorer by FBI

· Felony Sentences in State Courts, study by the United States Department of Justice

· The Condemnation of Blackness: Lies We're Told About Crime (w/ Khalil Gibran Muhammad), from the Teach the Black Freedom struggle online series.

· How have crime rates in the United States changed over the last 50 years? by Our World in Data

CRIME INDEX – FROM WORLD POPULATION REVIEW: 2025

GOCI ComponentsNumbeo IndiciesNumbeo Indicies

@get explanation of the four Indices

AI Overview

+14

Visit Numbeo Cost of Living to view globally crowd-sourced economic statistics. Numbeo tracks multiple metrics rather than a single 'goci' (Global Organized Crime Index). The GOCI is maintained by the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, while Numbeo tracks localized Safety and Crime Indices Global Organized Crime Index. [1, 2, 3]

Key Numbeo Economic Metrics

Numbeo assesses local economies and urban standards based on the following index numbers: [1]

Cost of Living Index (Excl. Rent): Estimates relative prices of everyday consumer goods, groceries, and dining compared to a baseline (often New York City = 100) Understanding our Cost of Living Indexes. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Rent Index: Evaluates the average cost of renting apartments in a city compared to New York City Understanding our Cost of Living Indexes. [1, 2]
Local Purchasing Power: Indicates the relative purchasing power of residents in a specific city based on average net salaries Understanding our Cost of Living Indexes. [1]

Key Numbeo Quality of Life & Safety Metrics

Crime Index: Measures overall crime levels on a scale from 0 to 100 based on perceived safety, ranging from low (0–20) to very high (above 80) Understanding Crime Indexes. [1, 2, 3]
Safety Index: The inverse of the Crime Index; higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived security Understanding Quality of Life Indexes - Cost of Living. [1, 2, 3]

Myanmar

8.1 7.7 8.5 1.5

Colombia

7.8 7.4 8.2 5.5

Mexico

7.7 8.3 7.1 4.5

Ecuador

7.5 7.1 7.9 4.5

Paraguay

7.5 6.7 8.3 3.3

DR Congo

7.5 6.3 8.6 2.2

South Africa

7.4 7.2 7.7 5.7

Nigeria

7.3 7.3 7.3 5.5

Lebanon

7.3 6.6 8.0 3.1

Turkey

7.2 6.9 7.5 4.0

Kenya

7.2 7.3 7.1 5.2

Iraq

7.2 6.4 7.9 3.3

Honduras

7.1 6.1 8.1 3.9

Brazil

7.1 7.2 6.9 5.0

Libya

7.0 6.7 7.4 1.9

Central African Republic

7.0 6.0 8.1 2.1

Afghanistan

7.0 6.9 7.1 1.5

Cambodia

7.0 6.7 7.3 3.5

Syria

7.0 6.4 7.6 2.0

Venezuela

7.0 6.4 7.5 1.9

Panama

6.9 6.6 7.3 4.7

Russia

6.9 6.9 6.9 3.4

Iran

6.9 7.4 6.4 3.1

Indonesia

6.8 6.6 7.1 4.3

Guatemala

6.8 6.2 7.3 4.0

Uganda

6.7 6.5 6.8 3.7

Sudan

6.6 5.7 7.6 2.3

Yemen

6.6 5.8 7.5 1.9

Mozambique

6.6 6.4 6.9 3.3

Nepal

6.6 6.1 7.2 3.9

Peru

6.6 6.3 6.9 4.5

Vietnam

6.6 6.6 6.6 4.8

Philippines

6.6 6.4 6.7 4.5

Somalia

6.5 5.6 7.5 1.9

Malaysia

6.5 6.6 6.5 5.7

Haiti

6.5 6.3 6.8 2.2

Ukraine

6.5 6.4 6.5 4.5

South Sudan

6.4 5.3 7.5 2.0

Thailand

6.4 6.8 5.9 5.0

Italy

6.4 5.8 6.9 6.4

Laos

6.4 6.3 6.4 3.4

United Arab Emirates

6.3 7.0 5.7 5.1

Saudi Arabia

6.3 6.7 6.0 3.8

Mali

6.3 6.4 6.3 2.1

China

6.3 6.6 6.0 5.5

Pakistan

6.3 6.5 6.1 4.0

Cameroon

6.2 6.3 6.1 3.1

Serbia

6.2 5.7 6.7 4.9

Spain

6.0 5.9 6.2 6.7

Ethiopia

6.0 6.2 5.9 4.5

Burkina Faso

6.0 5.8 6.3 2.9

Chad

6.0 5.4 6.6 2.3

Tanzania

5.9 6.3 5.6 4.2

Niger

5.9 5.9 6.0 3.0

Jamaica

5.9 5.1 6.8 5.3

France

5.9 6.1 5.7 7.0

India

5.9 6.8 5.0 5.5

Costa Rica

5.9 5.6 6.2 5.6

United States

5.9 6.1 5.6 7.0

United Kingdom

5.9 5.6 6.1 7.6

Madagascar

5.8 5.5 6.2 3.3

Belarus

5.8 5.4 6.3 3.1

Montenegro

5.8 5.1 6.5 4.8

Ivory Coast

5.8 5.7 5.9 5.1

Papua New Guinea

5.8 5.5 6.1 3.2

Guyana

5.8 5.2 6.4 4.3

Ghana

5.8 6.0 5.5 5.3

Nicaragua

5.7 5.3 6.2 2.0

Liberia

5.7 5.3 6.0 3.4

Angola

5.6 5.3 5.9 4.2

Bulgaria

5.6 5.5 5.7 5.3

Zimbabwe

5.5 5.2 5.9 3.0

Greece

5.5 4.9 6.2 5.1

Moldova

5.5 5.0 6.1 4.1

Chile

5.5 5.4 5.6 6.2

El Salvador

5.5 5.1 5.8 3.3

Sierra Leone

5.4 4.9 5.9 4.0

Morocco

5.4 5.5 5.2 4.7

Tajikistan

5.4 4.7 6.0 2.5

Qatar

5.4 5.6 5.1 5.5

Germany

5.3 5.4 5.3 7.4

Bangladesh

5.3 5.2 5.4 4.1

Egypt

5.3 5.2 5.4 3.8

Argentina

5.3 5.0 5.5 5.7

Kyrgyzstan

5.3 4.9 5.6 3.8

Senegal

5.2 5.3 5.1 5.9

Togo

5.2 4.6 5.8 4.4

Trinidad and Tobago

5.2 4.9 5.5 5.1

Albania

5.2 4.9 5.5 5.2

Netherlands

5.2 5.3 5.0 7.4

Dominican Republic

5.2 5.3 5.0 4.9

Benin

5.2 5.2 5.1 3.8

Bolivia

5.1 5.0 5.2 4.6

Kuwait

5.1 5.6 4.6 5.4

Jordan

5.1 5.0 5.2 5.6

Israel

5.1 5.2 4.9 5.5

Guinea

5.0 4.9 5.2 3.0

Azerbaijan

5.0 4.3 5.8 4.0

Republic of the Congo

5.0 4.4 5.7 3.1

Croatia

5.0 4.8 5.2 5.9

North Macedonia

5.0 4.8 5.2 5.3

Algeria

5.0 5.3 4.6 4.3

Sri Lanka

5.0 4.8 5.1 3.7

Portugal

5.0 4.7 5.2 6.6

Ireland

5.0 5.1 4.8 7.4

Belize

5.0 4.5 5.4 3.6

Uzbekistan

4.9 4.6 5.3 3.8

Suriname

4.9 4.5 5.3 3.2

Guinea-Bissau

4.9 4.2 5.6 2.7

Malta

4.9 4.1 5.6 5.1

Djibouti

4.8 4.5 5.2 4.1

Romania

4.8 5.4 4.3 5.9

Belgium

4.8 5.5 4.1 7.2

Bahrain

4.8 5.1 4.5 5.3

Zambia

4.8 4.6 5.0 4.7

Slovakia

4.8 4.7 4.8 4.9

Burundi

4.7 4.7 4.8 2.3

Sweden

4.7 4.7 4.8 7.4

Gabon

4.7 4.5 4.9 3.5

North Korea

4.7 5.5 3.9 1.6

Tunisia

4.7 5.2 4.2 4.3

Poland

4.7 5.1 4.2 6.1

Switzerland

4.7 4.8 4.5 7.3

Hungary

4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8

Gambia

4.6 4.5 4.7 5.1

Czechia

4.5 4.8 4.3 6.5

Lesotho

4.5 3.7 5.3 3.9

Cyprus

4.5 4.1 4.9 4.5

Solomon Islands

4.5 3.6 5.4 4.7

Kazakhstan

4.5 4.5 4.4 4.7

Oman

4.5 4.9 4.0 5.3

Namibia

4.4 4.2 4.7 4.6

South Korea

4.4 3.6 5.2 8.0

Maldives

4.4 3.5 5.3 4.0

Mauritania

4.4 4.5 4.3 3.3

Equatorial Guinea

4.4 3.5 5.2 2.1

Turkmenistan

4.3 4.4 4.3 2.2

Austria

4.3 4.3 4.3 7.5

Slovenia

4.3 4.0 4.6 6.2

Japan

4.3 3.9 4.6 7.5

Eswatini

4.3 3.8 4.7 3.2

Mauritius

4.2 4.2 4.3 5.6

Canada

4.2 4.1 4.2 7.4

Malawi

4.2 4.5 3.8 4.4

Botswana

4.2 4.2 4.1 5.4

New Zealand

4.1 3.9 4.4 7.9

Denmark

4.1 4.3 3.9 8.2

Lithuania

4.1 4.1 4.1 7.4

Latvia

4.1 4.5 3.7 7.6

Cape Verde

4.1 3.6 4.6 6.5

Australia

4.1 4.4 3.7 7.5

Mongolia

4.0 3.9 4.2 5.3

Fiji

4.0 4.1 3.9 5.4

Timor-Leste

4.0 3.5 4.5 3.9

Eritrea

3.9 3.9 3.9 2.2

Bahamas

3.9 3.7 4.1 5.6

Rwanda

3.9 4.1 3.6 5.0

Georgia

3.9 3.8 3.9 5.0

Estonia

3.9 3.9 3.8 8.0

Norway

3.8 4.2 3.5 7.9

Comoros

3.8 3.7 4.0 2.6

Singapore

3.7 4.0 3.4 7.8

Seychelles

3.6 3.4 3.9 5.4

Uruguay

3.6 3.5 3.6 7.5

Bhutan

3.5 3.9 3.1 4.7

Tonga

3.4 3.0 3.8 5.2

Cuba

3.4 3.4 3.3 5.0

Saint Lucia

3.4 2.6 4.1 5.5

Finland

3.3 3.4 3.1 8.4

San Marino

3.1 2.0 4.2 5.3

Saint Kitts and Nevis

3.1 2.6 3.6 5.4

Iceland

3.0 3.0 3.1 8.2

Antigua and Barbuda

3.0 2.6 3.5 4.7

Armenia

3.0 3.1 2.9 5.6

Brunei

2.9 3.2 2.6 4.6

Barbados

2.9 2.5 3.3 6.1

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

2.9 2.5 3.2 5.4

Palau

2.8 2.8 2.9 5.1

Luxembourg

2.8 2.8 2.7 7.5

Grenada

2.7 2.4 3.0 5.2

Micronesia

2.7 2.5 2.9 5.5

Andorra

2.7 2.2 3.2 8.0

Monaco

2.6 1.7 3.5 5.8

Samoa

2.4 2.6 2.2 5.9

Vanuatu

2.3 2.5 2.2 4.9

Kiribati

2.3 2.4 2.3 4.5

Dominica

2.3 2.4 2.2 5.3

Marshall Islands

2.3 2.4 2.2 5.7

Liechtenstein

2.1 2.2 2.0 8.4

Sao Tome and Principe

1.8 1.9 1.7 4.8

Nauru

1.7 1.5 1.9 4.8

Tuvalu

1.5 1.7 1.4 5.9

HOMICIDE RATES via WIKI

Intentional homicide counts, and rates per 100,000 inhabitants.[2][3][4] ALPHABETIZED

Location Rate Year Count Year Region Subregion

Afghanistan *

4.032 2021 1,613 2021 Asia Southern Asia

Albania *

1.387 2023 49 2024 Europe Southern Europe

Algeria

1.161 2023 536 2023 Africa Northern Africa

American Samoa

0 2019 0 2019 Oceania Polynesia

Andorra

2.585 2020 2 2020 Europe Southern Europe

Angola

4.098 2016 1,196 2016 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Anguilla

29.136 2014 4 2014 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda *

10.716 2023 10 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Argentina *

4.493 2023 2,046 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Armenia *

2.208 2023 65 2023 Asia Western Asia

Aruba

1.935 2014 2 2014 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Australia *

0.854 2023 226 2023 Oceania Australia and New Zealand

Austria *

0.876 2023 80 2023 Europe Western Europe

Azerbaijan *

2.161 2023 206 2024 Asia Western Asia

Bahamas

32.198 2022 128 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Bahrain *

0.196 2022 3 2022 Asia Western Asia

Bangladesh *

2.342 2018 3,830 2018 Asia Southern Asia

Barbados

7.438 2023 21 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Belarus *

2.385 2019 225 2019 Europe Eastern Europe

Belgium *

1.080 2021 125 2021 Europe Western Europe

Belize *

28.058 2022 113 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Bermuda

6.183 2023 4 2023 Americas Northern America

Bhutan *

2.468 2020 19 2020 Asia Southern Asia

Bolivia *

4.418 2023 541 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1.224 2023 39 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Botswana

11.368 2021 273 2021 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Brazil *

19.275 2023 40,698 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

British Virgin Islands

8.166 2006 2 2006 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Brunei

0.486 2013 2 2013 Asia South-eastern Asia

Bulgaria *

1.089 2023 74 2023 Europe Eastern Europe

Burundi

5.650 2016 635 2016 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Cambodia *

1.820 2011 268 2011 Asia South-eastern Asia

Cameroon

6.760 2022 1,868 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Canada *

1.980 2023 778 2023 Americas Northern America

Cape Verde *

6.995 2020 36 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Cayman Islands

4.368 2020 3 2020 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Channel Islands

0 2010 0 2010 Europe Northern Europe

Chile *

6.348 2023 1,248 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

China *

0.502 2020 7,157 2020 Asia Eastern Asia

Colombia *

24.913 2023 13,035 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Cook Islands

3.556 2012 1 2012 Oceania Polynesia

Costa Rica *

17.745 2023 906 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Croatia

0.667 2023 26 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Cuba *

4.463 2019 500 2019 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Curaçao

16.920 2007 26 2007 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Cyprus *

0.818 2023 13 2024 Asia Western Asia

Czech Republic *

0.768 2023 83 2023 Europe Eastern Europe

Denmark *

0.841 2023 50 2023 Europe Northern Europe

Dominica

27.063 2023 18 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Dominican Republic *

10.917 2023 1,237 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Ecuador *

45.723 2023 8,221 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Egypt *

1.312 2017 1,360 2017 Africa Northern Africa

El Salvador *

7.898 2022 496 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Eritrea

15.608 2012 474 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Estonia *

1.536 2023 21 2023 Europe Northern Europe

Eswatini

12.515 2021 151 2021 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Ethiopia *

8.511 2012 8,153 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Fiji

2.056 2023 19 2023 Oceania Melanesia

Finland *

0.982 2023 55 2023 Europe Northern Europe

France *

1.335 2023 897 2024 Europe Western Europe

French Guiana

13.388 2020 39 2020 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

French Polynesia

0.371 2009 1 2009 Oceania Polynesia

Georgia *

2.028 2019 77 2019 Asia Western Asia

Germany *

0.911 2023 770 2023 Europe Western Europe

Ghana *

1.831 2022 607 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Gibraltar *

3.200 2010 0 2024 Europe Southern Europe

Greece *

0.840 2023 86 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Greenland *

5.351 2016 3 2016 Americas Northern America

Grenada

13.666 2023 16 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Guadeloupe *

5.684 2016 23 2016 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Guam

4.326 2019 7 2019 Oceania Micronesia

Guatemala *

23.366 2023 4,235 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Guinea-Bissau

1.119 2017 21 2017 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Guyana *

19.120 2023 158 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Haiti *

41.152 2023 4,789 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Holy See *

0 2023 0 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Honduras *

31.442 2023 3,347 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Hong Kong *

0.376 2023 28 2023 Asia Eastern Asia

Hungary *

0.723 2023 70 2023 Europe Eastern Europe

Iceland *

1.290 2023 5 2023 Europe Northern Europe

India *

2.815 2022 40,130 2022 Asia Southern Asia

Indonesia *

0.304 2022 847 2022 Asia South-eastern Asia

Iran *

2.375 2014 1,936 2014 Asia Southern Asia

Iraq

9.464 2013 3,339 2013 Asia Western Asia

Iraq (Central Iraq)

15.397 2021 5,459 2021 Asia Western Asia

Iraq. (Kurdistan Region)

2.246 2013 111 2013 Asia Western Asia

Ireland

0.654 2023 34 2023 Europe Northern Europe

Isle of Man

0 2016 0 2016 Europe Northern Europe

Israel *

1.626 2022 148 2022 Asia Western Asia

Italy *

0.568 2023 338 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Jamaica *

49.440 2023 1,404 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Japan *

0.229 2023 285 2023 Asia Eastern Asia

Jordan *

0.988 2023 113 2023 Asia Western Asia

Kazakhstan *

2.551 2022 511 2022 Asia Central Asia

Kenya *

4.872 2022 2,643 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Kiribati

7.125 2012 8 2012 Oceania Micronesia

Kosovo *

1.895 2021 33 2021 Europe Southern Europe

Kuwait *

0.250 2020 11 2020 Asia Western Asia

Latvia *

2.497 2023 47 2023 Europe Northern Europe

Lebanon

2.245 2020 128 2020 Asia Western Asia

Lesotho *

38.240 2008 752 2008 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Liberia *

3.087 2012 135 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Liechtenstein

5.122 2021 2 2021 Europe Western Europe

Lithuania

2.628 2023 75 2023 Europe Northern Europe

Luxembourg

1.531 2022 10 2022 Europe Western Europe

Macau *

0.560 2023 4 2023 Asia Eastern Asia

Malawi *

1.776 2012 279 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Malaysia *

0.734 2023 258 2023 Asia South-eastern Asia

Maldives *

0.615 2019 3 2019 Asia Southern Asia

Malta *

0.563 2023 3 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Marshall Islands

4.192 1994 2 1994 Oceania Micronesia

Martinique

2.753 2009 11 2009 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Mauritania *

1.000 2020 46 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Mauritius *

2.272 2022 29 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Mayotte

5.944 2009 12 2009 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Mexico *

24.859 2023 32,252 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Federated States of Micronesia

0.907 2019 1 2019 Oceania Micronesia

Moldova *

2.543 2023 78 2023 Europe Eastern Europe

Monaco

0 2008 0 2008 Europe Western Europe

Mongolia

5.915 2023 196 2024 Asia Eastern Asia

Montenegro *

0.789 2023 5 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Montserrat

0 2018 0 2018 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Morocco

1.705 2023 635 2024 Africa Northern Africa

Mozambique

3.590 2011 849 2011 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Myanmar *

2.575 2023 1,394 2023 Asia South-eastern Asia

Namibia *

11.208 2021 315 2021 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Nepal *

2.130 2020 617 2020 Asia Southern Asia

Netherlands

0.691 2023 125 2023 Europe Western Europe

New Caledonia

3.110 2009 8 2009 Oceania Melanesia

New Zealand *

1.461 2022 75 2022 Oceania Australia and New Zealand

Nicaragua

11.347 2021 754 2021 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Niger

4.418 2012 788 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Nigeria *

15.747 2023 35,884 2023 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

North Macedonia

1.529 2023 28 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Northern Ireland *

0.521 2023 10 2023 Europe Northern Europe

Norway *

0.725 2023 40 2023 Europe Northern Europe

Oman *

0.139 2023 7 2023 Asia Western Asia

Pakistan *

4.335 2023 10,729 2023 Asia Southern Asia

Palau

11.227 2018 2 2018 Oceania Micronesia

Palestine *

0.622 2022 33 2022 Asia Western Asia

Panama *

11.707 2023 522 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Papua New Guinea *

9.340 2010 713 2010 Oceania Melanesia

Paraguay *

6.780 2023 464 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Peru *

8.605 2021 2,853 2021 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Philippines *

4.348 2023 4,995 2023 Asia South-eastern Asia

Poland *

0.802 2023 311 2023 Europe Eastern Europe

Portugal *

0.720 2022 75 2022 Europe Southern Europe

Puerto Rico *

14.590 2023 489 2024 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Qatar *

0.069 2022 2 2022 Asia Western Asia

Réunion

1.789 2009 15 2009 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Romania *

1.109 2023 213 2024 Europe Eastern Europe

Russia *

6.765 2021 11,327 2024 Europe Eastern Europe

Rwanda

3.612 2020 472 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Saint Helena

0 2009 0 2009 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Saint Kitts and Nevis *

64.160 2023 30 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Saint Lucia *

39.044 2023 70 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Saint Martin

26.900 2016 10 2016 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

16.585 2009 1 2009 Americas Northern America

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

51.321 2023 52 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Samoa

6.263 2018 13 2018 Oceania Polynesia

San Marino

0 2011 0 2011 Europe Southern Europe

São Tomé and Príncipe

3.232 2011 6 2011 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Saudi Arabia *

0.935 2019 285 2019 Asia Western Asia

Scotland *

1.038 2023 57 2023 Europe Northern Europe

Serbia *

1.314 2023 89 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Seychelles

7.967 2022 10 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Sierra Leone

2.224 2020 176 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Singapore *

0.069 2023 4 2023 Asia South-eastern Asia

Slovakia *

1.124 2023 62 2023 Europe Eastern Europe

Slovenia *

0.566 2023 12 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Solomon Islands

3.734 2008 19 2008 Oceania Melanesia

South Africa *

43.720 2022 27,272 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

South Korea *

0.477 2023 247 2023 Asia Eastern Asia

South Sudan

13.983 2012 1,504 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Spain *

0.691 2023 331 2023 Europe Southern Europe

Sri Lanka *

3.311 2019 742 2019 Asia Southern Asia

Suriname *

6.519 2023 41 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Sweden *

1.147 2023 121 2023 Europe Northern Europe

Switzerland *

0.597 2023 53 2023 Europe Western Europe

Syria

2.059 2010 463 2010 Asia Western Asia

Tajikistan

0.892 2020 87 2020 Asia Central Asia

Tanzania

3.749 2020 2,286 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Thailand *

4.792 2011 3,307 2011 Asia South-eastern Asia

Timor-Leste

4.066 2015 49 2015 Asia South-eastern Asia

Tonga *

0.946 2019 1 2019 Oceania Polynesia

Trinidad and Tobago *

40.443 2022 605 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Tunisia

4.693 2020 562 2020 Africa Northern Africa

Turkey *

3.228 2023 2,817 2023 Asia Western Asia

Turkmenistan

1.014 2015 63 2015 Asia Central Asia

Turks and Caicos Islands

76.340 2022 35 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Tuvalu *

0 2019 0 2019 Oceania Polynesia

Uganda

8.973 2023 4,366 2023 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Ukraine *

3.777 2021 1,673 2021 Europe Eastern Europe

United Arab Emirates *

0.693 2022 71 2022 Asia Western Asia

United Kingdom (England and Wales) *

1.148 2021 684 2021 Europe Northern Europe

United States  * @GET

5.763 2023 19,796 2023 Americas Northern America

U.S. Virgin Islands

49.857 2012 52 2012 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Uruguay

11.245 2023 381 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Uzbekistan

1.399 2021 479 2021 Asia Central Asia

Vanuatu

0.335 2020 1 2020 Oceania Melanesia

Venezuela *

12.647 2022 3,568 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean

Vietnam *

1.535 2011 1,358 2011 Asia South-eastern Asia

Yemen *

5.810 2013 1,703 2013 Asia Western Asia

Zambia *

5.202 2015 853 2015 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Zimbabwe *

6.758 2022 1,086 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

ATTACHMENT NINE – FROM AI OVERVIEW x37

By Nations: Migration

The United States leads all nations in total foreign-born population, hosting roughly 52.4 million international migrants. It is followed by Germany (16.8 million) and Saudi Arabia (13.7 million). By proportion of total population, UAE (88%), Qatar (77%), and Kuwait (73%) have the highest shares.

Migration rankings vary depending on the specific metric tracked by global datasets:

Top Countries by Total Immigrant Population (Total Stock)

These nations house the highest absolute numbers of foreign-born individuals:

· 1. United States: 52.4 million

· 2. Germany: 16.8 million

· 3. Saudi Arabia: 13.7 million

· 4. United Kingdom: 11.8 million

· 5. France: 9.2 million

Top Countries by Percentage of Population

These are countries where international migrants make up the largest share of the total population, largely driven by labor frameworks like the kafala system:

· 1. United Arab Emirates: 88%

· 2. Qatar: 77%

· 3. Kuwait: 73%

· 4. Bahrain: 55%

3. FASTEST GROWTH IN IMMIGRATION

According to recent OECD trends, migration destinations are broadening. Countries with the sharpest increases in long-term permanent migration include:

· 1. Poland: +129% growth

· 2. Lithuania: +97% growth

· 3. Mexico: +79% growth

4. TOP COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN (WHERE MIGRANTS LEAVE)

The largest numbers of emigrants globally originate from heavily populated nations and regions impacted by conflict:

· 1. India: 18.5 million

· 2. China: 11.7 million

· 3. Mexico: 11.6 million

· 4. Ukraine: 9.8 million

· 5. Russia: 9.1 million

ATTACHMENT TEN – FROM GLOBALFIREPOWER.COM

2026 MILITARY STRENGTH RANKING

AI Overview

The Global Firepower (GFP) Index evaluates 145 countries using over 60 factors—including active manpower, equipment counts, logistics, and finances—to rank conventional military strength. The United States leads the rankings with a PowerIndex score of 0.0741, followed closely by Russia and China. [1, 2, 3, 4]

The top global powers are separated by extremely narrow margins, with their military strengths evaluated across several key categories: [1, 2, 3]

Rank	Country	PowerIndex Score	Key Strengths
1	United States	0.0741	13,043 aircraft, massive naval fleet, advanced AI, and cyber
2	Russia	0.1067	High tank/artillery counts, nuclear triad, and hypersonic tech
3	China	0.1132	Massive active military manpower and expanding naval/air capabilities
4	India	0.1539	High active personnel, large land force, and budget growth
5	South Korea	0.2365	Advanced technological base, strong air force, and robust reserves

The GFP index does not factor in nuclear stockpiles and focuses entirely on conventional, prolonged war-making potential. [1, 2]

The Global Firepower Index evaluates 2026 military power using over 60 factors—including equipment, personnel, logistics, and budget—to calculate a Power Index rating (where a score closer to 0.0000 is perfect). [1, 2, 3, 4]

STRONGEST OVERALL

The top 10 most powerful militaries globally, ranked by Power Index:

1. United States: 0.0741

2. Russia: 0.0791

3. China: 0.0919

4. India: 0.1346

5. South Korea: 0.1642

6. France: 0.1798

7. Japan: 0.1876

8. United Kingdom: 0.1881

9. Turkey: 0.1975

10. Italy: 0.2211

Also: (See full list as ATTACHMENT “@

15. Israel: 0.2707

16. Iran: 0.3199

51. Venezuela 0.9106

65. Cuba 1.355

144. Belize: 4.3602

145. Bhutan 5.7991

WHAT IS THE STRONGEST NATO COUNTRY?

AI Overview

The United States is by far the strongest NATO country, dominating the alliance in military spending, personnel, and technological capabilities like advanced AI defense systems. The U.S. accounts for over half of NATO's total combined military spending and maintains the largest active-duty force and nuclear arsenal in the alliance.Key details of top NATO military powers:United States: Ranks #1 globally and within NATO on the Global Firepower Index, possessing over 1.3 million active military personnel and more than 13,000 aircraft.

France: Routinely ranked as the strongest military power in Europe, backed by a robust, expeditionary land army, an independent nuclear deterrent, and a strong domestic defense industry.

United Kingdom: Possesses formidable global reach, advanced naval capabilities, and significant nuclear and cyber assets.

Turkey (Türkiye): Maintains the second-largest standing armed forces in NATO and a highly capable, combat-tested military in the region

WHAT IS THE WEAKEST NATO COUNTRY?

AI Overview

Iceland is widely considered the weakest country in NATO in terms of conventional military strength, largely because it is the only member of the alliance that does not maintain a standing army. (Wikipedia)

While Iceland does not have a typical military, its strategic geographic position in the North Atlantic is vital for alliance surveillance, and it maintains a coast guard alongside civilian air defense systems.

Other NATO members that consistently rank at the bottom of the alliance's military power index due to their small size, limited equipment, and smaller populations include:

Luxembourg (A small professional force of around 900 active personnel)

Montenegro (An active military of roughly 2,300 personnel)

North Macedonia (An active force of roughly 9,000 personnel)

NUCLEAR STOCKPILES

AI Overview

There are an estimated 12,187 nuclear warheads globally as of early 2026, with roughly 9,745 active warheads in military stockpiles. Russia and the United States hold approximately 83% of all weapons, while countries like China are rapidly modernizing and expanding their nuclear inventories.

Here is the global nuclear stockpile index, based on estimates from the Arms Control Association and SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) Yearbook 2026:

Country	Estimated Total Inventory	Military Stockpile	Status
Russia	~5,400 to 5,500	~4,300 to 4,500	Flat or slightly increasing
United States	~5,000 to 5,050	~3,700	Declining
China	~600 to 620	~600 to 620	Rapidly expanding
France	~290	~290	Stable
United Kingdom	~225	~225	Stable
Pakistan	~170 to 180	~170 to 180	Expanding
India	~170 to 180	~170 to 180	Expanding
Israel	~90	~90	Declared ambiguity
North Korea	~50 to 60	~50 to 60	Expanding

Note: Total inventory figures typically include stored/reserve warheads, plus any retired warheads queued for dismantlement that remain intact.

FROM GLOBALFIREPOWER.COM

2026 Military Strength Ranking

Ranking the nations of the world based on current available firepower.

1 United States PwrIndx: 0.0741

2 Russia PwrIndx: 0.0791

@GET CORRECT

3 China

PwrIndx: 0.0919

India

PwrIndx: 0.1346

South Korea

PwrIndx: 0.1642

France

PwrIndx: 0.1798

Japan

PwrIndx: 0.1876

United Kingdom

PwrIndx: 0.1881

Turkiye

PwrIndx: 0.1975

Italy

PwrIndx: 0.2211

Brazil

PwrIndx: 0.2374

Germany

PwrIndx: 0.2463

Indonesia

PwrIndx: 0.2582

Pakistan

PwrIndx: 0.2626

Israel

PwrIndx: 0.2707

Iran

PwrIndx: 0.3199

Australia

PwrIndx: 0.3208

Spain

PwrIndx: 0.3247

Egypt

PwrIndx: 0.3651

Ukraine

PwrIndx: 0.3691

Poland

PwrIndx: 0.3891

Taiwan

PwrIndx: 0.3927

Vietnam

PwrIndx: 0.4066

Thailand

PwrIndx: 0.4458

Saudi Arabia

PwrIndx: 0.4473

Sweden

PwrIndx: 0.4834

Algeria

PwrIndx: 0.4849

Canada

PwrIndx: 0.5269

Singapore

PwrIndx: 0.5272

Greece

PwrIndx: 0.5484

North Korea

PwrIndx: 0.5933

Argentina

PwrIndx: 0.5983

Nigeria

PwrIndx: 0.6097

Netherlands

PwrIndx: 0.6142

Myanmar

PwrIndx: 0.6265

Mexico

PwrIndx: 0.6401

Bangladesh

PwrIndx: 0.6517

Portugal

PwrIndx: 0.6659

Norway

PwrIndx: 0.6679

South Africa

PwrIndx: 0.6843

Philippines

PwrIndx: 0.6993

Malaysia

PwrIndx: 0.7379

Colombia

PwrIndx: 0.7551

Iraq

PwrIndx: 0.8115

Denmark

PwrIndx: 0.8198

Switzerland

PwrIndx: 0.8396

Ethiopia

PwrIndx: 0.8525

Finland

PwrIndx: 0.8673

Chile

PwrIndx: 0.8704

Peru

PwrIndx: 0.8827

Venezuela

PwrIndx: 0.9106

Romania

PwrIndx: 0.9558

Uzbekistan

PwrIndx: 0.9908

United Arab Emirates

PwrIndx: 1.0188

Czechia

PwrIndx: 1.0313

Morocco

PwrIndx: 1.0368

Hungary

PwrIndx: 1.0429

Kazakhstan

PwrIndx: 1.0433

Angola

PwrIndx: 1.1045

Azerbaijan

PwrIndx: 1.1991

Belgium

PwrIndx: 1.2201

Bulgaria

PwrIndx: 1.2522

Serbia

PwrIndx: 1.2938

Democratic Republic of the Congo

PwrIndx: 1.3051

Cuba

PwrIndx: 1.3345

Sudan

PwrIndx: 1.3563

Austria

PwrIndx: 1.3759

Sri Lanka

PwrIndx: 1.3822

Slovakia

PwrIndx: 1.3911

Belarus

PwrIndx: 1.4072

Qatar

PwrIndx: 1.4096

Ecuador

PwrIndx: 1.4479

Croatia

PwrIndx: 1.5432

Jordan

PwrIndx: 1.5581

Bahrain

PwrIndx: 1.6731

Kuwait

PwrIndx: 1.7161

Albania

PwrIndx: 1.7258

Turkmenistan

PwrIndx: 1.7459

Tunisia

PwrIndx: 1.7823

Libya

PwrIndx: 1.7872

Paraguay

PwrIndx: 1.7974

Bolivia

PwrIndx: 1.8301

Cambodia

PwrIndx: 1.8434

Kenya

PwrIndx: 1.8588

Chad

PwrIndx: 1.8594

Oman

PwrIndx: 1.8823

Syria

PwrIndx: 1.8861

Lithuania

PwrIndx: 1.8949

Tanzania

PwrIndx: 1.9111

New Zealand

PwrIndx: 1.9258

Slovenia

PwrIndx: 1.9404

Mozambique

PwrIndx: 1.9769

Mongolia

PwrIndx: 1.9987

Ireland

PwrIndx: 2.0661

Georgia

PwrIndx: 2.0779

Guatemala

PwrIndx: 2.1277

Uruguay

PwrIndx: 2.1537

Yemen

PwrIndx: 2.1617

Cameroon

PwrIndx: 2.1689

100

Tajikistan

PwrIndx: 2.1749

101

Armenia

PwrIndx: 2.2016

102

Latvia

PwrIndx: 2.2316

103

Honduras

PwrIndx: 2.2575

104

Mali

PwrIndx: 2.2598

105

Zimbabwe

PwrIndx: 2.2801

106

Estonia

PwrIndx: 2.3201

107

Uganda

PwrIndx: 2.3252

108

Ivory Coast

PwrIndx: 2.3884

109

Kyrgyzstan

PwrIndx: 2.3969

110

Luxembourg

PwrIndx: 2.4429

111

Zambia

PwrIndx: 2.4461

112

Ghana

PwrIndx: 2.4566

113

South Sudan

PwrIndx: 2.4645

114

North Macedonia

PwrIndx: 2.4956

115

Dominican Republic

PwrIndx: 2.5853

116

Nicaragua

PwrIndx: 2.5894

117

Republic of the Congo

PwrIndx: 2.6259

118

Lebanon

PwrIndx: 2.6521

119

Eritrea

PwrIndx: 2.6841

120

Niger

PwrIndx: 2.6867

121

Afghanistan

PwrIndx: 2.7342

122

Namibia

PwrIndx: 2.7414

123

Mauritania

PwrIndx: 2.7919

124

Nepal

PwrIndx: 2.8037

125

Laos

PwrIndx: 2.8672

126

Senegal

PwrIndx: 2.8925

127

Burkina Faso

PwrIndx: 2.9213

128

Montenegro

PwrIndx: 2.9782

129

El Salvador

PwrIndx: 2.9973

130

Botswana

PwrIndx: 2.9993

131

Madagascar

PwrIndx: 3.0381

132

Gabon

PwrIndx: 3.0432

133

Bosnia and Herzegovina

PwrIndx: 3.1291

134

Iceland

PwrIndx: 3.4013

What is the weakest NATO country (from ABOVE)?

AI Overview

Iceland is widely considered the weakest country in NATO in terms of conventional military strength, largely because it is the only member of the alliance that does not maintain a standing army.

From Wikipedia +1

Other NATO members that consistently rank at the bottom of the alliance's military power index due to their small size, limited equipment, and smaller populations include:

From Business Insider Africa

· Luxembourg (A small professional force of around 900 active personnel)

· Montenegro (An active military of roughly 2,300 personnel)

· North Macedonia (An active force of roughly 9,000 personnel)

135

Panama

PwrIndx: 3.5011

136

Moldova

PwrIndx: 3.6225

137

Somalia

PwrIndx: 3.7393

138

Benin

PwrIndx: 3.8963

139

Kosovo

PwrIndx: 3.8041

140

Sierra Leone

PwrIndx: 3.9201

141

Liberia

PwrIndx: 3.9275

142

Suriname

PwrIndx: 4.0538

143 Central African Republic PwrIndx: 4.2381

144 BelizePwrIndx: 4.3602

145 Bhutan PwrIndx: 5.7991

ATTACHMENT ELEVEN – FROM THE ECONOMIST

THE WORLD’S MOST, AND LEAST, LIVEABLE CITIES IN 2026

See how 173 cities compare in EIU’s annual ranking

Jul 6th 2026|2 min read

FOR A CERTAIN type of person, Dubai had it all. Vast, air-conditioned shopping malls, good schools for the kids, low rainfall and even lower taxes. Before the Iran war, it was exceptionally safe too. But cities across the Gulf have recently become much less appealing for expats. In fact, no other region’s liveability has taken such a big hit this year, according to an annual index by EIU, our sister company.

The ranking is designed to help HR departments calculate hardship allowances for overseas staff. It scores 173 cities across five categories: health care, culture and environment, education, infrastructure and stability.

The most liveable city in the world this year? Copenhagen, which can celebrate its second consecutive year at the top. Vienna and Melbourne are close runners-up. Vancouver (9th) is the only city in North America to reach the top ten; Tokyo (10th) is the only megacity to make the cut. (Congested roads and crime tend to punish the index’s biggest cities).

Damascus, Syria’s war-torn capital, remains at the bottom, where it has sat since 2013. Tehran, another capital ravaged by war, fell two places and into the bottom ten. All of this year’s steepest falls were in the Middle East. After a series of Iranian drone strikes, Muscat fell 14 places to 123rd—the biggest drop of all. Doha, a magnet for expats, dropped seven spots to 108th. Dubai and Abu Dhabi each fell four places to 79th and 76th, respectively.

China led the improvers. After years of public investment, every Chinese city in the index raised its health-care score. Improvements include expanded health coverage and progress towards a government target to have medical facilities accessible within a 15-minute walk of every resident.

Chinese shopping malls even rival Dubai’s. But the country’s rankings are held back by a culture of surveillance and environmental problems. China is also one of the lowest-ranked countries in EIU’s democracy index. It is unlikely to draw an influx of tax-averse Westerners any time soon.■

REMAINDER PAYWALLED.

ARTICLES

ATTACHMENT TWELVE – FROM THE ECONOMIST (Conform, GET URLS)

July 11th 2026

The Economist This Weekend

Alex Selby-Boothroyd

Head of data journalism

A year ago in this newsletter I wrote, “It will be a relief if the [liveable-cities] index in 2026 shows that the world remains as liveable as it is now.” In a way I got my wish: the latest global average liveability score held steady at 76.1 out of 100, the same as in 2025. But drill down into the regions and it looks less stable.

Cities across the Middle East, from Doha to Dubai, dropped down the ranking after they were caught up in the Iran war. Muscat, Oman’s capital, performed the worst, plummeting 14 places. And war-torn Tehran joined war-torn Damascus in the bottom ten. Health-care improvements in every Chinese city in the index helped balance out these plunging scores. As much as I’d love to predict an improvement in liveability over the coming year, given the volatility in the Middle East I’d settle for an uneventful year of stolidity.

Editor’s picks

A selection of must-read articles

On the move

The world’s most, and least, liveable cities in 2026

See how 173 cities compare in EIU’s annual ranking

New oases

Where expat escapees from Dubai end up

Will they ever return?

Turning a corner

Global democracy is in better shape than you think

EIU’s annual index suggests an end to the democracy recession

Sprawl for all

Africa’s new middle class is putting down roots in the suburbs

For a glimpse of the continent’s future, visit the edges of its burgeoning cities

Crumbling schools, empty coffers

Why Germany’s cities are going broke

Bad news for residents, good news for the far right’s electoral chances

Chaguan

Comfort meets constraint in China’s most “liveable” city

A high-income, low-pressure existence is not all it’s cracked up to be

ATTACHMENT THIRTEEN – FROM USA TODAY

IS YOUR CITY THE FITTEST IN AMERICA? FIND OUT IN THIS 2026 RANKING.

BY Ken Alltucker Updated July 14, 2026, 12:41 p.m. ET

The 2026 American Fitness Index ranking shows Arlington, Virginia as the fittest city for the ninth consecutive year, while highlighting lower obesity and chronic disease rates in top cities and a rising food insecurity problem nationwide.

People in the nation's fittest cities are more likely to take brisk walks or routinely hit the gym. They are also have lower rates of obesity and chronic disease.

But cities that cultivate a healthy community play an equally important role. Cities that consistently rank among the nation's fittest on the ACSM American Fitness Index promote physical activity with parks, trails, access to public transportation and strong environmental marks.

Even among the healthiest cities, food insecurity is a growing concern, according to the report.

The annual fitness index, published July 14 by American College of Sports Medicine and Elevance Health Foundation, ranks the nation's 100 most populous cities on personal health and community/environmental health indicators.

Arlington, Virginia, ranked as the nation's fittest city for the ninth year in a row. Washington, DC, checked in at No. 2, followed by Minneapolis, Seattle and Denver. Oklahoma City ranked at the bottom of the list. Memphis; Port St. Lucie, Florida; Indianapolis and Lubbock, Texas rounded out the bottom five on the ranking.

Stella Volpe, who chairs the ACSM fitness index advisory board, said the report revealed a growing gap between the healthiest and least healthy cities.

Residents of high-scoring cities had lower obesity and chronic disease rates, higher physical activity and better access to walking and biking trails, public parks and public transportation. The opposite is true in communities that score poorly, Volpe said.

"If we have greater access to parks and playgrounds, where we can maybe do pull-ups outside, or greater walkability in our cities, those things will resonate," Volpe said. "But if your city is one where there are barriers to get to those places, it's not going to resonate."

FOOD INSECURITY WORSENS IN ALL BUT ONE CITY

Every major city except Santa Ana, located in Orange County, California, reported worsening rates of food insecurity. Food insecurity is when people can't get or don't think they can get nutritionally adequate and safe foods due to money or geography constraints. On average, food insecurity rates climbed 1.5 percentage points, increasing from 12.9% in 2025 to 14.4% in 2026.

Rising grocery prices make it difficult for a larger share of Americans to pay for healthy and nutritious food. And changes under President Donald Trump's signature 2025 tax cut and spending bill also changed food assistance eligibility for low-income families.

The 2025 bill reduced funding for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as Food Stamps, which provides food aid for millions of families. The federally-funded, state-administered program also has imposed stricter work requirements for recipients.

"Households who qualify for SNAP have very little income that is stretched to pay rent and childcare and to put gas in the car," said Stacy Dean, executive director of the Global Food Institute at George Washington University. "SNAP was bringing groceries through the door. I'm deeply concerned about what's happening to families as they juggle one more very difficult challenge in their lives."

Dean said SNAP changes under Congressional Republican-backed "One Big Beautiful Bill" are the largest since 1996 during President Bill Clinton's administration. But she said many families benefitted from a strong U.S. economy in the late 1990s to get higher-paying jobs so they were no longer SNAP eligible.

For many families, that's likely not happening now, Dean said.

"Nobody is confident that families are leaving (SNAP) because they're better off," said Dean, who was the deputy undersecretary at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's food, nutrition and consumer services division during President Joe Biden's administration.

AIR QUALITY LIMITS OUTDOOR ACTIVITY?

The index also ranked cities by percentage of good air quality days and asthma rates. While about 1 in 10 adults in the 100 largest cities had asthma, rates varied threefold in communities. Greensboro, North Carolina, has the highest asthma rate at 15.4%, according to the index.

People with asthma and other respiratory conditions might struggle to stay fit in cities with poorer air quality. Air pollutants can disrupt breathing and trigger asthma symptoms when people try to exercise outdoors.

Older adults with asthma often are less active than their peers, but the index report noted the importance of being active to improve overall health and quality of life. People with asthma who stay active are less likely to be hospitalized, miss school or need a medical visit to manage symptoms, the index said.

The index report suggested everyone, including those with asthma, might consider checking air quality index to adjust exercise or other activity schedules. Some people might want to exercise early mornings or in the evening when pollution levels are lower. Others might find it safer to walk or work out indoors.

THESE CITIES MADE THE BIGGEST GAINS

Richmond, Virginia, made the biggest gain in the ranking, moving up 20 spots to rank as the nation's 20th fittest city. Other cities that made large gains included Charlotte, North Carolina, up 19 spots to No. 42; Virginia Beach moved up 18 spots to No. 61; Durham, North Carolina jumped 17 spots to No. 49.

Volpe said the annual ranking is meant to celebrate cities that score well - but also encourage lower-ranking cities to make small changes to improve community activity levels.

"Exercise is medicine," Volpe said. "Physical activity really can decrease our risk of chronic disease, and any movement is better than none."

2026 RANKINGS

Explore the city comparison tool to access the rankings, scores, data, and methods, and to discover how

your city can help residents lead a healthy, active lifestyle: https://americanfitnessindex.org/.

1) Personal health rank

2) Community environment rank

1 Arlington, VA 1 3

2 Washington, D.C. 3 1

3 Minneapolis, MN 7 2

4 Seattle, WA 2 17

5 Denver, CO 8 7

6 San Francisco, CA 13 9

7 Irvine, CA 14 13

8 Atlanta, GA 12 19

9 Madison, WI 15 16

10 Boston, MA 16 14

11 San Diego, CA 5 36

12 Plano, TX 10 30

13 Oakland, CA 11 31

14 St. Paul, MN 30 5

15 San Jose, CA 4 53

16 Boise, ID 23 22

17 Lincoln, NE 24 29

18 Albuquerque, NM 41 11

19 Chicago, IL 43 12

20 Richmond, VA 40 18

21 Chula Vista, CA 6 78

22.5 Pittsburgh, PA 62 4

22.5 Sacramento, CA 42 20

24 Buffalo, NY 47.5 15

25 Honolulu, HI 29 32

26 New York, NY 25 35

27 Cincinnati, OH 65 6

28 Austin, TX 19 55

29 Portland, OR 39 33

30 Omaha, NE 49 24

31 Aurora, CO 22 57

32 Frisco, TX 9 94

33.5 Raleigh, NC 31 43

33.5 Long Beach, CA 36 38

35 Santa Ana, CA 20 71

36 Newark, NJ 28 51

37 Tampa, FL 58 28

38 Jersey City, NJ 34 45

39 Miami, FL 47.5 34

40 Colorado Springs, CO 32 48

41 Cleveland, OH 66 21

42 Charlotte, NC 18 84

43 Dallas, TX 35 47

44 Houston, TX 26 64

45 St. Petersburg, FL 63 27

46 Milwaukee, WI 76 8

47 Anaheim, CA 17 90

48 Scottsdale, AZ 52 37

49 Durham, NC 21 86

50 Winston-Salem, NC 27 67

51 Anchorage, AK 44 46

52 Columbus, OH 60 40

53 Reno, NV 38 63

54 Philadelphia, PA 84 10

55 Los Angeles, CA 33 74

56 Baltimore, MD 78 23

57 New Orleans, LA 79 26

58 Phoenix, AZ 53 60

59 Glendale, AZ 50 62

60 St. Louis, MO 81 25

61 Virginia Beach, VA 64 49

62 Cape Coral, FL 37 91

63 Riverside, CA 56 70

64 Orlando, FL 68 52

65 Nashville, TN 59 68

66 Chandler, AZ 55 75

67 Hialeah, FL 57 81

68 Mesa, AZ 54 88

69 Fort Worth, TX 45 97

70 Gilbert, AZ 46 96

71 Lexington, KY 67 69

72 Garland, TX 51 95

73 Tucson, AZ 82 44

74 Fresno, CA 61 85

75 El Paso, TX 77 56

76 Henderson, NV 88 39

77 Greensboro, NC 73 65.5

78 Arlington, TX 70 76.5

79 Fort Wayne, IN 69 82

80 San Antonio, TX 72 79

81 Toledo, OH 94 41

82 Kansas City, MO 92 42

83 Corpus Christi, TX 75 80

84 Jacksonville, FL 91 50

85 Stockton, CA 74 83

86 Irving, TX 71 93

87 Las Vegas, NV 87 61

88 Laredo, TX 83 73

89 Chesapeake, VA 93 59

90 North Las Vegas, NV 86 76.5

91 Tulsa, OK 99 58

92 Detroit, MI 100 54

93 Wichita, KS 95 72

94 Louisville, KY 98 65.5

95 Bakersfield, CA 89 89

96 Lubbock, TX 85 99

97 Indianapolis, IN 90 92

98 Port St. Lucie, FL 80 100

99 Memphis, TN 96 87

100 Oklahoma City, OK 97 98

2026 Rankings

Data Sources

The Fitness Index uses a variety of data sources to calculate the annual scores and rankings.

• 2024 American Community Survey — U.S. Census

• 2021-2024 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, County Data — CDC

• 2024 Environmental Protection Agency

• 2023 Map the Meal Gap — Feeding America®

• 2023 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

• 2025 Smart Growth America/ National Complete Streets Coalition

• 2025 Trust for the Public Land — City Park Facts and ParkScore®

• 2025 Walk Score®

and Bike Score®

ATTACHMENT FOURTEEN – POLLS and PEANUT GALLERIES FROM AI OVERVIEW

PUBLIC OPINIONS REGARDING WHETHER AMERICA IS THE BEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD ARE DEEPLY DIVIDED, WITH RECENT POLLS INDICATING THAT ONLY ABOUT 30% TO 41% OF AMERICANS CONSIDER THE U.S. THE ABSOLUTE GREATEST COUNTRY ON EARTH.

From Reuters

DIVERGENT VIEWS

PATRIOTIC & OPTIMISTIC PERSPECTIVES: Proponents frequently cite historical achievements, enduring principles of liberty, technological innovation, economic strength, and the persistent draw of the "American Dream" of opportunity.

From Facebook for ·GOLF.com

CRITICAL & PESSIMISTIC PERSPECTIVES: Skeptics point to significant systemic challenges, including high costs of healthcare, gun violence, income inequality, and lower life expectancy compared to other wealthy nations. According to a June 2026 poll by The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, a majority of respondents believe the American Dream no longer works, and around 59% feel the country's best years are in the past.

USA Today

POLITICAL AND GENERATIONAL DIVIDES

Political views: Opinions are heavily influenced by partisanship. Recent Reuters/Ipsos polling indicates that around six in 10 Republicans see America as a global standout, whereas only 11% of Democrats share this view.

Reuters

AGE DIFFERENCES: Confidence in the U.S. system is particularly weak among younger generations. A survey published by Anadolu Agency found that 44% of respondents under the age of 30 believe other countries are better.

Anadolu Ajansı (Turkey)

To review how the United States objectively ranks in global comparisons, you can consult the official U.S. News Best Countries Rankings.

ATTACHMENT FIFTEEN – FROM US NEWS

OVERVIEW OF UNITED STATES

Capital

Washington, D.C.

Region

North America

GDP Per Capita, PPP

$85,810

GDP

$29.2 trillion

Population

340.1 million

Land Area

9.1 million sq. km

The United States of America is a North American nation that is the world’s most dominant economic and military power. Likewise, its cultural imprint spans the world, led in large part by its popular culture expressed in music, movies and television.

The American colonies declared independence from the British Empire in 1776 and were recognized as a new nation in 1783. The country nearly split in two during a civil war in the mid-1800s, but regained its footing in the 20th century, during which time it was on the winning side of both world wars.

The U.S. is a constitution-based federal republic composed of 50 states. The U.S. economy is the world’s largest in terms of gross domestic product, and also the most technologically powerful. The country’s significant exports include computers and electrical machinery, vehicles, chemical products, food, live animals and military equipment. The U.S. also has significant natural resources: It is the world’s leading producer of both oil and natural gas, and has the world’s largest coal reserves.

READ MORE

The U.S. is culturally and racially diverse, and was shaped by large waves of immigration from Europe and beyond. American literature, art and music reflect the rich heritage of the country’s people. The media industry in the U.S. has a global audience, with its television shows, music videos and films distributed worldwide.

The country is home to some of the top universities in the world, including Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Despite being a dominant global power, the U.S. still faces domestic challenges, including racial tensions, income inequality and an increasingly polarized electorate. National security is a concern, as is the debt incurred from wars and expenditures on an aging population. The U.S. leads the developed world in deaths due to firearms.

The U.S. often takes a leading role in international organizations, and was a founding force behind institutions such as the United Nations, NATO and the World Bank.

United States Rankings

#18

Overall Rank

CategoryRankScore

69.8

Overall Score

Read our methodology to see how the scores and rankings were calculated.

Rankings
Civic Health	61.2	#41
Culture & Tourism	78.3	#1
Economic Development	83.9	#2
Governance	73.2	#17
Health	71.1	#33
Infrastructure	71.3	#39
Natural Environment	54.0	#72
Opportunity	64.5	#15

Civic Health

61.2

#41

Culture & Tourism

78.3

Economic Development

83.9

Governance

73.2

#17

Health

71.1

#33

Infrastructure

71.3

#39

Natural Environment

54.0

#72

Opportunity

64.5

#15

Civic Health

#41

Ranking

61.2

Score

See all of the Best Countries for Civic Health.

Score

Attributes

Anxiety

58.4

Drug Overdose

79.2

Freedom of Expression

74.0

Generalized Trust

57.1

Happiness

78.0

Homicide

32.6

Income Inequality

40.8

Liberal Democracy

64.3

Societal Participation

98.2

Terrorism

62.1

Unsentenced Prisoners

68.4

Voter Turnout

62.4

26.9%

as % of prison population

Unsentenced Prisoners

5.8

per 100,000 residents

Homicide Rate

Culture & Tourism

Ranking

78.3

Score

See all of the Best Countries for Culture & Tourism.

Score

Attributes

Creative Exports

100.0

Intellectual Property

100.0

Linguistic Diversity

37.5

Museums

82.3

Nobel Laureates

100.0

Tourist Attractions

86.4

Vacation Destinations

72.4

World Heritage Sites

4.7

$341B

Creative Exports

Economic Development

Ranking

83.9

Score

See all of the Best Countries for Economic Development.

Score

Attributes

GDP

90.0

GDP Productivity

21.1

High-Tech Exports

92.8

Income

94.0

Market Size

97.0

Patent Activity

85.3

Poverty

96.8

R&D

75.1

Research Output

71.7

$232.9B

High-Tech Exports

1.2%

(less than $3 per day)

Poverty Rate

Governance

#17

Ranking

73.2

Score

See all of the Best Countries for Governance.

Score

Attributes

Corruption Perceptions

66.6

Debt Service

51.5

Diplomatic Centrality

100.0

Economic Diversity

76.4

GDP Growth Volatility

70.5

Government Debt

21.9

Government Effectiveness

73.2

Inflation Volatility

90.2

Passport Strength (Henley)

92.1

Political Violence

100.0

Regime Turnover

86.5

Rule of Law

82.7

Tax Revenue

33.8

Treaty Participation

35.2

1.0%

as % of GDP

Government Debt

Health

#33

Ranking

71.1

Score

See all of the Best Countries for Health.

Score

Attributes

Disease Detection

78.2

Epidemic Mortality

74.7

Healthcare Efficiency

60.6

Healthy Life Expectancy

57.0

Hospital Beds

23.2

Immunization Coverage

86.8

Infant Mortality

91.0

Life Expectancy

76.5

Maternal Mortality

60.5

Medical Research

63.4

Out-of-Pocket Spending

93.8

Physicians

55.3

Universal Health Coverage

91.8

3.7

per 1,000 residents

Physicians

78.4

years

Life Expectancy

5.5

deaths per 1,000 births

Infant Mortality

Infrastructure

#39

Ranking

71.3

Score

See all of the Best Countries for Infrastructure.

Score

Attributes

Broadband Speed

72.7

Cybersecurity

99.9

Disaster Exposure

63.6

Drinking Water

99.9

Earthquake Exposure

72.0

Electricity Access

100.0

Energy Independence

52.0

Flood Exposure

57.3

Grid Access

48.8

Grid Reliability

73.8

Internet Adoption

89.9

Internet Affordability

58.2

Logistics Performance

77.5

Public Transit

51.5

Renewable Electricity

34.9

Road Density

60.4

Road Traffic Injury

21.4

Sanitation

99.3

99.6%

Basic Sanitation Coverage

308.1

Mbps

Broadband Speed

-9.0%

of total energy use

Energy Imports

Natural Environment

#72

Ranking

54.0

Score

See all of the Best Countries for Natural Environment.

Score

Attributes

Air Quality

93.3

Carbon Emissions

30.9

Deforestation

66.5

Light Pollution

94.7

Natural Attractions

68.0

Protected Areas

71.5

Species Richness

22.3

Sustainable Trade

3.7

Urban Green Space

37.9

Water Stress

51.1

15.8%

of country area

Protected Natural Areas

9.8

micrograms per cubic meter

Particulate Matter (Air)

Opportunity

#15

Ranking

64.5

Score

See all of the Best Countries for Opportunity.

Ranking Score by Attributes

Business Formation

—

Corporate Taxation

32.3

Credit Access

100.0

Data Skills

—

Education Expenditure

73.1

Educational Attainment

74.3

Foreign Direct Investment

41.2

Income Taxation

36.6

Informal Economy

—

Labor Income

60.0

NEETs

75.2

Regulatory Quality

77.3

Social Protection Systems

78.1

Unemployment

49.4

Universities

47.5

Years of Schooling

96.6

Average Length of Schooling: 13.9 Years

ATTACHMENT SIXTEEN – FROM ANADOLU AJANSI (TURKEY)

POLL FINDS FEWER AMERICANS VIEW US AS WORLD'S GREATEST COUNTRY

Nearly 30% say other countries are better than US, up from 19% in 2016

By Anadolu staff 08 June 2026•Update: 08 June 2026

WASHINGTON

A growing share of Americans no longer view the United States as uniquely superior to other nations, according to a survey that points to rising concerns about the country's future and waning faith in long-held national ideals.

The poll, conducted by The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, found that only about one-quarter of Americans believe the United States is better than every other country in the world.

The largest group of respondents, 44%, described the United States as "one of the greatest countries in the world, along with some others."

Nearly 30% said there are countries that are better than the United States, up from 19% in a similar survey conducted in 2016.

The findings suggest a shift in attitudes toward the idea of American exceptionalism, the belief that the US occupies a unique and superior place in the world because of its political system, economy and historical development.

Younger Americans, Democrats less likely to see US as exceptional

The survey found that confidence in the country's system is particularly weak among younger Americans.

Among respondents under the age of 30, 44% said other countries are better than the United States, compared with 22% among those aged 60 and older.

The poll also showed declining belief in the American dream, the idea that hard work leads to upward mobility and success.

A majority of respondents, 51%, said the American dream may have been true in the past but no longer works today.

Views on American exceptionalism also varied significantly along political lines.

Nearly half of Republican respondents said the United States is superior to all other countries, while only 7% of Democrats shared that view.

The findings highlight growing differences in how Americans perceive their country's global standing and future prospects, amid ongoing political polarization and economic uncertainty.

ATTACHMENT SEVENTEEN – FROM TURNING POINT USA

TURNING POINT USA POSTS ON FACEBOOK

June 14 at 8:55 PM ·

“America is the greatest country ever to exist. Period. Bar none.”

For 250 years, generations of Americans have defended freedom, expanded opportunity, and built the most prosperous nation in human history.

The American story isn’t over. It’s ours to carry forward.

See less

Comments

Bryce Eric

America is a great country, but I’m not sure it’s helpful for any nation to claim “greatest of all time.” Pride doesn’t need to be competitive. We can appreciate the achievements of our own countries without turning it into a global ranking exercise.

Mississippi Red

Lmao celebrating with a cage fight in the backyard very fitting

Aliquis Aeli

Mississippi Red - Better than Biden's notable Pride celebration at the White House, where there were more than 1,000 guests for this Pride picnic and celebration.

Si Jo

Mississippi Red yes what a bunch of morons we have on this page

Nana Parker

Mississippi Red Way more fitting than celebrating pride month at the white house

Roman B Marshall

Mississippi Red shut up

Ron Fina

Mississippi Red God damn right!!! 'Murica!!!

Isser Digan

Mississippi Red it was not the firat time. They also used it to honor Military personnel. Better than Drag shows biden brought to the WH

Jerry Edmond

Mississippi Red his wife is covering up his assassination.

Ramen Menra

Mississippi Red Freedom to celebrate according to your passion. Be it cage fight, boxing, football or baseball. That’s what makes America 250 times greater than any country

Tamara Aszmann-Knowles

Mississippi Red .. that’s for his birthday. Get a grip.

Top fan

Sean Boyd

Mississippi Red You would have preferred men dressing as women dancing like fairies

ATTACHMENT EIGHTEEN – FROM REDDIT PEANUT GALLERY

THINGS THAT THE USA DOES BETTER THAN ANYWHERE ELSE AND THE REST OF THE WORLD SHOULD PROBABLY EMULATE?

We probably like to rag on the US in this here sub for the kind of capitalism it practices (tipping culture, privatised healthcare etc.) and we probably go on about how it should adopt a form of the Nordic model or the soziale Marktwirtschaft to save it/truly make it great again (after taking into account sociocultural differences of course).

But what I want to ask is this:

What is it that the USA genuinely does better than any other country out there and that the rest of the world should emulate?

It could be anything from any aspect of it, be it from their economics, their laws, their foreign policies, their institutions, their general sociocultural tapestry, anything really. Anything that you think the US does better than say, Sweden or the Netherlands.

For example, I heard that their national park system is second to none.

So what do you think the USA is truly #1 at in the world? And if other countries could benefit from emulating it?

COMMENTS SECTION

[comment deleted]

•2y ago

Air Conditioning

Icarus_Voltaire

•2y ago

If that's true (and my gut says yes if climates south of the Mason-Dixon line are indicative), then dear god I wish Europe would emulate the US and install some halfway decent AC in ALL of their buildings. Especially my uni campus.

Seriously, it gets real stuffy and uncomfortable in June that I don't know how anyone can focus on their exams. No wonder everyone in the UK goes to Corfu or Ibiza for the summer holidays.

3 more replies

Whalez2Dank

•2y ago

Not necessarily emulate, and I’m sure this will cause some controversy but their expeditionary armed forces is one in my opinion. The ability of the United States military to deploy a Minimum Engagement Package of Patriot missiles in about 24 hours pretty much anywhere in the world, is a monumental engineering feat.

Icarus_Voltaire

•2y ago

American military logistics really is a wonder to behold. What other nation could field three ice cream barges in the Pacific theatre during WWII? Or operate 11 nuclear-powered aircraft carriers across the world's oceans?

1 more reply

Adonisus

•2y ago

According to experts: although almost everything about the US’s healthcare system is abysmal, the one thing that we actually do really well is Research and Development.

neverfakemaplesyrup

•2y ago

Conservation and egalitarianism. Genuinely we are the only European-based culture that didn't just destroy our entire ecosystem, especially timber. On that topic, American Canopy will show you a history of American economics thats often ignored.

. We came real close and stopped, went "shit thats actually bad", and developed forestry, conservation, and are now leaders in environmental studies and sciences. Our politicians and corps aren't, but the researchers are lol

Even Soviet tourists and diplomate admired how Americans generally lack honorifics and have egalitarian cultural elements, even if at the same time, we lack it in our economy and government. Our "cultural dress" is basically jeans and a tshirt; the worker and the owner are both called sir and ma'am.

Icarus_Voltaire

•2y ago

Our politicians and corps aren't, but the researchers are lol

We really need to develop commercially viable nuclear fusion (and room-temperature superconductors) to free not just the US, but the rest of the world from the yoke of these climate change denialists, both domestic (Murray Energy) and foreign (OPEC).

Even Soviet tourists and diplomate admired how Americans generally lack honorifics and have egalitarian cultural elements, even if at the same time, we lack it in our economy and government.

How so?

Our "cultural dress" is basically jeans and a tshirt; the worker and the owner are both called sir and ma'am.

And people around the world regularly wear jeans and a t-shirt (like me); in CIV terms, that's a Cultural Victory.

1 more reply

CubesFan

•2y ago

Customer Service in the U.S. is far and away the best.

2 more replies

realnanoboy

•2y ago

The Americans with Disabilities Act is the absolute gold standard for ensuring disabled people have maximum access to services. Over time, it has done incredible things for everyone.

111

[deleted]

•2y ago

This is underrated. We praise so many countries for having amazing walkable cities, but most of the time only those who can actually walk can fully utilize them. In contrast, nearly all facilities in the US are wheelchair accessible thanks to the ADA.

2 more replies

1 more reply

mickey_kneecaps

•2y ago

The US National Park system is truly amazing. Part of that is having the natural wonders in the first place, but I just love how much of the country is set aside for preservation and recreation rather than exploitation. It’s a beautiful thing.

[deleted]

•2y ago

This is valid. We have some truly phenomenal parks. Teddy Roosevelt was very forward thinking in that area. A lot of our problems with national parks actually occur outside of the park limits (like tourism sprawl), and though we do hear about extraction issues happening on public lands, you rarely hear about that in national parks.

7 more replies

PepernotenEnjoyer

•2y ago

1. Their capacity to integrate or even assimilate so many different peoples. The US has really created an American identity despite having so many different peoples.

2. Their capacity to innovate. The US is really good at innovation.

Finger_Trapz

•2y ago

To combine both of these, foreign born American immigrants create more patents and said patents find greater utility compared to native born Americans.

There is often a narrative that immigrants are just poor Mexicans who pick fruit by hand, when really immigrants are more entrepreneurial and have higher social mobility and ambitions than native born. They also commit crimes at significantly lower rates all across the board, except property crimes AFAIK.

There was this interesting documentary I watched awhile back about the Lost Boys of Sudan, and how they were given refugee status in America. They held regular meetings among each other to foster a sense of community. However some of the older members of the group felt dismayed because the younger men integrated too well into the Black American culture, they were unrecognizable to their cultural background before they immigrated.

The only thing I think America doesn’t do well enough is our quotas. They’re way too low. There’s a quote I’ve always really liked, I think some circuit judge said it. There’s millions of Americans born every day, they just haven’t come home yet. There are millions of people on waiting lists to be American immigrants, but we have a set limit for how many we let in.

1 more reply

24 more replies

[deleted]

•2y ago

The US is undoubtedly better in terms of multiculturalism. Other countries talk a lot about openness to other cultures until they are exposed to a lot of it in a short time, see Europe.

The US is also essentially a country made up of smaller euro-sized countries, which is why it is easier to differentiate cultures on a state/regional level, and shows just how varied we are in culture.

antieverything

•2y ago

Americans are pretty ignorant about how racist Europeans are.

4 more replies

3 more replies

Archarchery

•2y ago

Freedom of Speech laws.

Avionic7779x

•2y ago

1. Multiculturalism. The amount of diversity amongst cultures in the US you can only really find in select large cities around the world. We really are a melting pot of different cultures and we should embrace it

2. National Park Service. A lot of things Teddy Roosevelt did were good (sans Imperialism of course), and this was one of the best. I'll throw into here a lot of US Federal Agencies, like NOAA or the NWS, they're fantastic and global leaders.

3. Military. This one is obvious. Not a single fighting force in human history has come close to the power, flexibility and efficiency of the US Military. The logistics of the US military is second to none, the ability to move thousands of tons of troops, equipment and supplies in days is someone other nations can only dream of. And the US (compared to the other largest militaries) is pretty good at avoiding civilian casualties. Not perfect, of course, and we have our fair share of giant cock ups, but when I talk about the US hitting a hospital with an airstrike, we all know it's Kunduz. When I talk about Russia doing it, we have to specify with one this week.

socialistmajority

•2y ago

What is it that the USA genuinely does better than any other country out there and that the rest of the world should emulate?

Welcoming and integrating immigrants and their families/children.

iwannabesmort

•2y ago

I don't know how much this fits the spirit of the question, but I was recently thinking how I'd like to see primaries implemented elsewhere. I'd love to be able to vote for who I think my parties of choice should run as a candidate for President or Prime Minister. I don't know how much that is an American thing, but it's not here and I haven't seen it ever mentioned in any other country.

This may be a bit unpopular, but I think the US is the closest to my ideal of Freedom of Speech. I haven't really thought it through either, my ideal is just based on my subjective intuision, but in general I'd say that I don't want people to be fined or persecuted for speech. Ever. But I'm not an absolutist so there would have to restrictions on calls of violence or the like, which you could say it doesn't fit what I wrote before, so like I said I haven't really thought it through fully so I can't speak on specifics.

5 more replies

Avantasian538

•2y ago

The First Amendment is awesome.

6 more replies

Wild-Pin4571

•2y ago

USA has a great public library system. Its one of the few places you can just exist without needing to pay for anything. Free Internet, charging ports, desktops, a place to sit, and there are still many of them in major cities. Truly is more than a place for books, although don't worry, they have so many great books too. And you can register for your local library pretty easily.

The best parts about the USA are the most collectivist endeavours they've undertaken, sponsored by the government. Ironic, considering how individualist they are

Clairifyed

•2y ago

The culture of being generally friendlier to and more freely interacting with strangers in the streets is nice. Though this is also partially a product of how dense the population is wherever you are.

MetalMorbomon

•2y ago

Multiculturalism. The US is far more accommodating to immigrants than Europe seems to be.

The ADA. We have the gold standard when it comes to construction requirements for people with disabilities.

Internet Commerce. The level even small businesses are tapped into the Internet, and the connectivity we have for business is far and away better than what I've heard about in Europe.

Maxarc

•2y ago

In my opinion, the USA has one of the best immigration and integration systems in the world. America was built up from immigration, and it shows. Most American citizens reflect it with a kind of inclusive patriotism. I think that's fucking awesome, and Americans should be proud of what they achieved.

I would, however, be careful in saying my country should emulate it. I live in Europe, and we have unique assimilation challenges that should be overcome with unique policy. Instead of copying policy, I propose Europe should try and emulate the outcomes of the US.

PrimaryComrade94

•2y ago

Multiculturalism - lot of multiculturalism and melting pot of different cultures, religions and languages. Lots of Irish, Italian, Mexican, African, Spanish, Korean, First Nation etc all across the pot (except the deep south lot of whites). Diversity is key for a free country.
Federalism - the federal system of checks and balances to stop one branch of government from gaining more power and tyranny occurring again (justices, president and senators holding guns at each other). It has worked in the past against tyranny (bill 1515 aimed at Christianizing schools by force got blocked).
'Tiny worlds' as I call it - every state is basically its own little word, and the cities in it too. Massachusetts literally feels like Europe, and Texas might as well be its own culture and country anyway. Even Alaska feels like a dream of snow.

antieverything

•2y ago

The Deep South is not all white. That's absurd.

Many of these states are majority-minority. Non-hispanic Blacks are a larger group than non-hispanic whites in Alabama. Florida is 25% hispanic. Georgia is a third black and the city of Atlanta is nearly 50% black.

Altruistic-Buy8779

•2y ago

The second amendment. Not that US gun laws are exactly the model one should follow (I'd prefer Czech gun laws). But having a right to bear arms in the constitution is a great thing as governments often like to attack the rights of gun owners. Having constraints on governments ability to attack law abiding gun owners in the constitution is something for other countries to envy.

The US dollar and stock market are strong. Something else to envy. US is the only country that can export it's inflation.

The statue of limitations is also pretty great. We don't have that in other countries.

So what do you think the USA is truly #1

Statisticlly highest per capita prison population. They aren't exactly a list of positive things that US is number 1 in...

Finger_Trapz

•2y ago

Statisticlly highest per capita prison population. They aren't exactly a list of positive things that US is number 1 in...

Disposable household income after social transfers in kind. Does healthcare suck? Yes. Does retirement funding suck? Yes. There are plenty of things that suck in America, but undeniably Americans are ABSURDLY rich, by a wide margin too. This is of course discounting weird outliers like Monaco which is just a tax haven resort for multi millionaires.

Even in the poorest state in the country, Mississippi, most people in Mississippi have more money to throw around than most French or Danish or Polish people do. I remember having a friend in the UK have a partial meltdown because they had a Masters in Computer Science and had been in the software industry for half a decade, and they still made less than entry level gas station clerks do where I live.

Americans tend to live very consumerist lifestyles so they don't really have a reference frame, but America has deep pockets.

[deleted]

•2y ago

This is less of a present moment thing, but we have a very old democratic tradition. It has its flaws, major blemishes, and obsolete aspects, but it has had a relatively long amount of continuity. Our national identity has revolved around, and hopefully still does, defending and fighting for our basic freedoms. That doesn't mean there haven't been abuses. That doesn't mean we've been devoid of authoritarianism. That doesn't mean that we've never stood on the sidelines and watched bad things happen. But freedom and democracy have always been synonymous with our national identity.

If Trump is reelected (with a minority of the vote), I'm certain that we'll be out in the streets raising hell, because our culture has pre-programmed us to do just that. If that happens, my only hope is that we stay there and don't go home.

IH8YTSGTS

•2y ago

I am going to interject something, immigration. America has the highest rate of immigration in the world.

I am curios what this sub thinks because I see European social democrats who hate America and American economics but seek to copy America's approach to immigration and I am wondering why.

ninbushido

•2y ago

Fiscal/monetary stimulus. Europe had the worst response to the GFC and COVID recessions. And that’s saying something given how the US fiscal stimulus was pathetic in 2009 too, but at least our central bank kept interest rates low instead of whatever the hell the central bank of the EU and Sweden etc. were doing

TransportationOk657

•2y ago

The US is good at mobilizing capital and resources when it needs it.

Edit: Exporting soft power throughout the world.

[deleted]

•2y ago

Science. We have world-class science institutions and lead the world with it—despite our abysmally uneducated public.

JonWood007

•2y ago

Our culture of freedom, especially freedom of speech.

I look at countries like say germany and how they dont actually have free speech and how litiguous they are over stuff and I'm like WTAF.

I like how economically independent we are. We have our own currency, we're not bound by weird rules like EU countries are that make it hard to power their way out of recessions.

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